Fox Butterfield

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya

Fox Butterfield (1939-yil 8-iyulda tugʻilgan)[1] amerikalik jurnalist boʻlib, oʻzining 30 yillik faoliyatining koʻp qismini[2] The New York Times gazetasida reportaj qilish bilan oʻtkazgan. Batterfild Saygon, Tokio, Honkong, Pekin va Bostonda Times byurosi boshlig'i, Vashington va New York shaharlarida muxbir sifatida ishlagan. O'sha vaqt ichida u 1971-yilda Pentagon hujjatlarini, Vyetnam urushining maxfiy tarixini yozib nashrga bergan The New York Times jamoasi a'zosi sifatida Pulitser mukofotiga sazovor bo'ldi va 1983-yilda " Xitoy uchun: Tirik" nomli badiiy adabiyot bo'yicha Milliy kitob mukofotini qo'lga kiritdi. Achchiq dengiz, inqilobdan keyin Xitoyda ruxsat etilgan birinchi Times muxbiri sifatida uning bu masalasidagi tajribasi bo'yicha hisobot e'lon qildi[3][lower-alpha 1] U, shuningdek, jinoyatchi bola Villi Bosket haqida The Bosket Family and the American Tradition of Violence (1995)[4] asarini yozgan.

1990-yilda Batterfild Harward Law Review prezidenti etib saylangan birinchi afro-amerikalik, Qo'shma Shtatlarning bo'lajak prezidenti Barak Obama haqida maqola yozdi[5].

Shaxsiy hayot[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Batterfild Pensilvaniya shtatining Lankaster shahrida tarixchi va Virjiniya shtatining Uilyamsburg shahridagi Ilk Amerika tarixi va madaniyati instituti direktori Layman Genri Batterfildning o‘g‘li edi[6]. Canadalik sanoatchi Cyrus S. Eaton uning bobolaridan biri edi. Uning otasi bolani mustamlakachilar dan hisoblangan ingliz parlamenti rahbari Charlz Jeyms Foks sharafiga "Tulki" deb atadi[7].

Batterfild 1957-yilda Lawrenceville School tamomlagan[8] U Harvard universitetida bakalavr va magistrlik darajasini oldi. 1979-yilda unga Puget Sound universitetining faxriy doktori unvoni berildi.

1988-yilda Batterfild The Los Angeles Times gazetasi muxbiri Elizabet Mehren bilan oila qurdi[6]. Oldingi nikohdan ikki farzandi - Etan va Sara. Mehren bilan Emili ismli qizi (1988-yil 26-mart–1988-yil 17-may) va Sem ismli o'g'il (1990–2013) bor edi[9].

Maykl Moriarti 1993-yilda 1980-yillarning oxirida muddatidan oldin tug‘ilib va bor-yo‘g‘i olti hafta yashagan ularning qizi Emili haqidagi Mehrenning kitobiga asoslangan holda “Juda yaqinda tug‘ilgan” telefilmida Foks Batterfild rolini o‘ynagan. Mehren rolini Pamela Rid ijro etgan. Er-xotin Massachusets shtatining Hingham shahrida yashaydi, Batterfild ba'zan The Times gazetasida ijod qilgan.

Tanqid[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

"Butterfild effekti" bu atama Jeyms Taranto tomonidan The Wall Street Journal jurnalining onlayn tahririyatida "Best of the Web Today" deb nomlangan, odatda "Fox Batterfield, bu sizmisiz?" keyinchalik "Fox Butterfield, ofisingizga qo'ng'iroq qiling". Taranto bu atamani Batterfildning jinoyatlar darajasining pasayish "paradoks"ini muhokama qilgan maqolalarini o'qib chiqqandan so'ng, jazo tayinlash bo'yicha ko'rsatmalarning kuchaytirilishi tufayli qamoqxona mahbuslarining ko'payishi bilan birga shakllangan deydi. Batterfild FQB statistik ma'lumotlariga iqtibos keltirdi: 1994-yildan 2003-yilgacha zo'ravonlik uchun hibsga olishlar 16 foizga, shu jumladan qotillik uchun hibsga olishlar 36 foizga va talonchilik uchun hibsga olishlar 25 foizga kamaygan, ammo bu yangi qattiq jazo qonunlari o'sishga olib keldi[10]. Taranto va Jewish World Review sharhlovchisi Batterfild jazoni qat'iylash ko'rsatmalari ko'proq jinoyatchilarning qamoqqa tushishiga sabab bo'lgan, ular jinoyatni kamaytirishi uchun xizmat qilishlari kerak edi, deb hisoblashdi[11][12].

Bibliografiya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Tashqi videofayllar
Booknotes interview with Butterfield on All God's Children, March 31, 1996, C-SPAN
Presentation by Butterfield on In My Father's House, November 7, 2018, C-SPAN
  • Xitoy: achchiq dengizda tirik (1982)
  • Xudoning barcha bolalari: Bosket oilasi va Amerika zo'ravonlik an'anasi (1995)
  • Otamning uyida: jinoyatning oilada qanday rivojlanishiga yangi nuqtai nazar, Knopf (2018)

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ Shearer, Benjamin F. (2007). Home Front Heroes: A Biographical Dictionary of Americans During Wartime (Volume I). Greenwood Press. p. 143; ISBN 0-313-33422-6. Retrieved 15 May 2020.
  2. ↑ The 1999 Bureau of Justice Assistance National Partnership Meeting: Working Together for Peace and Justice in the 21st Century.
  3. ↑ "National Book Awards – 1983". National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-03-11.
  4. ↑ "NewsHour Online: David Gergen interviews author Fox Butterfield" (Wayback Machine saytida 2013-10-16 sanasida arxivlangan). Retrieved 2007-04-23.
  5. ↑ "First Black Elected to Head Harvard's Law Review". Fox Butterfield. The New York Times, February 6, 1990.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 "Elizabeth Mehren and Fox Butterfield, Newspaper Reporters, Marry in Utah." The New York Times, January 31, 1988.
  7. ↑ „Author and Journalist Fox Butterfield“, Zocalo, November 14, 2018
  8. ↑ „NOTABLE ALUMNI“. The Lawrenceville School. Qaraldi: 2014-yil 16-oktyabr.
  9. ↑ "Interview with Elizabeth Mehren, author of Born Too Soon". Retrieved 2007-04-23.
  10. ↑ "Punitive Damages; Crime Keeps On Falling, but Prisons Keep On Filling"; "Study Finds 2.6% Increase in U.S. Prison Population";"Despite Drop in Crime, an Increase in Inmates"
  11. ↑ Graham. „The Butterfield Effect“. Jewish World Review (2004-yil 2-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2017-yil 13-may.
  12. ↑ TimesWatch: Criminal Negligence of Cause and Effect


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