Silicon vodiysi

Silicon vodiysi
	Mintaqa
	37°22′12.0″N 122°2′24.0″W / 37.370000°N 122.040000°WKoordinatalari: 37°22′12.0″N 122°2′24.0″W / 37.370000°N 122.040000°W
Mamlakat	AQSh
Shtat	Kaliforniya
Mintaqa	San Francisco boʻgʻozi
Vaqt mintaqasi	UTC-8, yozda UTC-7
	Silicon vodiysi

Silicon vodiysi (Kremniy vodiysi) — bu Shimoliy Kaliforniyadagi San Francisco boʻgʻozidan janubdagi mintaqaning norasmiy nomi boʻlib, u yuqori texnologiyalar, innovatsiyalar, va ijtimoiy media kompaniyalarining global markazi sifatida qaralmoqda. Geografik jihatdan u taxminan Santa Clara vodiysini qamrab oladi. Silicon vodiysidagi eng yirik shahar — Santa Jose shahri (bu shahar yirikligi boʻyicha Kaliforniyada uchinchi, AQShda oʻninchi oʻrinda) sanaladi. Silicon vodiysidagi boshqa yirik shaharlar qatoriga Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, Redwood City, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Menlo Park va Cupertino kabilar kiradi.

Mintaqaning nomi kremniyga asoslangan MOSFET hamda integral sxemalarni loyihalash va ishlab chiqarishga ixtisoslashgan qator kompaniyalar tashkil etilishidan kelib chiqadi. Hozirgi kunda ushbu mintaqada dunyodagi koʻplab yirik texnologik kompaniyalar, 30 dan oshiq Fortune 1000 roʻyxatidan oʻrin olgan kompaniyalarning shtab-kvartiralari hamda minglab startup (startap) kompaniyalari joylashgan. Silicon vodiysida kremniyga asoslangan integral mikrosxemalar, mikroprotsessor, mikrokompyuter va boshqa koʻplab texnologiyalar ixtiro qilingan. 2013-yilga kelib mintaqada 250 mingga yaqin texnologiya ishchilari ishlaydi.

Yirik shirkatlar[tahrir]

Apple Park (Cupertino)

Googleplex (Mountain View)

Cisco Systems (Santa Jose)

Intel (Santa Clara)

Silicon vodiysida minglab texnologik kompaniyalar mavjud boʻlib, Fortune 1000 roʻyxatidan oʻrin olganlar quyidagilardir:

Manbalar[tahrir]

Adabiyotlar[tahrir]

Kitoblar[tahrir]

Bronson, Po (2013). The Nudist on the Lateshift: and Other Tales of Silicon Valley. Random House. ISBN 978-1-4481-8964-9.
Cringely, Robert X. (1996). Accidental Empires: How the boys of Silicon Valley make their millions, battle foreign competition, and still can't get a date. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-88730-855-0.
English-Lueck, June Anne (2002). Cultures@Silicon Valley. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-4429-4.
Hayes, Dennis (1990). Behind the Silicon Curtain: The Seductions of Work in a Lonely Era. Black Rose Books. ISBN 978-0-921689-62-1.
Kaplan, David A. (2000). The Silicon Boys: And Their Valleys Of Dreams. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-688-17906-9.
Koepp, Rob (April 11, 2003). Clusters of Creativity: Enduring Lessons on Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Silicon Valley and Europe's Silicon Fen. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-85566-9.
Lécuyer, Christophe Lécuyer (2006). Making Silicon Valley: Innovation and the Growth of High Tech, 1930–1970. Chemical Heritage Foundation. ISBN 978-0-262-12281-8.
Levy, Steven (2014). Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. O'Reilly Media. ISBN 978-1-4493-8839-3.
O'Mara, Margaret Pugh (2015). Cities of Knowledge: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley: Cold War Science and the Search for the Next Silicon Valley. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-1-4008-6688-5.
(2002) The Silicon Valley of Dreams: Environmental Injustice, Immigrant Workers, and the High-tech Global Economy. New York University Press. ISBN 978-0-8147-6710-8.
Saxenian, AnnaLee (1996). Regional Advantage: Culture and Competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-75340-2.
Scoville, Thomas (2001). Silicon Follies. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-7434-1945-1.
(2002) Technology, Entrepreneurs and Silicon Valley. Silicon Valley Historical Association. ISBN 978-0-9649217-1-9.

Jurnallar va gazetalar[tahrir]

Kantor, Jodi (December 23, 2014). "A Brand New World in Which Men Ruled". The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/23/us/gender-gaps-stanford-94.html.
Koenig, Neil (February 9, 2014). "Next Silicon Valleys: How did California get it so right?". BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-26041341.
Norr, Henry (December 27, 1999). "Growth of a Silicon Empire". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/GROWTH-OF-A-SILICON-EMPIRE-Bay-Area-s-fertile-2888303.php.
Palmer, Barbara (February 4, 2004). "Red tile roofs in Bangalore: Stanford's look copied in Silicon Valley and beyond". Stanford Report. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2004/february4/silicon-24.html.
Schulz, Thomas (March 4, 2015). "Tomorrowland: How Silicon Valley Shapes Our Future". Der Spiegel. http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/spiegel-cover-story-how-silicon-valley-shapes-our-future-a-1021557.html.
Sturgeon, Timothy J. (2000-yil dekabr) "Chapter Two: How Silicon Valley Came to Be" Industrial Performance Center (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) archived from the original on 2018-08-19 https://web.archive.org/web/20180819194831/https://ipc.mit.edu/sites/default/files/documents/00-014.pdf. Qaraldi: 2021-01-17.
Williams, James C. (2013-yil dekabr). "From White Gold to Silicon Chips: Hydraulic Technology, Electric Power and Silicon Valley". Social Science Information (Sage Publications) 52 (4): 558–574. doi:10.1177/0539018413497834.

Havolalar[tahrir]

Santa Clara: Kaliforniyaning tarixiy Silicon vodiysi — National Park Service (Milly bogʻ xizmati) vebsayti ^(ingl.)
Silicon vodiysi— hujjatli eshittirish (2013-yil) ^(ingl.)