Werner Arber

Werner Arber (1929) – Shveysariya genetigi. Bakteriyalarda restriktaza – hujayraga tushib qolgan begona DNK molekulasini oʻziga xos parchalovchi fermentlarni kashf qilgan. Daniel Nathans va Hamilton Smith bilan birga Nobel mukofoti laureati (1978)^[1].

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↑ OʻzME. Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil

Ushbu maqolada Oʻzbekiston milliy ensiklopediyasi (2000-2005) maʼlumotlaridan foydalanilgan.

k m t Fiziologiya va tibbiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari

1901–1925	1901 Emil von Behring 1902 Ronald Ross 1903 Niels Ryberg Finsen 1904 Ivan Pavlov 1905 Robert Koch 1906 Camillo Golgi / Santiago Ramón y Cajal 1907 Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran 1908 Élie Metchnikoff / Paul Ehrlich 1909 Emil Theodor Kocher 1910 Albrecht Kossel 1911 Allvar Gullstrand 1912 Alexis Carrel 1913 Charles Richet 1914 Róbert Bárány 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 Jules Bordet 1920 August Krogh 1921 1922 Archibald Hill / Otto Fritz Meyerhof 1923 Frederick Banting / John James Rickard Macleod 1924 Willem Einthoven 1925

1926–1950	1926 Johannes Fibiger 1927 Julius Wagner-Jauregg 1928 Charles Nicolle 1929 Christiaan Eijkman / Frederick Gowland Hopkins 1930 Karl Landsteiner 1931 Otto Heinrich Warburg 1932 Charles Scott Sherrington / Edgar Adrian 1933 Thomas Hunt Morgan 1934 George Whipple / George Minot / William P. Murphy 1935 Hans Spemann 1936 Henry Hallett Dale / Otto Loewi 1937 Albert Szent-Györgyi 1938 Corneille Heymans 1939 Gerhard Domagk 1940 1941 1942 1943 Henrik Dam / Edward Adelbert Doisy 1944 Joseph Erlanger / Herbert Spencer Gasser 1945 Alexander Fleming / Ernst Boris Chain / Howard Florey 1946 Hermann Joseph Muller 1947 Carl Ferdinand Cori / Gerty Cori / Bernardo Houssay 1948 Paul Hermann Müller 1949 Walter Rudolf Hess / António Egas Moniz 1950 Edward Calvin Kendall / Tadeusz Reichstein / Philip Showalter Hench

1951–1975	1951 Max Theiler 1952 Selman Waksman 1953 Hans Adolf Krebs / Fritz Albert Lipmann 1954 John Franklin Enders / Thomas Huckle Weller / Frederick Chapman Robbins 1955 Hugo Theorell 1956 André Frédéric Cournand / Werner Forssmann / Dickinson W. Richards 1957 Daniel Bovet 1958 George Beadle / Edward Tatum / Joshua Lederberg 1959 Severo Ochoa / Arthur Kornberg 1960 Frank Macfarlane Burnet / Peter Medawar 1961 Georg von Békésy 1962 Francis Crick / James Watson / Maurice Wilkins 1963 John Eccles / Alan Lloyd Hodgkin / Andrew Huxley 1964 Konrad Emil Bloch / Feodor Felix Konrad Lynen 1965 François Jacob / André Michel Lwoff / Jacques Monod 1966 Francis Peyton Rous / Charles Brenton Huggins 1967 Ragnar Granit / Haldan Keffer Hartline / George Wald 1968 Robert W. Holley / Har Gobind Khorana / Marshall Warren Nirenberg 1969 Max Delbrück / Alfred Hershey / Salvador Luria 1970 Bernard Katz / Ulf von Euler / Julius Axelrod 1971 Earl Wilbur Sutherland Jr. 1972 Gerald Edelman / Rodney Robert Porter 1973 Karl von Frisch / Konrad Lorenz / Nikolaas Tinbergen 1974 Albert Claude / Christian de Duve / George Emil Palade 1975 David Baltimore / Renato Dulbecco / Howard Martin Temin

1976–2000	1976 Baruch Samuel Blumberg / Daniel Carleton Gajdusek 1977 Roger Guillemin / Andrew Schally / Rosalyn Yalow 1978 Werner Arber / Daniel Nathans / Hamilton O. Smith 1979 Allan Cormack / Godfrey Hounsfield 1980 Baruj Benacerraf / Jean Dausset / George Snell 1981 Roger Sperry / David H. Hubel / Torsten Wiesel 1982 Sune Bergström / Bengt I. Samuelsson / John Vane 1983 Barbara McClintock 1984 Niels Jerne / Georges J. F. Köhler / César Milstein 1985 Michael Brown / Joseph L. Goldstein 1986 Stanley Cohen / Rita Levi-Montalcini 1987 Susumu Tonegawa 1988 James W. Black / Gertrude B. Elion / George H. Hitchings 1989 J. Michael Bishop / Harold E. Varmus 1990 Joseph Murray / E. Donnall Thomas 1991 Erwin Neher / Bert Sakmann 1992 Edmond H. Fischer / Edwin G. Krebs 1993 Richard J. Roberts / Phillip Allen Sharp 1994 Alfred G. Gilman / Martin Rodbell 1995 Edward B. Lewis / Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard / Eric F. Wieschaus 1996 Peter C. Doherty / Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1997 Stanley B. Prusiner 1998 Robert F. Furchgott / Louis Ignarro / Ferid Murad 1999 Günter Blobel 2000 Arvid Carlsson / Paul Greengard / Eric Kandel

2001–yildan	2001 Leland H. Hartwell / Tim Hunt / Paul Nurse 2002 Sydney Brenner / H. Robert Horvitz / John Sulston 2003 Paul Lauterbur / Peter Mansfield 2004 Richard Axel / Linda B. Buck 2005 Barry Marshall / Robin Warren 2006 Andrew Fire / Craig Mello 2007 Mario Capecchi / Martin Evans / Oliver Smithies 2008 Harald zur Hausen / Luc Montagnier / Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 2009 Elizabeth Blackburn / Carol W. Greider / Jack W. Szostak 2010 Robert G. Edwards 2011 Bruce Beutler / Jules A. Hoffmann / Ralph M. Steinman 2012 John B. Gurdon / Shinya Yamanaka 2013 James Rothman / Randy Schekman / Thomas C. Südhof 2014 John O'Keefe / May-Britt Moser / Edvard Moser 2015 William C. Campbell / Satoshi Ōmura / Tu Youyou 2016 Yoshinori Ohsumi 2017 Jeffrey C. Hall / Michael Rosbash / Michael W. Young 2018 James P. Allison / Tasuku Honjo 2019 William G. Kaelin Jr / Peter J. Ratcliffe / Gregg L. Semenza 2020 Harvey Alter / Michael Houghton / Charles M. Rice 2021 David Julius / Ardem Patapoutian

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