Kiyiklar

Kiyiklar
	Yevropa erkak kiyigi
Muhofaza maqomi
	; Kamayib ketish xavfi ostida
Biologik klassifikatsiya
Olam:	Hayvonlar;
Kenja olam:	Eumetazoa;
Tip:	Xordalilar;
Kenja tip:	Umurtqalilar;
Sinf:	Sutemizuvchilar;
Turkum:	Artiodactyla;
Kenja turkum:	Kavshovchilar;
Infraturkum:	Pecora;
Oila:	Bugʻusimonlar;
Kenja oila:	Asl bugʻusimonlar;
Urugʻ:	Kiyiklar;
Binar nomi
	Dama; Frisch, 1775
	; Kiyiklar tarqalish hududi

Kiyiklar (lot. Dama) — bugʻusimonlar oilasining asl bug‘ular ostoilasiga mansub urug‘. Bu urug‘ ikkta zamonaviy turni oʻz ichiga oladi, Yevropa kiyigi va Eron kiyigi.

Tashqi koʻrinishi

Eron kiyigi o‘rtacha vazni 70–140 kilogramm^[1], balandligi 80–110 santimetr atrofida bo‘ladi. Yevropa kiyigi esa o‘rtacha 35–80 kilogramm vaznga ega^[1], uzunligi 130–160 santimetr, balandligi 75–95 santimetr atrofida bo‘ladi^[2].

Yungining tusi yil fasliga qarab oʻzgaradi. Yozda tepa va yon qisimlar yungi qizgish-qoʻngʻir tusga kiradi va och dogʻlar paydo boʻladi. Pastgi qismi va oyoqlari oq tusga kiradi. Qishda tepa va yon qisimlar toʻq-qoʻngʻir, deyarli qora tusga kiradi, pastgi qismi esa kulrang boʻladi.

Tarqalishi

Yevropa kiyigi — Anatoliya, Bolqon yarim oroli, Apennin yarim orolida tarixan tarqalgan deb taxmin qilinadi. Keyinchalik Italya hududidan butun Yevropaga tarqalib ketgan^[3].

Eron kiyigi — Eron va Isroilda tarqalgan. Qadimda butun Mesopotamiya boylab uchragan^[4].

Klassifikatsiyasi

Urug‘ ayrim mualliflar fikriga ko‘ra bitta tur va ikkta ostturdan iborat^[5]. Boshqalar esa ikkta alohida turni ajratishadi^[6].

Tashqi koʻrinishi	Nomi	Lotincha nomi	Ostturlari
Kiyiklar urugʻi (Dama)
	Kiyik	Dama dama	Yevropa kiyigi (D. d. dama) Eron kiyigi (D. d. mesopotamica)

Manbalar

1 2 van der Made, Jan; Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José; Martos, Juan Antonio; Gamarra, Jesús; Rubio-Jara, Susana; Panera, Joaquín; Yravedra, José (2023-03-14). „The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two-pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology“. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (inglizcha). 15-jild, № 4. 41-bet. doi:10.1007/s12520-023-01734-3. ISSN 1866-9565.
↑ Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645
↑ Baker, K. H.; Gray, H. W. I.; Lister, A. M.; Spassov, N.; Welch, A. J.; Trantalidou, K.; De Cupere, B.; Bonillas, E.; De Jong, M. (2024-02-12). „Ancient and modern DNA track temporal and spatial population dynamics in the European fallow deer since the Eemian interglacial“. Scientific Reports. 14-jild, № 1. 3015-bet. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48112-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10861457. PMID 38346983. {{cite magazine}}: Check |pmc= value (yordam); Check |pmid= value (yordam)
↑ Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Том 1 Mammal Species of the World Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Don E. Wilson, ISBN 0801882214, 9780801882210
↑ Wilson D. E. & Reeder D. M.. Mammal Species of the World. ISBN 0801882214.
↑ Daujat, Julie; Rabiei, Alireza; Saltz, David; Baker, Karis; Noam Werner (IUCN SSC Deer SG / General Curator EAZA Deer TAG Chair, The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dama mesopotamica. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

Hayvon haqidagi ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.

[:0-1] 1 2 van der Made, Jan; Rodríguez-Alba, Juan José; Martos, Juan Antonio; Gamarra, Jesús; Rubio-Jara, Susana; Panera, Joaquín; Yravedra, José (2023-03-14). „The fallow deer Dama celiae sp. nov. with two-pointed antlers from the Middle Pleistocene of Madrid, a contemporary of humans with Acheulean technology“. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences (inglizcha). 15-jild, № 4. 41-bet. doi:10.1007/s12520-023-01734-3. ISSN 1866-9565.

[2] Burnie D and Wilson DE (Eds.), Animal: The Definitive Visual Guide to the World's Wildlife. DK Adult (2005), ISBN 0789477645

[3] Baker, K. H.; Gray, H. W. I.; Lister, A. M.; Spassov, N.; Welch, A. J.; Trantalidou, K.; De Cupere, B.; Bonillas, E.; De Jong, M. (2024-02-12). „Ancient and modern DNA track temporal and spatial population dynamics in the European fallow deer since the Eemian interglacial“. Scientific Reports. 14-jild, № 1. 3015-bet. doi:10.1038/s41598-023-48112-6. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 10861457. PMID 38346983. {{cite magazine}}: Check |pmc= value (yordam); Check |pmid= value (yordam)

[4] Don E. Wilson, DeeAnn M. Reeder Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Том 1 Mammal Species of the World Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Don E. Wilson, ISBN 0801882214, 9780801882210

[5] Wilson D. E. & Reeder D. M.. Mammal Species of the World. ISBN 0801882214.

[6] Daujat, Julie; Rabiei, Alireza; Saltz, David; Baker, Karis; Noam Werner (IUCN SSC Deer SG / General Curator EAZA Deer TAG Chair, The Tisch Family Zoological Gardens. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Dama mesopotamica. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species

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