Pied lochin

Pied lochin — (Microhierax melanoleucos) yirtqich qushlar turkumiga kiruvchi hisoblanadi. Bangladesh, Butan, Xitoy, Hon kong, Hindiston, Laos va Vetnam kabi davlat hududlarida uchratish mumkin. Uning tabiiy yashash joyi mo'tadil iqlimga ega bo'lgan o'rmonlar sanladi.

Ushbu yirtqich qush hayvonlar Microheriax jinsiga tegishli bo'lib, u dunyodagi eng kichik yirtqich qush turlarini o'z ichiga oladi. Pied lochin, shuningdek, oq oyoqli lochin nomi bilan ham tanilgan^[1], eski o'rmon bo'shliqlaridagi uyalarda yashaydi. B turlari keng tarqalganligi va barqaror populyatsiyasi tufayli eng kam tashvishlanadigan ro'yxatga olingan^[2].

Tavsifi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Pied lochin — bu kichik qora va oq yirtqich hayvon bo'lib, uning o'lchami 7-7 ½ dyuym va og'irligi 55 dan 75 g gacha bo'lar ekan. Biroq, u hali ham Microhierax jinsining boshqa vakillaridan kattaroq hisoblanadi^[3]. Uning yuzi oq rangga ega bo'lib, ko'zlarni qoplagan ko'zga tashlanadigan qora dog'lar bilan sarg'ish tumshug'i bilan quloq qopqog'iga etib borgan holda joylashgan. Yuqori qismlar, shu jumladan toj, butunlay qora rangga ega. Praymerizlar oq qanotli chiziqlar bilan qora rangda. Uning uzun dumi qora ustki qismlariga ega va pastdan oq chiziqlar bilan qora^[3]^[4]. Pied lochin jinsiy dimorfizmni ko'rsatmaydi va o'smirlar katta yoshli erkaklarga juda o'xshab ketar ekan^[5].

Microheriax turkumiga mansub besh turi Falconiformes turkumining eng kichik vakillari hisoblanadi. Ular Microhierax jinsiga kiruvchi boshqa yirtqich qushlarga nisbatan juda aniq morfologiyaga ega bo'lsalar ham, ular juda o'xshash hisoblanadi. Bular M. fringillarius va M. latifrons bundan mustasno allopatrik turlar bo'lib, asosan, jins ichidagi morfologik o'xshashliklari mavjud^[6]. M. melanoleucos bu boshqa a'zolardan oq sonlari va kashtan rangi yo'qligi bilan ajralib turadi. Ba'zida ularni Ashy Woodswallow (Artamus fuscus) bilan adashtirishadi, ammo Pied falconet Ashy Woodswallowda ko'rinadigan kulrang-kul rangga nisbatan qoraroq ustki qismlarga ega^[5].

Taksonomiyasi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Pied lochinlar Falconiformes turkumidagi Falconidae oilasiga mansub. Falconidae oilasi ikki kenja turkumga boʻlinadi, Herpetotherinae va Falconinae kabi turkumlarga bo'lingan. Keyin Falconinae kenja oilasi ham ikki qabilaga bo'linadi. Caracini besh neotropik avlodni o'z ichiga oladi: Daptrius, Ibycter, Milvago, Caracara va Phalcoboenus. Falconini turkumiga Polihierax, Falco, Spiziaptteryx va Microhierax avlodlari kiradi^[7]. Polihierax va Microhierax turkumiga mansub turlar dunyodagi eng kichik kunduzgi yirtqichlar hisoblanadi^[8]. Pied falconet Microhierax jinsidagi besh turdan biridir. Ushbu turning boshqa to'rt turi^[9]:

Yoqali falconet, Microheriax caerulescens
Qora sonli falconet, Microhierax fringillarius
Oq yuzli lochin, Microhiera latifrons
Filippin falconet, Microhierax erythrogenys

Yashash joyi va tarqalishi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Pied lochin Hindistonning shimoli-sharqiy qismidan sharqiy Xitoy va janubi-sharqiy Osiyoga to'g'ri keladi. Ular bargli oʻrmon chekkalarida va oʻrmonli togʻ etaklarida boʻshliqlarda uchraydi^[10]. Bu tur qirg'oqlar va oqimli eski dehqon yerlari kabi tozalashni yaxshi ko'radi. Ular odatda daraxt tepalarida o'tirib, vaqti-vaqti bilan o'lja olish uchun uchib ketishadi. Bu ko'chmanchi qushlar emas, ular bir xil hududda yilning ko'p qismida yashaydigan turlari sanaladi^[5]^[10].

Xulq-atvori[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Vokalizatsiya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Bu tur xirillagan, baland ovozda qichqiriq va xirillagan hushtak chiqaradi^[3]. Urug'lanish mavsumida erkak juftlashdan oldin ayolga uchrashish harakati sifatida tez qo'ng'iroqlarni chiqaradi. Qo'ng'iroq baland va hayajonli boshlanadi va keyin ayol juftlashishga qaror qilguncha sekinlashadi. Shundan so'ng, erkak yana bir necha soniya qo'ng'iroq qilishni davom ettiradi^[11].

Galereya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Kaziranga milliy bog'i, Assam, Hindiston
Pied lochin
Kaziranga milliy bog'i, Assam, Hindiston

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ Ramsay., MacKinnon, John. A field guide to the birds of China, Phillipps, Karen., He, Fen-qi., New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0198549413. OCLC 42597710.
↑ BirdLife International (2016). "Microhierax melanoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22696339A93556011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696339A93556011.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Brazil, Mark. Birds of East Asia: China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Russia (en). A&C Black, 2009-01-01. ISBN 9780691139265.
↑ Caldwell, Harry R.. South China Birds. Shanghai: H.M. Vanderburgh, 1931 — 250–251 bet.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 Brown, Lesilie. Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.
↑ KEMP, ALAN C.; CROWE, TIMOTHY M. (2008-06-28). „Morphometrics of falconets and hunting behaviour of the Black-thighed Falconet Microhierax fringillarius“. Ibis (inglizcha). 136-jild, № 1. 44–49-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1994.tb08130.x. ISSN 0019-1019.
↑ Griffiths, Carole S.; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G.; Mertz, Lisa (2004-07-01). „Phylogeny of the Falconidae (Aves): a comparison of the efficacy of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data“. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (inglizcha). 32-jild, № 1. 101–109-bet. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.019. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 15186800.
↑ Griffiths, Carole S. (1999). „Phylogeny of the Falconidae Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Data“. The Auk. 116-jild, № 1. 116–130-bet. doi:10.2307/4089459. JSTOR 4089459.
↑ British Museum. Department of Zoology. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, London, 1874.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 Grimmett, Richard. Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, Inskipp, Carol, 1948-, Inskipp, Tim., 2nd, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780691153490. OCLC 773987289.
↑ Allen, Desmond; Holt, Paul I; Hornbuckle, Jon (2002). „Leaf-presenting as possible courtship behaviour by Pied Falconets Microhierax melanoleucos“. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 99-jild, № 3. 518–520-bet.

Havolalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

[:6-1] Ramsay., MacKinnon, John. A field guide to the birds of China, Phillipps, Karen., He, Fen-qi., New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 978-0198549413. OCLC 42597710.

[iucn_status_13_November_2021-2] BirdLife International (2016). "Microhierax melanoleucos". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22696339A93556011. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22696339A93556011.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.

[:0-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Brazil, Mark. Birds of East Asia: China, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Russia (en). A&C Black, 2009-01-01. ISBN 9780691139265.

[:1-4] Caldwell, Harry R.. South China Birds. Shanghai: H.M. Vanderburgh, 1931 — 250–251 bet.

[:4-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 Brown, Lesilie. Eagles, hawks and falcons of the world. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968.

[:2-6] KEMP, ALAN C.; CROWE, TIMOTHY M. (2008-06-28). „Morphometrics of falconets and hunting behaviour of the Black-thighed Falconet Microhierax fringillarius“. Ibis (inglizcha). 136-jild, № 1. 44–49-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919x.1994.tb08130.x. ISSN 0019-1019.

[7] Griffiths, Carole S.; Barrowclough, George F.; Groth, Jeff G.; Mertz, Lisa (2004-07-01). „Phylogeny of the Falconidae (Aves): a comparison of the efficacy of morphological, mitochondrial, and nuclear data“. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (inglizcha). 32-jild, № 1. 101–109-bet. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.11.019. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 15186800.

[8] Griffiths, Carole S. (1999). „Phylogeny of the Falconidae Inferred from Molecular and Morphological Data“. The Auk. 116-jild, № 1. 116–130-bet. doi:10.2307/4089459. JSTOR 4089459.

[9] British Museum. Department of Zoology. Catalogue of the Birds in the British Museum, London, 1874.

[:5-10] 10,0 ^10,1 Grimmett, Richard. Birds of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives, Inskipp, Carol, 1948-, Inskipp, Tim., 2nd, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780691153490. OCLC 773987289.

[:3-11] Allen, Desmond; Holt, Paul I; Hornbuckle, Jon (2002). „Leaf-presenting as possible courtship behaviour by Pied Falconets Microhierax melanoleucos“. J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 99-jild, № 3. 518–520-bet.

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