23-G8 sammiti

23-G8 sammiti; Rambouillet II; Puerto-Rikodagi iqtisodiy sammit
Mezbon davlat	AQSh
Sana	1976-yil 27-28-iyun
Oʻtkaziladigan joy(lar)	Dorado Beach Hotel (hozirgi Dorado Beach Resort)
Keyingi	22-G7 sammiti
Avvalgi	24-G8 sammiti

23-G8 sammiti 1997-yil 20–22-iyun kunlari Coloradodagi Denvar shaxrida boʻlib oʻtdi^[1]. Sammit uchrashuvlari uchun joy deb Puerto-Rikoning San-Juan yaqinida joylashgan Dorado Beach mehmonxonasi, hozirgi Dorado Beach Resort tanlandi^[2]^[3].

Avval Katta oltilik sanoati rivojlangan eng boy mamlakatlar: Fransiya, Gʻarbiy Germaniya, Italiya, Yaponiya, Buyuk Britaniya va Qoʻshma Shtatlar rahbarlari va ilk bor ishtirok etayotgan Kanadani birlashtirgan norasmiy forum edi^[4]. Ushbu sammit va undan keyin boʻladigan boshqa sammitlar kengroq xalqaro institutlar bilan rasmiy ravishda bogʻlanishi kerak emas edi. Va aslida, boshqa xalqaro uchrashuvlarning qatʼiy qarorlari sababli oʻziga xos umidsizlikka uchragan Fransiya prezidenti va Gʻarbiy Germaniya kansleri oʻrtasidagi hamkorlikning natijasi oʻlaroq tashkil etilgan edi^[5].

Sammitda ishtirok etgan rahbarlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

G8 Kanada, Fransiya, Gʻarbiy Germaniya, Italiya, Yaponiya, Buyuk Britaniya, va AQSh rahbarlarining norasmiy yillik forumidir.

G8 sammiti Birlashgan Qirollik bosh vaziri Tony Blair uchun birinchi sammit boʻldi va ushbu sammitga Kanada qoʻshilganligi sababli Kanada Bosh vaziri Pierre Trudeau ham ishtirok etdi.

Sammitning birinchi sessiyasi soat 16:15 da boshlanib, 19:05 da yakunlangan boʻlsa, ikkinchi, soʻnggi sessiysa 9:00 dan 11:30 gacha rejalashtirilgan boʻlsada^[6], yetakchilarning nutqi soat 15:00gacha davom etdi^[2]. Har ikkala sessiya Dorado Beach mehmonxonasining Del Mar salonida boʻlib oʻtdi^[6].

Ishtirokchilar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Ushbu sammit ishtirokchilari xalqaro forumning hozirgi asosiy aʼzolaridir^[7]^[8]^[9]. Kanadalik Trudeau sakkiz yillik tajribaga ega boʻlgani uchun taklif qilingan edi.

Aʼzolar		Vakil	Lavozimi
G8 sammiti ishtirokchilari Mezbon davlat va yetakchisi qalin matn bilan koʻrsatilgan.
	Kanada	Jean Chrétien	Bosh vazir
	Fransiya	Jacques Chirac	Prezident
	Gʻarbiy Germaniya	Helmut Kohl	Kansler
	Italiya	Romano Prodi	Bosh vazir
	Yaponiya	Ryutaro Hashimoto	Bosh vazir
	Birlashgan Qirollik	Tony Blair	Bosh vazir
	Qoʻshma Shtatlar	Bill Clinton	Prezident
	Yevropa Ittifoqi	Wim Kok
	Rossiya	Boris Yeltsin

Koʻrib chiqilgan masalalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Sammit uning aʼzolari oʻrtasidagi kelishmovchiliklarni hal qilish imkoniyat sifatida koʻrilgan. Amalda, sammit, shuningdek, uning aʼzolari uchun qiyin iqtisodiy qarorlar oldida bir-birlariga oʻzaro dalda berish imkoniyati sifatida oʻylab topilgan^[5].

Galereya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Fayl:Boris Nikolaevich Yelsin-1 (cropped) (cropped).jpg

Yana qarang[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

G8

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 US Embassy in Japan: Chronology, June 1976; (Wayback Machine saytida 2010-07-15 sanasida arxivlangan) Shabecoff, Philip. "Go-Slow Policies Urged by Leaders in Economic Talks; Closing Statement Calls for Sustained Growth Coupled With Curbs on Inflation; Ford’s Aims Realized; 7 Heads of Government Also Agree to Consider a New Body to Assist Italy Co-Slow Economic Policies Urged by 7 Leaders, " New York Times. June 29, 1976; excerpt, „SAN JUAN, P. R., June 28 President Ford and six other leaders of industrial democracies announced here today that they had agreed to pursue the objective of sustained economic growth…. The leaders met at the palm fringed Dorado Beach Resort near here.“
↑ Silk, Leonard. „New Economic Summit Has Political Air“. The New York Times (1976-yil 16-iyun), s. 68. 2018-yil 3-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 22-avgust.
↑ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders, " Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 – n.b., the G7 becomes the G8 with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.
↑ ^5,0 ^5,1 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
↑ ^6,0 ^6,1 „The Economic Summit at Puerto Rico, March 1976–January 1977“. Office of the Historian. 2021-yil 12-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 22-avgust.
↑ Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV), " (Wayback Machine saytida June 3, 2010, sanasida arxivlangan) Brookings. March 27, 2009; „core“ members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). (Wayback Machine saytida June 3, 2010, sanasida arxivlangan)
↑ Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past; although this article is named „2nd G7 summit“ because it is the second in a series of summits which will become continuing, it is actually the first time that the G7 meets
↑ MOFA: Summit (8); European Union: „EU and the G8“ (Wayback Machine saytida February 26, 2007, sanasida arxivlangan)

[j-mofa12-1] Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.

[:0-2] 2,0 ^2,1 US Embassy in Japan: Chronology, June 1976; (Wayback Machine saytida 2010-07-15 sanasida arxivlangan) Shabecoff, Philip. "Go-Slow Policies Urged by Leaders in Economic Talks; Closing Statement Calls for Sustained Growth Coupled With Curbs on Inflation; Ford’s Aims Realized; 7 Heads of Government Also Agree to Consider a New Body to Assist Italy Co-Slow Economic Policies Urged by 7 Leaders, " New York Times. June 29, 1976; excerpt, „SAN JUAN, P. R., June 28 President Ford and six other leaders of industrial democracies announced here today that they had agreed to pursue the objective of sustained economic growth…. The leaders met at the palm fringed Dorado Beach Resort near here.“

[3] Silk, Leonard. „New Economic Summit Has Political Air“. The New York Times (1976-yil 16-iyun), s. 68. 2018-yil 3-fevralda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 22-avgust.

[saunders1-4] Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders, " Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 – n.b., the G7 becomes the G8 with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.

[reinalda205-5] 5,0 ^5,1 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.

[:1-6] 6,0 ^6,1 „The Economic Summit at Puerto Rico, March 1976–January 1977“. Office of the Historian. 2021-yil 12-avgustda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 22-avgust.

[7] Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV), " (Wayback Machine saytida June 3, 2010, sanasida arxivlangan) Brookings. March 27, 2009; „core“ members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). (Wayback Machine saytida June 3, 2010, sanasida arxivlangan)

[j-mofa1-8] Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past; although this article is named „2nd G7 summit“ because it is the second in a series of summits which will become continuing, it is actually the first time that the G7 meets

[eu-9] MOFA: Summit (8); European Union: „EU and the G8“ (Wayback Machine saytida February 26, 2007, sanasida arxivlangan)

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k m t G6 / G7 / G8 sammitlari
G6 (1975)	1-G6 sammiti (Rambouillet 1975)
G7 (1976–1996)	2-G7 sammiti (Dorado 1976) 3-G7 sammiti (London 1977) 4-G7 sammiti (Bonn 1978) 5-G7 sammiti (Tokio 1979) 6-G7 sammiti (Venetsiya 1980) 7-G7 sammiti (Montebello 1981) 8-G7 sammiti (Versal 1982) 9-G7 sammiti (Williamsburg 1983) 10-G7 sammiti (London 1984) 11-G7 sammiti (Bonn 1985) 12-G7 sammiti (Tokio 1986) 13-G7 sammiti (Venetsiya 1987) 14-G7 sammiti (Toronto 1988) 15-G7 sammiti (Grande Arche 1989) 16-G7 sammiti (Houston 1990) 17-G7 sammiti (London 1991) 18-G7 sammiti (Munich 1992) 19-G7 sammiti (Tokio 1993) 20-G7 sammiti (Neapol 1994) 21-G7 sammiti (Galifaks 1995) 22-G7 sammiti (Lion 1996)
G8 (1997–2013)	23-G8 sammiti (Denver 1997) 24-G8 sammiti (Birmingem 1998) 25-G8 sammiti (Cologne 1999) 26-G8 sammiti 22-G8 sammiti (Kyusyu-Okinawa 2000) 27-G8 sammiti (Genuya 2001) 28-G8 sammiti (Kananaskis 2002) 29-G8 sammiti (Évian-les-Bains 2003) 30-G8 sammiti (Sea Island 2004) 31-G8 sammiti (Gleneagles 2005) 32-G8 sammiti (Saint Petersburg 2006) 33-G8 sammiti (Heiligendamm 2007) 34-G8 sammiti (Hokkaido-Toyako 2008) 35-G8 sammiti (L'Aquila 2009) 36-G8 sammiti (Huntsville 2010) 37-G8 sammiti (Deauville 2011) 38-G8 sammiti (Camp David 2012) 39-G8 sammiti (Lough Erne 2013)
G7 (2014–hozirgacha)	40-G7 sammiti (Brussel 2014) 41-G7 sammiti (Schloss Elmau 2015) 42-G7 sammiti (Ise-Shima 2016) 43-G7 sammiti (Taormina 2017) 44-G7 sammiti (La Malbaie 2018) 45-G7 sammiti (Biarritz 2019) ~~46-G7 sammiti (Camp David 2020)~~ 47-G7 sammiti (Carbis Bay 2021) 48-G7 sammiti (Schloss Elmau 2022) 49-G7 sammiti (Xirosima 2023)