Valid ibn al-Mugʻiyra

Al-Valid ibn al-Mug‘iyra al-Maxzumiy (arabcha: الوليد بن المغيرة المخزومي) (milodiy 550–622-yillar) — Quraysh qabilasining Banu Maxzum urugʻi boshligʻi. Mashhur sahoba Xolid ibn Validning ota bir ukasi. Valid ibn Mug'iyra Qurayshning ko'zga ko'ringan vakillaridan bo'lgan.

Oilasi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Al-Valid ibn al-Mug'iyraning otasi Mug‘iyra ibn Abdulloh ibn Umar ibn Maxzum bo'lgan.

Xolid ibn al-Valid^[1], uning onasi Validning xotini Luboba as-Sug'ro, ya'ni al-Asmo binti al-Horis ibn al-Hazn bo'lgan. Biroq Xolid ham, uning ukalari ham otalari vafot etgan paytda Islomni qabul qilishmagan edi.
Hishom ibn al-Valid
Valid ibn al-Valid
Ammora ibn Valid yoki Umara

Ayrim manbalarda Umar ibn Valid ibn Mug‘iyra haqida so‘z yuritiladi, lekin u Valid ibn al-Mug'iyraning o‘g‘li ekanligi to'g'risida aniq ma'lumotlar mavjud emas.

Qizlari:

Nojiya bint Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra, u Safvon ibn Umayyaga turmushga chiqqan.
Fotima bint Valid, Banu Maxzum qabilasidan Horis ibn Hishom ibn al-Mug'iyraga turmushga chiqqan. Fotima Ikrima ibn Abu Jahlga, keyin Xolid ibn Saidga turmushga chiqqan Ummu Hokimning onasi edi. Islomga da'vat boshlanganida Valid ibn Mug'iyra Muhammadni sehrgar deb e'lon qilgan, shunda u haqida Qur'onning Muddassir surasi oyatlari nozil bo'lgan.

Islomga munosabat[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Quraysh qabilasi boshliqlari payg‘ambar Muhammad Abu Tolib bilan birgalikda odamlarni islom diniga da'vat qilishdan to'xtamasligni ko'rganida, Valid ibn al-Mug‘iyra Utba ibn Rabi’a, Shayba ibn Abuhaybon, Shayba ibn al-Subon, Abu Sufyon ibn Harb, Abu al-Baxtariy ibn Hishom, al-Asvad ibn al-Murralib, Amr ibn Hishom (Abu Jahl), Nubayh ibn al-Hajjoj, Munabbih ibn al-Hajjaj va al-Os ibn Va'illar bilan birgalikda Abu Tolibning oldiga borishadi va u va jiyani Muhammad ularning xudolarini haqoratlashni bas qilishlarini aytadi. Ular Abu Tolibga hukmronlik qilish va islomni targ'ib qilish maqsadidan voz kechish sharti bilan xohlaganlaricha eng go'zal ayollarga uylanishlari mumkinligini taklif qilishadi. Bu taklifga nisbatan Muhammad shunday javob beradi: “Allohga qasamki, agar quyoshni o‘ng qo‘limga, oyni chap qo‘limga qo‘ysalar ham, men bu maqsadimdan qaytmas edim^[2].

Har qanday taklifga qaramasdan Abu Tolibning Muhammadni qo'llashdan voz kechmasligini anglagan Quraysh qabilasi boshliqlari Validning o‘g‘li Umara bilan birgalikda Abu Tolibning huzuriga boradi va: “Ey Abu Tolib, bu Qurayshning eng kuchli, eng chiroyli yigiti Umaradir, uni ol. Uning aqli va madadidan naf koʻrasan. Uni oʻgʻil qilib asrab ol va sening diningga va otalaringning diniga qarshi chiqqan, xalqingning birligini buzgan, bizni masxara qilgan jiyaningni bizga topshir. Biz uni o'ldiramiz. Bu inson berish evaziga inson olish bo'ladi". Ammo Abu Tolib bu taklifni rad etadi^[3].

Bir hadisda aytilishicha, Muhammad Najm surasini tilovat qilganida, musulmonlar va mushriklar birgalikda sajda qilishgan^[4]. Alfred Guillaumening bergan ma'lumotlarga ko'ra, Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra sajda qilish uchun juda keksa bo'lgan, buning o'rniga u ramziy ravishda bir hovuch tuproq olib, uning ustiga egilgan^[5]. Ammo “Sahihi Buxoriy”dagi hadisda aytilishicha, Najm surasi oʻqilganida, aslida Umayya ibn Xalaf qoʻliga toʻldirib qum olgan va unga sajda qilgan^[6].

Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra haqidagi Qur'on oyatlari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra Qur'onning bir qancha oyatlarida bilvosita zikr qilingan Quraysh rahbarlaridan biri edi. U al-Asvad ibn al-Mutalib ibn Asad, al-Asvad ibn Abdulyag‘uz, al-Os ibn Voil ibn Hishom va al-Hibomatulloh (al-Hibohiromah) bilan birgalikda 5 ta asosiy jinoyatchilardan edi.

Dinlarni birlashtirish taklifi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Bir kuni Muhammad Ka’bani aylanib o‘tayotganda, Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra Asvad ibn al-Mutalib ibn Asad ibn Abduluzzo, Umayya ibn Xalaf va al-Os ibn Voil bilan birga uning oldiga kelib, unga shunday taklif beradi: "Ey Muhammad, kel, bizlar sening xudoyingni tan olib, unga ham ibodat qilaylik, sen ham oʻz xudoyingga qoʻshib, bizlarning butlarimizga ham sigʻingin”. Ushbu taklifga javoban Muhammad shunday deydi:

“(Ey Muhammad), ayting: „Ey kofirlar! Men sizlar ibodat qilayotgan narsalarga ibodat qilmasman. Va sizlar ham men ibodat qiladigan (Alloh)ga ibodat qilguvchi emasdirsizlar. Men sizlar ibodat qilgan narsaga ibodat qilguvchi emasman. Va sizlar ham men ibodat qiladigan (Alloh)ga ibodat qilguvchi emasdirsizlar. Sizlarning diningiz oʻzlaringiz uchun, mening dinim oʻzim uchundir!“ (Kofirun surasi^[7])

O'limi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Valid ibn al-Mug'iyra hijriy 1-yilda (milodiy 622–623) vafot etgan^[8].

Yana qarang[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Muhammadning yurishlari roʻyxati

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ at-Tabari. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, Translated and annotated by Ella Landau-Tasseron, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998 — 201–202 bet.
↑ Guillaume, p119
↑ Guillaume, p. 119.
↑ al-Bukhari. „17 Prostration During Recital of Qur'an“. sunnah.com. — „Narrated `Abdullah bin Mas`ud: The Prophet (ﷺ) recited Surat-an-Najm (53) and prostrated while reciting it and all the people prostrated and a man amongst the people took a handful of stones or earth and raised it to his face and said, This is sufficient for me. Later on I saw him killed as a non-believer.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 5-avgust.
↑ Guillaume, p. 166.
↑ al-Bukhari. „65 Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh))“. sunnah.com. — „Narrated `Abdullah: The first Sura in which a prostration was mentioned, was Sura An-Najm (The Star). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prostrated (while reciting it), and everybody behind him prostrated except a man whom I saw taking a hand-full of dust in his hand and prostrated on it. Later I saw that man killed as an infidel, and he was Umaiya bin Khalaf.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 5-avgust.
↑ Guillaume, p165
↑ Zettersteen 2002.

Adabiyotlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Guillaume, Alferd. The Life Of Muhammad : A translation of Ishaq's Sirat Rasul Allah. Oxford University Press, 1955. ISBN 0-19-636033-1.
Watt, W. Montgomery. Muhammad at Mecca. Oxford University Press, 1953. ISBN 978-0-19-577277-7.

[1] t-Tabari. The History of al-Tabari Vol. 39: Biographies of the Prophet's Companions and Their Successors, Translated and annotated by Ella Landau-Tasseron, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1998 — 201–202 bet.

[Guillaume,_p119-2] Guillaume, p119

[3] Guillaume, p. 119.

[4] al-Bukhari. „17 Prostration During Recital of Qur'an“. sunnah.com. — „Narrated `Abdullah bin Mas`ud: The Prophet (ﷺ) recited Surat-an-Najm (53) and prostrated while reciting it and all the people prostrated and a man amongst the people took a handful of stones or earth and raised it to his face and said, This is sufficient for me. Later on I saw him killed as a non-believer.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 5-avgust.

[5] Guillaume, p. 166.

[6] al-Bukhari. „65 Prophetic Commentary on the Qur'an (Tafseer of the Prophet (pbuh))“. sunnah.com. — „Narrated `Abdullah: The first Sura in which a prostration was mentioned, was Sura An-Najm (The Star). Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) prostrated (while reciting it), and everybody behind him prostrated except a man whom I saw taking a hand-full of dust in his hand and prostrated on it. Later I saw that man killed as an infidel, and he was Umaiya bin Khalaf.“. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 5-avgust.

[7] Guillaume, p165

[FOOTNOTEZettersteen2002-8] Zettersteen 2002.

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