Silicon vodiysi

Silicon vodiysi
Mintaqa
37°22′39″N 122°4′3″W
Mamlakat	AQSh
Shtat	Kaliforniya
Mintaqa	San Francisco boʻgʻozi
Vaqt mintaqasi	UTC-8, yozda UTC-7
Silicon vodiysi

Silicon vodiysi (Kremniy vodiysi) — bu Shimoliy Kaliforniyadagi San Francisco boʻgʻozidan janubdagi mintaqaning norasmiy nomi boʻlib, u yuqori texnologiyalar, innovatsiyalar va ijtimoiy media kompaniyalarining global markazi sifatida qaralmoqda. Geografik jihatdan u taxminan Santa Clara vodiysini qamrab oladi. Silicon vodiysidagi eng yirik shahar — Santa Jose shahri (bu shahar yirikligi boʻyicha Kaliforniyada uchinchi, AQShda oʻninchi oʻrinda) sanaladi. Silicon vodiysidagi boshqa yirik shaharlar qatoriga Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, Redwood City, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Menlo Park va Cupertino kabilar kiradi.

Mintaqaning nomi kremniyga asoslangan MOSFET hamda integral sxemalarni loyihalash va ishlab chiqarishga ixtisoslashgan qator kompaniyalar tashkil etilishidan kelib chiqadi. Hozirgi kunda ushbu mintaqada dunyodagi koʻplab yirik texnologik kompaniyalar, 30 dan oshiq Fortune 1000 roʻyxatidan oʻrin olgan kompaniyalarning shtab-kvartiralari hamda minglab startup (startap) kompaniyalari joylashgan. Silicon vodiysida kremniyga asoslangan integral mikrosxemalar, mikroprotsessor, mikrokompyuter va boshqa koʻplab texnologiyalar ixtiro qilingan. 2013-yilga kelib mintaqada 250 mingga yaqin texnologiya ishchilari ishlaydi.

Yirik shirkatlar

Apple Park (Cupertino)

Googleplex (Mountain View)

Cisco Systems (Santa Jose)

Intel (Santa Clara)

Silicon vodiysida minglab texnologik kompaniyalar mavjud boʻlib, Fortune 1000 roʻyxatidan oʻrin olganlar quyidagilardir:

• Adobe Inc.
• Advanced Micro Devices
• Agilent Technologies
• Alphabet Inc.
• Apple Inc.
• Applied Materials
• Cadence Design Systems
• Cisco Systems
• Cypress Semiconductor
• eBay
• Electronic Arts
• Facebook, Inc.
• Hewlett Packard Enterprise
• HP Inc.
• Intel
• Intuit
• Intuitive Surgical
• Juniper Networks
• KLA Corporation
• Lam Research
• Maxim Integrated
• NetApp
• Netflix
• Nvidia
• Oracle Corporation
• PayPal
• Salesforce
• Sanmina Corporation
• Square, Inc.
• Synnex
• Synopsys
• Tesla, Inc.
• Twitter
• Western Digital
• Xilinx

Adabiyotlar

Kitoblar

• Bronson, PoThe Nudist on the Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House, 2013.. ISBN 978-1-4481-8964-9. 
• Cringely, Robert X.Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins, 1996.. ISBN 978-0-88730-855-0. 
• English-Lueck, June AnneCultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press, 2002.. ISBN 978-0-8047-4429-4. 
• Hayes, DennisBehind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books, 1990.. ISBN 978-0-921689-62-1. 
• Kaplan, David A.The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins, 2000.. ISBN 978-0-688-17906-9. 
• Koepp, RobClusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons, 11-aprel 2003-yil.. ISBN 978-0-470-85566-9. 
• Lécuyer, Christophe LécuyerMaking Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2006.. ISBN 978-0-262-12281-8. 
• Levy, StevenHackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media, 2014.. ISBN 978-1-4493-8839-3. 
• O'Mara, Margaret PughCities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press, 2015.. ISBN 978-1-4008-6688-5. 
• Pellow, David NThe Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press, 2002.. ISBN 978-0-8147-6710-8. 
• Saxenian, AnnaLeeRegional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press, 1996.. ISBN 978-0-674-75340-2. 
• Scoville, ThomasSilicon Follies. Simon & Schuster, 2001.. ISBN 978-0-7434-1945-1. 
• Whiteley, CarolTechnology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association, 2002.. ISBN 978-0-9649217-1-9.  Arxivlandi 2019-12-04 Wayback Machine saytida.

Jurnallar va gazetalar

• Kantor, Jodi. „A Brand New World in Which Men Ruled“ (23-dekabr 2014-yil).
• Koenig, Neil. „Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?“, BBC News (9-fevral 2014-yil).
• Norr, Henry. „Growth of a Silicon Empire“ (27-dekabr 1999-yil).
• Palmer, Barbara. „Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond“ (4-fevral 2004-yil).
• Schulz, Thomas. „Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future“ (4-mart 2015-yil).
• Sturgeon, Timothy J. „Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be“. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000-yil dekabr..  Arxivlandi 2018-08-19 Wayback Machine saytida.
• Williams, James C. From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley. Sage Publications, 2013-yil dekabr. — s. 558–574. DOI:10.1177/0539018413497834. 

Havolalar

• Santa Clara: Kaliforniyaning tarixiy Silicon vodiysi — National Park Service (Milly bogʻ xizmati) vebsayti ^(ingl.)
• Silicon vodiysi— hujjatli eshittirish (2013-yil) ^(ingl.)