Foydalanuvchi:Mirishkorlik/Maqolalar
| Eron Oliy davlati forscha: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân | |||||||||
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| Madhiya (1873—1909-yillar) „Salâm-e Šâh“ „Shohga salomlar boʻlsin“ (1909—1925-yillar) „Salâmati-ye Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân“ „Oliy Eron davlatiga salom boʻlsin“ | |||||||||
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| Poytaxti | Tehron | ||||||||
| Til(lar)i | forscha (sud va fuqarolik boshqaruvining rasmiy tili, adabiyot)[1][2] ozarbayjoncha (saroy va armiya tili)[3][4][5][6][7] | ||||||||
| Dini | шиизм (как государственная религия) другие религии: суннизм, суфизм, иудаизм, зороастризм, христианство, бахаи, мандеизм | ||||||||
| Pul birligi | персидский туман (1789–1825), кран (1825–1925)[8] | ||||||||
| Maydoni | 1,300,000 км² (1873) | ||||||||
| Boshqaruv shakli | absolyut monarxiya (1785–1906) konstitutsion monarxiya (1906–1925) | ||||||||
| Sulola | Qojarlar | ||||||||
 Shoh | |||||||||
| - 1796—1797 | Ogʻa Muhammadshoh | ||||||||
| - 1797—1834 | Fath Ali | ||||||||
| - 1834—1848 | Muhammadshoh | ||||||||
| - 1848—1896 | Насер ад-Дин | ||||||||
| - 1896—1907 | Мозафереддин | ||||||||
| - 1907—1909 | Мохаммад Али | ||||||||
| - 1909—1925 | Султан Ахмад | ||||||||
| - 1906—1907 | Мирза Насрулла Хан | ||||||||
| - 1923—1925 | Реза Пехлеви | ||||||||
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Vaqt jadvali Eron portal |
Qojar Eroni (ⓘ) (Qojar Forsi[9] (forscha: شاهنشاهی قاجار Šāhanšāhi-ye Qājār)[lower-alpha 1], Qojar imperiyasi, rasman Eron Oliy davlati (forscha: دولت علیّه ایران Dowlat-e 'Aliyye-ye Irân) kabi nomlari bilan tanilgan) – asli turkiy va xuddi shu nomdagi qojar qabilasidan kelib chiqqan[10][11][12][13] Qojar sulolasi tomonidan boshqarilgan fors davlati. Davlat 1789-yildan 1925-yilgacha mavjud boʻlgan[14][15]. Qojarlar 1794-yilda Forsni toʻliq nazorat qilib, Zendlar sulolasining soʻnggi shohi Lutf Alishohni taxtdan agʻdarib, Kavkazning katta qismlarida Fors suverenitetini qayta tiklaganlar. 1796-yilda Ogʻa Muhammadshoh Qojar Mashhadni osonlik bilan egallab[16], Afshoriylar sulolasini tugatib, gruzinlarga qarshi jazo kampaniyasidan soʻng rasman taxtga oʻtirgan. Kavkazda Qojarlar sulolasi XIX asrda Rossiya imperiyasi tomonidan bosib olingan Forsning koʻplab ajralmas hududlarini, jumladan, hozirgi Gruziya, Dogʻiston, Ozarbayjon va Armaniston hududlarini butunlay qoʻldan boy bergan[17][18]. Hududiy yoʻqotishlarga qaramay, Qojar Eroni oʻzining siyosiy mustaqilligini saqlab, Eronda podshohlar qudratini oshiradi[19].
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- ↑ Homa Katouzian, "Iranian history and politics", Published by Routledge, 2003. pg 128: Original matn (ingl.)
"Indeed, since the formation of the Ghaznavids state in the tenth century until the fall of Qajars at the beginning of the twentieth century, most parts of the Iranian cultural regions were ruled by Turkic-speaking dynasties most of the time. At the same time, the official language was Persian, the court literature was in Persian, and most of the chancellors, ministers, and mandarins were Persian speakers of the highest learning and ability"
- ↑ Homa Katouzian, State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis, published by I. B. Tauris, 2006. pg 327: Original matn (ingl.)
"In post-Islamic times, the mother-tongue of Iran's rulers was often Turkic, but Persian was almost invariably the cultural and administrative language."
- ↑ Ch. E. Davies, «Qajar rule in Fars prior to 1849» "On the next day it became known at Shiraz that Muhammad Shāh’s army consisted of Āzarbaijanī Turks who did not know Persian and had a European general."
- ↑ Denis Wright. The English Amongst the Persians: Imperial Lives in Nineteenth-Century Iran
- ↑ Ardabil Becomes a Province: Center-Periphery Relations in Iran, H. E. Chehabi, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 29, No. 2 (May, 1997), 235 : Original matn (ingl.)
Azeri Turkish was widely spoken at the two courts in addition to Persian, and Mozaffareddin Shah (r.1896-1907) spoke Persian with an Azeri Turkish accent....
- ↑ "AZERBAIJAN x. Azeri Turkish Literature ( at www.iranicaonline.org Error: unknown archive URL 20130201033259 sanasida arxivlangan)". Encyclopaedia Iranica. May 24, 2012. Retrieved 20 October 2013.; Original matn (ingl.)
In the 19th century under the Qajars, when Turkish was used at court once again, literary activity was intensified.
- ↑ Б. П. Балаян, «К вопросу об общности этногенеза шахсевен и кашкайцев»
- ↑ علیاصغر شمیم، ایران در دوره سلطنت قاجار، تهران: انتشارات علمی، ۱۳۷۱، ص ۲۸۷
- ↑ „Early Qajar Persia appeared to ...“. 2020-yil 26-mayda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2020-yil 8-sentyabr.
- ↑ Cyrus Ghani. Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power, I. B. Tauris, 2000, ISBN 1-86064-629-8, p. 1.
- ↑ William Bayne Fisher. Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 344, ISBN 0-521-20094-6
- ↑ Parviz Kambin. A History of the Iranian Plateau: Rise and Fall of an Empire, Universe, 2011, p.36, online edition ( at books.google.com Error: unknown archive URL 20200819234348 sanasida arxivlangan).
- ↑ Jamie Stokes and Anthony Gorman // Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East, 2010, p. 707, Online Edition ( at books.google.com Error: unknown archive URL 20200819221522 sanasida arxivlangan): «The Safavid and Qajar dynasties, rulers in Iran from 1501 to 1722 and from 1795 to 1925 respectively, were Turkic in origin.»
- ↑ Abbas Amanat. The Pivot of the Universe: Nasir Al-Din Shah Qajar and the Iranian Monarchy, 1831—1896, I. B. Tauris, pp 2—3; «In the 126 years between the fall of the Safavid state in 1722 and the accession of Nasir al-Din Shah, the Qajars evolved from a shepherd-warrior tribe with strongholds in northern Iran into a Persian dynasty.»
- ↑ Choueiri, Youssef M. A companion to the history of the Middle East. — Blackwell Ltd., 2005, pp. 231, 516.
- ↑ H. Scheel; Jaschke, Gerhard; H. Braun; Spuler, Bertold; T Koszinowski; Bagley, Frank. Muslim World. Brill Archive, 1981 — 65, 370 bet. ISBN 978-90-04-06196-5.
- ↑ Fisher, Avery, Hambly, Melville 1991.
- ↑ Mikaberidze 2015, ss. 728–730.
- ↑ Amanat 2017, s. 177.
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