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Muhammad Said Ramazon al-Butiy

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Muhammad Said Ramazon al-Butiy
مُحَّمَد سَعِيد رَمَضَان ٱلْبُوطِي

Muhammad Said Ramazon Al-Butiy 2013-yilda
Unvoni Shayx, Alloma, Mehrob Shahidi, Bosh Muftiy[1]
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlar
Tavalludi 1929 Cizre,Turkiya [2]
Vafoti 21-mart 2013-yil(2013-03-21)
(84 yoshda)
Umaviylar Masjidi, Damashq, Suriya
Dini Islom
Hudud Suriya
Mazhab Sunniy
Yurisprudensiya Shofiʼiylik[3][4]
Imom Ash’ariylik
Oqim Islomiy neo-traditsionalizm[5]

Muhammad Said Ramazon Al-Butiy (arabcha: مُحَّمَد سَعِيد رَمَضَان ٱلْبُوطِي) (1929-yil, Turkiya — 2013-yil 21-mart, Damashq shahri) —Turkiyalik taniqli sunniy musulmon olimi, yozuvchi va professor.Damashq universitetida dekan oʻrinbosari va Umaviylar masjidida imom boʻlib ishlagan [8].

Al-Butiy islom huquqi va ilohiyotiga oid oltmishdan ortiq kitob yozgan. U islomdagi to'rtta mazhabga va ash'ariylik e'tiqodiga sodiq bo'lgan islom neotradisionalizmining yetakchi namoyandasi edi [8]. Uning asarlari islomning dunyoviylik, marksizm va millatchilik kabi qarama-qarshi mafkuralarga qarshi vahhobiylik va islom modernizmining islohotchi harakatlariga qarshi asosiy himoyasi sifatida yuqori baholangan.

2013-yilning 21-martida al-Butiy Damashqdagi Al-Iman masjidida oʻldirilgan. Voqea atrofidagi tafsilotlar hali ham noma'lum.

Hayoti

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Al-Butiy 1929-yilda Turkiyaning Cizre shahri yaqinida joylashgan Jeilka qishlog'ida tug'ilgan [9]. Uning otasi Mulla Ramazon al-Butiy, ulamo bo'lib, Levant, Iroq va Turkiyaning qator mintaqalarida yashovchi kurd qabilasidan bo'lgan [10]. Al-Butiy to'rt yoshga to'lganda, Otaturkning inqiloblari tufayli uning oilasi Damashqqa ko'chib o'tdi[11].

U boshlang‘ich maktabga oʻqigan va otasidan maxsus diniy saboq olgan . Al-Butiy oʻn bir yoshida Midon shahridagi Manjak masjidida Shayx Hasan Habannaka va Shayx al-Maradlnl bilan Qur’on va Muhammad payg‘ambar biografiyasini oʻrgangan. Keyinchalik masjid Islom yoʻnalishi institutiga aylantirilgach, u 1953-yilgacha Qurʼon tafsiri, mantiq, ritorika va islom fiqhining asosiy tamoyillarini oʻrgandi.

1954-yilda Al Azhar universitetining shariat fakultetida bakalavriat taʼlimini tamomlash uchun Qohiraga bordi [12].

Karyera

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Al-Butiy oʻz faoliyatini 1958-1961-yillarda Xomsdagi oʻrta maktabda oʻqituvchilik qilishdan boshlagan [12]. 1960-yilda Damashq universitetining shariat fakultetiga oʻqituvchilikka tayinlangan. U shariat fanlari doktori darajasini olish uchun yana Al Azhar universitetiga bordi va 1965-yilda doktorlik (PhD) darajasini oldi [13] [14].

U 1965-yilda Damashq universitetiga qaytib keldi va 1977-yildan 1983-yilgacha shu universitetning shariat fakulteti dekani lavozimida ishladi[15]. Keyinchalik u Damashq universitetida qiyosiy huquq va dinshunoslik bo'yicha o'qituvchisi va Sharfa fakulteti dekani ham boʻlib ishlagan. Al-Butiy qiyosiy huquq professori bo'lib, Islom aqidasi (aqida) va Muhammad payg`ambarning tarjimai holi (siyrat ) bo'yicha o'qituvchilik qilgan [13][14].

Al-Butiy Iordaniyaning Amman shahridagi Aal al-Bayt islomiy fondi, [16] Oksford akademiyasi Oliy Kengashi [17] va Abu-Dabidagi Tabah fondi Oliy maslahat kengashi aʼzosi edi. [18].

1979-yilda Suriyada „Musulmon birodarlar ” inqilobi paytida al-Butiy islomiy jangarilarning hujumlarini qattiq qoralagan edi [19], hamkasblarining aksariyati esa muxolifatni qoʻllab-quvvatlagan yoki jim turishgan[15][14]. 2008-yilda Al-Butiy Damashqdagi Umaviylar masjidiga voiz etib tayinlangan[15].

2011-yil mart oyida Suriyadagi inqilob va uning pozitsiyasi

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2011-yil mart oyida Suriyada inqilob boshlanganidan keyin Al-Butiy hukumatga qarshi namoyishlarni tanqid qildi va namoyishchilarni „Suriyadagi fitna va tartibsizliklarni qoʻzgʻatish uchun masjidlardan foydalanmoqchi boʻlgan nomaʼlum manbalarning chaqiriqlariga” amal qilmaslikka chaqirdi[10].

Al-Butiy Suriyada boshlangan namoyishlarni islomga zid deb qoralagan. Al-Butiy namoyishlar boshlanganidan ko'p o'tmay, prezident Asadni yuzlab ayol o'qituvchilarni hijob kiygani uchun ishdan bo'shatish to'g'risidagi qarori uchun tanqid qildi. Al-Butiyning tanqididan soʻng bu qaror prezident Asad tomonidan bekor qilindi[20].

Suiqasd

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Suiqasd paytida Al-Butiyning qo'lida Qur'on kitobi bo'lgan

Al-Butiy Damashq markazidagi Mazraa tumanidagi Al-Iman masjidida talabalarga diniy dars berayotganda o'ldirilgan[21]. Ma’lumotlarga koʻra, bombali hujumda kamida 42 kishi halok boʻlgan, 84 dan ortiq kishi jarohatlangan. Bu fuqarolar urushi paytida birinchi marta xudkush-terrorchining masjid ichida portlovchi moddalarni portlatib yuborishi edi[22].

Edinburg universitetining zamonaviy islom boʻyicha oʻqituvchisi Thomas Pierretning fikricha, Al-Butiyning oʻlimi Suriya hukumati uchun „sunniy diniy elita orasidagi soʻnggi ishonchli ittifoqchi”ni yoʻqotganini anglatadi. Pierretning ta'kidlashicha, Al-Butiy "dunyodagi haqiqiy musulmon olim" edi[23].

Hujum uchun mas'uliyatni hech kim zimmasiga olgani yo'q, hukumat ham, muxolifat ham hujumni qoralab, bir-birini ushbu jinoyatni sodir etganlikda aybladi. Muxolifat kuchlari orasida masjid ichidagi xudkush terrorchi tomonidan "taniqli din arbobi ... nishonga olinishiga shubha va hayrat" bor edi[24].

Ishlar

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Al-Butiy 60 ga yaqin diniy va falsafiy kitoblarni (arab tilida) nashr ettirgan[25]. Uning aksariyat falsafiy asarlari „Dor al-Fikr” tomonidan nashr etilgan:

Tanlangan kitoblarga quyidagilar kiradi:

    • نقض أوهام المادية الجدلية (Illusions of Dialectical Materialism)
    • المذاهب التوحيدية والفلسفات المعاصرة (Monotheistic Schools and Contemporary Philosophies)
    • كبرى اليقينيات الكونية :وجود الخالق و وظيفة المخلوق (The Greatest Universal Sureties: The Creator's Existence and the Creature's Function)
    • أوربة من التقنية إلى الروحانية – مشكلة الجسر المقطوع (Europe from Technology to Spiritual Life – The problem of a broken bridge)[26]
    • حوار حول مشكلات حضارية (Dialogue About Civilizational Issues)
    • فقه السيرة النبوية مع موجز لتاريخ الخلافة الراشدة (The Jurisprudence of the Prophetic Biography and a Brief History of the Rightly guided Caliphate)
    • (لحوار سبيل التعايش (ندوات الفكر المعاصر (Dialogue Among Civilizations : The Way for Coexistence (seminars about contemporary thought))[26]
    • المذهب الاقتصادي بين الشيوعية والإسلام (Economic Theory Between Communism and Islam)[26]
    • قضايا فقهية معاصرة. (Contemporary Jurisprudential Issues) (two volumes)
    • المذاهب التوحيدية والفلسفات المعاصرة (Monotheistic Religions and Modern Philosophies)
    • باكورة اعمالي الفكرية (The Early fruits of My Intellectual Works)
    • منهج الحضارة الإنسانية في القرآن (Methodology of Human Civilization in the Koran)
    • (الإسلام والعصر تحديات وآفاق (حوارات لقرن جديد (Islam and Modern Age: Challenges and Prospects (Dialogues for a New Century))
    • (التغيير مفهومه وطرائقه (ندوات الفكر المعاصر (The Change, its Concept and Modalities (Modern Thought Seminars))
    • دور الأديان في السلام العالمي (The Role of Religions in World Peace)
    • حقائق عن نشأة القومية (Facts about the Emergence of Nationalism)
    • المرأة بين طغيان النظام الغربي ولطائف التشريع الرباني (Women: The Tyranny of the Western System and the Kindness in Divine Legislation)
    • هذا والدي (This Is My Father) (a biography of Mulla Ramadan Al-Bouti)
    • مموزين (Momo Zein) (a Kurdish novel by Ahmede Khani
    • الجهاد في الإسلام: كيف نفهمه؟ وكيف نمارسه؟ (The Jihad in Islam: How Should We Understand? And How Should We Practice?)
    • الإنسان مسير أم مخير (Human beings between compatibilism and determinism)
    • هذه مشكلاتهم (These Are Their Problems)
    • عائشة: ام المؤمنين (Aisha: Mother of Believers)
    • في سبيل الله والحق (In the Sake of God and Rightness)
    • الحِكم العطائية شرح وتحليل (Al-Attaúah Advices, Explanation, and Analysis) (4 volumes)
    • مشورات اجتماعية (Social advices)
    • هذا ما قلته أمام بعض الرؤساء والملوك (That's What I Said to Some presidents and Kings)
    • التعرف على الذات هو الطريق المعبد إلى الإسلام (The recognition of self is a Paved Way to Islam)
    • من روائع القرآن الكريم (Some Masterpieces of the Holy Koran)
    • شخصيات استوقفتني (Personalities That attracted my observation)

Televizion dasturlar:

  • لا يأتيه الباطل – Shoam kanali / Sani'ou al Qarar kanali
  • Qur'onshunoslik, Suriya sun'iy yo'ldosh televideniesi
  • شرح كتاب كبرى اليقينيات الكونية – "Al Kalaam al Tayyeb" serialida – Al-Resalah sun'iy yo'ldosh TV
  • مشاهد وعبر – Al-Resalah sun'iy yo'ldosh televideniesi
  • فقه السيرة – Iqraa TV
  • شرح الحكم العطائية – So'fiya kanali.
  • الجديد في إعجاز القرآن الكريم– Iqraa TV
  • هذا هو الجهاد– Azhari telekanali.

Manbalar

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  1. ↑ Miriam Cooke and Bruce B. Lawrence, Muslim Networks from Hajj to Hip Hop, p 259. ISBN 080785588X
  2. ↑ Andreas Christmann , 'Islamic scholar and religious leader: A portrait of Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Būti', Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (Publisher: Routledge), Vol. 9, No. 2, (1998) p. 150.
  3. ↑ Zekeriya Budak, Islamic Jurisprudence for Muslims in the West (2011), Leiden, p. 19.
  4. ↑ Al-Bouti, M.S.R., Hâdhâ Wâlidi: al-Qissa al-Kâmila li hayât al-Shaykh mullah Ramadân al-Buti min wilâdatihi ilâ wafâtihi, Damascus, Dar Al-Fikr, 8th edition, 2006, p. 13.
  5. ↑ Sedgwick, Mark. The Modernity of Neo-Traditionalist Islam. Brill, 2020-02-28. ISBN 978-90-04-42557-6. 
  6. ↑ Thomas Pierret, Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution, p 79. ISBN 1107026415
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Andreas Christmann, 'Islamic scholar and religious leader: A portrait of Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Būti', Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (Publisher: Routledge), Vol. 9, No. 2, (1998) p. 155.
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 „Sheikh al-Bouti, the Syrian Sunni cleric who stood by Assad“. Al Arabiya (2013-yil 22-mart), s. 1.
  9. ↑ John L. Esposito. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press, 2004 — 48-bet. ISBN 978-0-1997-5726-8. 
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Sheikh al-Bouti, the Syrian Sunni cleric who stood by Assad alarabiya.net| 22 March 2013
  11. ↑ „Dr M. Saeed Ramadan Al Bouti“. Facebook (2005-yil 27-oktyabr).
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 „Bouti, Prominent Sunni Muslim Scholar“. onislam.net (2013-yil 22-mart).
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Andreas Christmann, 'Islamic scholar and religious leader: A portrait of Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Būti', Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (Publisher: Routledge), Vol.
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 14,2 „Quran award recognises Al Bouti's contributions“. GulfNews.com (2004-yil 5-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-iyun.
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Pierret. „Syrian Regime Loses Last Credible Ally among the Sunni Ulama“. 22 March 2013. Syrian Comment (2013-yil 22-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 24-mart.
  16. ↑ „The Royal Aal al-Bayt Institute for Islamic Thought“. Aalalbayt.org. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-iyun.
  17. ↑ „Islamic scholar rejects terror tag for holy war“. GulfNews.com (2002-yil 26-aprel). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-iyun.
  18. ↑ „The Senior Scholars Council – About Us“. Tabah Foundation (2008-yil 13-yanvar). 2013-yil 3-dekabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-iyun.
  19. ↑ Andreas Christmann, 'Islamic scholar and religious leader: A portrait of Shaykh Muhammad Sa'id Ramadan al-Būti', Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations (Publisher: Routledge), Vol.
  20. ↑ Phil Sands. „Thousands grieve for murdered Syrian imam who supported Assad“. thenational.ae (2013-yil 24-mart).
  21. ↑ Karam, Zeina. „Sheikh Mohammad Said Ramadan Al Buti, Syrian Pro-Assad Cleric, Killed in Damascus Bombing“. Huff Post (2013-yil 21-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 23-mart.
  22. ↑ Pierret. „Syrian Regime Loses Last Credible Ally among the Sunni Ulama“. Syria Comment (2013-yil 22-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 16-noyabr.
  23. ↑ Pierret. „Syrian Regime Loses Last Credible Ally among the Sunni Ulama“. Syria Comment (2013-yil 22-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 16-noyabr.
  24. ↑ Karam, Zeina. „Sheikh Mohammad Said Ramadan Al Buti, Syrian Pro-Assad Cleric, Killed in Damascus Bombing“. Huff Post (2013-yil 21-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 23-mart.
  25. ↑ Karam, Zeina. „Sheikh Mohammad Said Ramadan Al Buti, Syrian Pro-Assad Cleric, Killed in Damascus Bombing“. Huff Post (2013-yil 21-mart). Qaraldi: 2013-yil 23-mart.
  26. ↑ 26,0 26,1 26,2 „Quran award recognises Al Bouti's contributions“. GulfNews.com (2004-yil 5-oktyabr). Qaraldi: 2014-yil 5-iyun.

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