Alice Munro

Elis Enn Munro (/mʌnˈroʊ/, née Laidlaw /ˈleɪdlɔː/ ; 1931-yil 10-iyulda tug'ilgan), haqiqiy ismi Elis Enn Laidlaw, adabiyot bo'yicha Nobel mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan kanadalik qisqa hikoyalar yozuvchisi. Shuningdek, u 2009-yilda Man Booker xalqaro mukofoti, 1998 va 2004-yillarda Giller mukofoti va 1968, 1978 va 1986-yillarda General-gubernator mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan. U ikki marta turmush qurgan va uch farzandning onasi.

Munro bir qancha adabiy mukofotlarga sazovor boʻlgan, jumladan, “zamonaviy qissa ustasi” sifatidagi faoliyati uchun 2013-yilda adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti va umrbod ijodi uchun 2009-yilgi Man Booker xalqaro mukofoti. Shuningdek, u uch marta General-gubernator mukofotiga sazovor bo'lgan^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4].

Erta hayot va ta'lim[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Munro Ontario shtatining Vingem shahrida tug'ilgan. Uning otasi Robert Erik Laidlou tulki va norka bilan shug'ullangan va keyinchalik kurkachilik bilan shug'ullangan. Uning onasi Enn Klark Laydlou (nikohdan oldingi familiyasi Chamney) o'qituvchi bo'lgan^[5].

Munro oʻsmirlik chogʻida yozishni boshlagan va 1950-yilda Gʻarbiy Ontario universitetida ikki yillik tahsil olayotgan ingliz va jurnalistika boʻyicha oʻqiyotganda oʻzining “Soyaning oʻlchamlari” nomli birinchi hikoyasini nashr etgan. Bu vaqt ichida u ofitsiant, tamaki kollektori va kutubxonachi bo'lib ishlagan. 1951-yilda u 1949-yildan beri ingliz tilini oʻrgangan universitetni tark etib, kursdoshi Jeyms Munroga turmushga chiqdi.1963-yilda er-xotin Viktoriyaga koʻchib oʻtishdi va u yerda hozirgacha faoliyat yuritayotgan Munroning kitoblarini ochishdi.

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ „The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013 – Press Release“ (10 ekim 2013). 12 ekim 2013da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 10 ekim 2013.
↑ „Alice Munro wins Man Booker International prize“. The Guardian (27 mayıs 2009). 9-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 13 nisan 2021.
↑ „Past Writers' Trust Engel/Findley Award Winners“. 8 nisan 2014da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 7 nisan 2014.
↑ „Alice Munro Wins Nobel Prize in Literature“. The New York Times (10 ekim 2013). 9 kasım 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 10 ekim 2013.
↑ Gaunce, Julia, Suzette Mayr, Don LePan, Marjorie Mather, and Bryanne Miller, eds. "Alice Munro." The Broadview Anthology of Short Fiction. 2nd ed. Buffalo, NY: Broadview Press, 2012.

[nobelprize.org-1] „The Nobel Prize in Literature 2013 – Press Release“ (10 ekim 2013). 12 ekim 2013da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 10 ekim 2013.

[2] „Alice Munro wins Man Booker International prize“. The Guardian (27 mayıs 2009). 9-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 13 nisan 2021.

[writerstrust.com/EngelFindley-3] „Past Writers' Trust Engel/Findley Award Winners“. 8 nisan 2014da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 7 nisan 2014.

[NYT-20131010-4] „Alice Munro Wins Nobel Prize in Literature“. The New York Times (10 ekim 2013). 9 kasım 2017da asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 10 ekim 2013.

[5] Gaunce, Julia, Suzette Mayr, Don LePan, Marjorie Mather, and Bryanne Miller, eds. "Alice Munro." The Broadview Anthology of Short Fiction. 2nd ed. Buffalo, NY: Broadview Press, 2012.

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k m t Adabiyot boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti sovrindorlari
1901–1925	1901 Sully Prudhomme 1902 Theodor Mommsen 1903 Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1904 Frédéric Mistral / José Echegaray 1905 Henryk Sienkiewicz 1906 Giosuè Carducci 1907 Rudyard Kipling 1908 Rudolf Christoph Eucken 1909 Selma Lagerlöf 1910 Paul Heyse 1911 Maurice Maeterlinck 1912 Gerhart Hauptmann 1913 Rabindranath Tagore 1914 1915 Romain Rolland 1916 Verner von Heidenstam 1917 Karl Gjellerup / Henrik Pontoppidan 1918 1919 Carl Spitteler 1920 Knut Hamsun 1921 Anatole France 1922 Jacinto Benavente 1923 W. B. Yeats 1924 Władysław Reymont 1925 George Bernard Shaw
1926–1950	1926 Grazia Deledda 1927 Henri Bergson 1928 Sigrid Undset 1929 Thomas Mann 1930 Sinclair Lewis 1931 Erik Axel Karlfeldt 1932 John Galsworthy 1933 Ivan Bunin 1934 Luigi Pirandello 1935 1936 Eugene O'Neill 1937 Roger Martin du Gard 1938 Pearl S. Buck 1939 Frans Eemil Sillanpää 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 Johannes V. Jensen 1945 Gabriela Mistral 1946 Hermann Hesse 1947 André Gide 1948 T. S. Eliot 1949 William Faulkner 1950 Bertrand Russell
1951–1975	1951 Pär Lagerkvist 1952 François Mauriac 1953 Winston Churchill 1954 Ernest Hemingway 1955 Halldór Laxness 1956 Juan Ramón Jiménez 1957 Albert Camus 1958 Boris Pasternak 1959 Salvatore Quasimodo 1960 Saint-John Perse 1961 Ivo Andrić 1962 John Steinbeck 1963 Giorgos Seferis 1964 Jean-Paul Sartre 1965 Mixail Sholoxov 1966 Shmuel Yosef Agnon / Nelly Sachs 1967 Miguel Ángel Asturias 1968 Yasunari Kawabata 1969 Samuel Beckett 1970 Aleksandr Soljenitsin 1971 Pablo Neruda 1972 Heinrich Böll 1973 Patrick White 1974 Eyvind Johnson / Harry Martinson 1975 Eugenio Montale
1976–2000	1976 Saul Bellow 1977 Vicente Aleixandre 1978 Isaac Bashevis Singer 1979 Odysseas Elytis 1980 Czesław Miłosz 1981 Elias Canetti 1982 Gabriel García Márquez 1983 William Golding 1984 Jaroslav Seifert 1985 Claude Simon 1986 Wole Soyinka 1987 Iosif Brodskiy 1988 Najib Mahfuz 1989 Camilo José Cela 1990 Octavio Paz 1991 Nadine Gordimer 1992 Derek Walcott 1993 Toni Morrison 1994 Kenzaburō Ōe 1995 Seamus Heaney 1996 Wisława Szymborska 1997 Dario Fo 1998 José Saramago 1999 Günter Grass 2000 Gao Xingjian
2001–yildan	2001 V. S. Naipaul 2002 Imre Kertész 2003 J. M. Coetzee 2004 Elfriede Jelinek 2005 Harold Pinter 2006 Orhan Pamuk 2007 Doris Lessing 2008 J. M. G. Le Clézio 2009 Herta Müller 2010 Mario Vargas Llosa 2011 Tomas Tranströmer 2012 Mo Yan 2013 Alice Munro 2014 Patrick Modiano 2015 Svetlana Aleksiyevich 2016 Bob Dylan 2017 Kazuo Ishiguro 2018 Olga Tokarchuk 2019 Peter Handke 2020 Louise Glück 2021 Abdulrazzoq Gurnah 2022 Annie Ernaux 2023 Jon Fosse