Al-Xorazmiy
Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
| Matematika Islom Oltin Davri |
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Al-Xorazmiyning 1200 yillik yubileyi sharafiga 1983-yil 6-sentyabrda bosib chiqarilgan pochta markasi
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Ism |
Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Musa al-Xorazmiy |
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Tavalludi |
taxm. 780, Xorazm, Oʻzbekiston |
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Vafoti |
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Falsafa maktabi |
Bayt al-Hikma |
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Asosiy qiziqishlari |
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Olgan taʼsirlari |
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Abu Abdulloh Muhammad ibn Musa al-Xorazmiy (arab محمد بن موسى الخوارزمي) - (taxm. 780-850 yillarda yashagan) - mashhur O'rta Osiyolik musulmon matematigi, astronomi, astrologi, geografi, hamda qomusiy olimidir. Ayrim manbalarga koʻra, u forsiy boʻlgan.[1]
U, taxminan, 780-yilda Xorazmda[2](hozirgi Xivada, Oʻzbekiston) dunyoga kelgan va 850-yillarda vafot etgan. Al-Xorazmiy oʻz umrining aksariyatini Bogʻdoddagi Bayt al-Hikmada olim sifatida ishlab oʻtkazdi.
Uning Algebra asari chiziqli va kvadrat tenglamalarning tizimli yechimi toʻgʻrisidagi birinchi kitobdir. Shu sababdan, u Diofant kabi "algebra fanining otasi" degan unvonga sazovor boʻldi.[3] Uning hind raqamlari haqidagi Arifmetika asarining Lotin tiliga tarjimasi 12-asrda Gʻarb olamiga oʻnlik raqamlar tizimi haqidagi tushunchani olib kirdi.[4] Al-Xorazmiy Ptolomeyning Geografiya asarini koʻrib chiqib yangiladi va shuningdek, uning oʻzi ham astronomiya va astrologiyaga oid bir qancha asarlar yaratdi.
Al-Xorazmiy nafaqat matematika sohasiga, balki shuningdek tillarga ham katta hissa qo'shqan olimdir. "Algebra" so'zi, olimning kitobida qayd etilishicha, kvadrat tenglamani yechishda qoʻllaniladigan 2 amaliyotning biri nomidan olingandir. "Algoritm" soʻzining oʻzagi esa Algoritmi boʻlib, u olimning ismini Lotinlashtirishdan kelib chiqqan. [5] Shuningdek, ispan tilidagi guarismo[6] va portugal tilidagi algarismo soʻzlari ham(ikkalasi ham raqam maʼnosini beradi) uning ismidan kelib chiqqan.
Mundarija |
[tahrir] Tarjimai holi
Al-Xorazmiy haqida juda kam ma'lumotlar saqlanib qolgan, hattoki olimning qayerda tug`ilganligi borasida ham aniq ma'lumot yo`q. Uning ismi olimning Xorazm(Xiva)dan ekanligiga ishorat etadi. Xorazm hududi hozirgi O`zbekistonning Xorazm viloyati hududiga to`g`ri keladi va o`sha davrda Buyuk Xuroson davlatining bir qismi hisoblanib, Fors davlatining sharqiy qismida joylashgan. Bu paytda Xorazmda Abbosiylar sulolasi hukmronlik qilishardi.
Olimning kunyalari Abu- Abdulloh (arab.: "Abdullohning otasi" أبو عبد الله) bo`lgan.
Tarixchi al Tabari o'z kitoblarida olim ismini Muhammad ibn Muso al-Xorazmiy al-Majusiy al Qatrabaliy(arab.: محمد بن موسى الخوارزميّ المجوسيّ القطربّليّ) deb keltirib o`tadi. Al-Qatrabaliy laqabi uning Bog`dod yaqinidagi Qatrabal shaharchasidan bo`lishi mumkin degan taxminni ham beradi.
Al-Xorazmiy o`z asarlarini aksariyatini 813-833 yillar oralig`ida yozgan. Fors davlatida islom dini o`rnatilgach, Bog`dod yirik fan va savdo markaziga aylandi, uzoq Xitoy va Hindistondan ko`pgina olim va savdogarlar Bog`dod shahriga sayotga kelishardi, shu o`rinda al-Xorazmiy ham o`sha davlatlarga safar qilardi. Al-Xorazmiy xalifa Ma'mun tomonidan tashkil etilgan "Hikmatlar uyi"da olim sifatida ishladi va u yerda u ko`pgina fanlarni, shu jumladan, yunon va sanskrit tillaridagi ilmiy qulyozmalar orqali matematika fanini chuqur o'rgandi.
[tahrir] Fanga qoʻshgan hissasi
Olimning matematika, astronomiya, astrologiya, geografiya va kartografiyaga qo`shgan ulkan hissasi algebra, trigonometriya va boshqa fanlarda keng kashfiyotlar yaratilishi uchun asos yaratdi.
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Bu maqola inglizcha yozilgan. |
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Iltimos, maqolani o'zbek tilga tarjima qiling. |
His major contributions to mathematics, astronomy, astrology, geography and cartography provided foundations for later and even more widespread innovation in algebra, trigonometry, and his other areas of interest. His systematic and logical approach to solving linear and quadratic equations gave shape to the discipline of algebra, a word that is derived from the name of his 830 book on the subject, al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr wa'l-muqabala (Arabic الكتاب المختصر في حساب الجبر والمقابلة) or: "The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing". The book was first translated into Latin in the twelfth century.
His book On the Calculation with Hindu Numerals written about 825, was principally responsible for the diffusion of the Indian system of numeration in the Middle-East and then Europe. This book also translated into Latin in the twelfth century, as Algoritmi de numero Indorum. From the name of the author, rendered in Latin as algoritmi, originated the term algorithm.
Some of his contributions were based on earlier Persian and Babylonian Astronomy, Indian numbers, and Greek sources.
Al-Khwārizmī systematized and corrected Ptolemy's data in geography as regards to Africa and the Middle east. Another major book was his Kitab surat al-ard ("The Image of the Earth"; translated as Geography), which presented the coordinates of localities in the known world based, ultimately, on those in the Geography of Ptolemy but with improved values for the length of the Mediterranean Sea and the location of cities in Asia and Africa.
He also assisted in the construction of a world map for the caliph al-Ma'mun and participated in a project to determine the circumference of the Earth, supervising the work of 70 geographers to create the map of the then "known world".[10]
When his work was copied and transferred to Europe through Latin translations, it had a profound impact on the advancement of basic mathematics in Europe. He also wrote on mechanical devices like the astrolabe and sundial.
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Bu Olimlar haqida tugallanmagan maqoladir. Iltimos, ushbu sahifani toʻldiring. |
