Stephen Hawking

**Stephen Hawking**
	; Hawking NASA StarChild taʼlim markazida, 1980-yillar
Tavalludi	8-yanvar, 1942-yil; Oksford
Vafoti	14-mart, 2018-yil; (76 yoshda); Kembrij
Fuqaroligi	Buyuk Britaniya
Sohasi	Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi; Kvant gravitatsiyasi;
Institutlar	Gonville va Caius kolleji (Kembrij); Kaliforniya texnologiya instituti; Perimeter nazariy fizika instituti
Alma mater	Oksford universiteti; Kembrij universiteti
Akademik rahbarlari	Dennis Sciama
Mashhur ishlari	Hawking nurlanishi; Penrose–Hawking singularlik teoremalari; Bekenstein–Hawking formulasi; Hawking energiyasi; Gibbons–Hawking anzatsi; Gibbons–Hawking samarasi; Gibbons–Hawking fazosi; Gibbons–Hawking–York chegarasi; Thorne–Hawking–Preskill garovi;
Mashhur sovrinlari	Adams mukofoti (1966); Eddington medali (1975); Maxwell medali (1976); Heineman sovrini (1976); Hughes medali (1976); Albert Einstein mukofoti (1978); Qirollik astronomiya jamiyati oltin medali (1985); Dirac medali (1987); Wolf sovrini (1988); Asturiya shahzodasi mukofoti (1989); Andrew Gemant mukofoti (1998); Naylor sovrini (1999); Lilienfeld sovrini (1999); Albert medali (1999); Copley medali (2006); Ozodlik medali (2009); Fundamental fizikada kashfiyot medali (2012); BBVA jamgʻarmasi bilim fronti medali (2015);

Stephen William Hawking (talaffuzi: Stiven Uilyam Hoking; 8-yanvar 1942 – 14-mart 2018) ingliz nazariyotchi fizigi, kosmologi, yozuvchi va Kembrij universiteti Nazariy kosmologiya markazi tadqiqot direktori boʻlgan.^[2]^[3] Ilmiy ishlari sirasiga Roger Penrose bilan birgalikda kashf etgan gravitatsiya singularligi teoremalari hamda qora tuynuk nurlanishi (Hawking nurlanishi) hodisasining matematik asosi (prognozi) kiradi. Hawking birinchi boʻlib kosmologiyani umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi va kvant mexanika bilan izohlovchi nazariya qurishni taklif etdi. U kvant mexanikaning koʻp olamlar talqini tarafdori edi.^[4]^[5]

Bundan tashqari, Hawking Qirollik sanʼat jamiyati va Rim papasi fanlar akademiyasi aʼzosi boʻlgan, Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari prezidenti tomonidan Ozodlik medali bilan taqdirlangan. 2002-yilda BBC oʻtkazgan "100 eng buyuk britaniyalik" soʻrovida 25-oʻrin olgan. 1979—2009-yillar orasida ilmiy-ommabop kitoblar yozgan. Ayniqsa uning Vaqtning qisqa tarixi kitobi bir necha bor bestseller boʻlgan.

Hawking kam uchrovchi motor neyron kasalligi bilan ogʻrigan (bu kasallik biqin amiotrofik sklerozi va Lou Gehrig kasalligi nomlari bilan ham maʼlum), shu sababli umrining oxirigacha falaj yashadi.^[6]^[7] Falajlik ortidan gapirish qobiliyatini yoʻqotgach, u faqatgina nutq sintezatori orqali aloqa qila olar edi. Hawking 2018-yil 14-martida 76 yoshda vafot etdi.^[8]^[9]

Manbalar[tahrir]

↑ Stephen Hawking, Mathematics Genealogy Project
↑ "Centre for Theoretical Cosmology: Outreach Stephen Hawking"
↑ About Stephen. Stephen Hawking vebsayti.
↑ Gardner, Martin (September/October 2001). "Multiverses and Blackberries". "Notes of a Fringe-Watcher". Skeptical Inquirer. Volume 25, No. 5.
↑ Price, Michael Clive (February 1995). "THE EVERETT FAQ". Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
↑ "Mind over matter: How Stephen Hawking defied Motor Neurone Disease for 50 years". The Independent. 26 November 2015. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mind-over-matter-how-stephen-hawking-defied-motor-neurone-disease-for-50-years-6286313.html.
↑ "How Has Stephen Hawking Lived to 70 with ALS?". Scientific American. 7 January 2012. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-als/. "Q: How frequent are these cases of very slow-progressing forms of ALS? A: I would say probably less than a few percent."
↑ "Stephen Hawking Dies at 76; His Mind Roamed the Cosmos", The New York Times
↑ Henry, David (14 March 2018). "Stephen Hawking, physicist who reshaped cosmology, passes away at 76". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/physicist-stephen-hawking-passes-away/articleshow/63294700.cms. Qaraldi: 15 March 2018.

Havolalar[tahrir]

Olim haqidagi ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.

[mathgene-1] Stephen Hawking, Mathematics Genealogy Project

[Auto2J-2-2] "Centre for Theoretical Cosmology: Outreach Stephen Hawking"

[Auto2J-3-3] About Stephen. Stephen Hawking vebsayti.

[4] Gardner, Martin (September/October 2001). "Multiverses and Blackberries". "Notes of a Fringe-Watcher". Skeptical Inquirer. Volume 25, No. 5.

[5] Price, Michael Clive (February 1995). "THE EVERETT FAQ". Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis. Retrieved 17 December 2014.

[6] "Mind over matter: How Stephen Hawking defied Motor Neurone Disease for 50 years". The Independent. 26 November 2015. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/mind-over-matter-how-stephen-hawking-defied-motor-neurone-disease-for-50-years-6286313.html.

[:0-7] "How Has Stephen Hawking Lived to 70 with ALS?". Scientific American. 7 January 2012. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/stephen-hawking-als/. "Q: How frequent are these cases of very slow-progressing forms of ALS? A: I would say probably less than a few percent."

[NYT=20180314-8] "Stephen Hawking Dies at 76; His Mind Roamed the Cosmos", The New York Times

[IT-20180314-9] Henry, David (14 March 2018). "Stephen Hawking, physicist who reshaped cosmology, passes away at 76". The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/physicist-stephen-hawking-passes-away/articleshow/63294700.cms. Qaraldi: 15 March 2018.

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Stephen Hawking

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Hawking NASA StarChild taʼlim markazida, 1980-yillar
Tavalludi	8-yanvar, 1942-yil(1942-01-08) Oksford
Vafoti	14-mart, 2018-yil(2018-03-14) (76 yoshda) Kembrij
Fuqaroligi	Buyuk Britaniya
Sohasi	Umumiy nisbiylik nazariyasi Kvant gravitatsiyasi
Institutlar	Gonville va Caius kolleji (Kembrij) Kaliforniya texnologiya instituti Perimeter nazariy fizika instituti
Alma mater	Oksford universiteti Kembrij universiteti
Akademik rahbarlari	Dennis Sciama^[1]
Mashhur ishlari	Hawking nurlanishi Penrose–Hawking singularlik teoremalari Bekenstein–Hawking formulasi Hawking energiyasi Gibbons–Hawking anzatsi Gibbons–Hawking samarasi Gibbons–Hawking fazosi Gibbons–Hawking–York chegarasi Thorne–Hawking–Preskill garovi
Mashhur sovrinlari	Adams mukofoti (1966) Eddington medali (1975) Maxwell medali (1976) Heineman sovrini (1976) Hughes medali (1976) Albert Einstein mukofoti (1978) Qirollik astronomiya jamiyati oltin medali (1985) Dirac medali (1987) Wolf sovrini (1988) Asturiya shahzodasi mukofoti (1989) Andrew Gemant mukofoti (1998) Naylor sovrini (1999) Lilienfeld sovrini (1999) Albert medali (1999) Copley medali (2006) Ozodlik medali (2009) Fundamental fizikada kashfiyot medali (2012) BBVA jamgʻarmasi bilim fronti medali (2015)