Xalqaro sanskrit tiliga transliteratsiya qilish alifbosi
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Xalqaro Sanskrit tiliga tarjima qilish alifbosi (XSTTQA), Sanskrit tili va boshqa hind tillari bilan birga keluvchi tarjima qilish sxemasi. XIX asrda paydo boʻlgan ushbu sxema, Charles Trevelyan, William Jones, Monier Monier-Williams va boshqa olimlarning takliflariga binoan 1894-yilning sentabrida Geneva Oryantal Kongresi'ning Transliteratsiya qo‘mitasi tomonidan rasmiylashtirilgan.[1]
Konvensiyalar[tahrir]
| Devanāgarī | Transkripsiya | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| अ | a | A | monophthongs and syllabic liquids |
| आ | ā | Ā | |
| इ | i | I | |
| ई | ī | Ī | |
| उ | u | U | |
| ऊ | ū | Ū | |
| ऋ | ṛ | Ṛ | |
| ॠ | ṝ | Ṝ | |
| ऌ | ḷ | Ḷ | |
| ॡ | ḹ | Ḹ | |
| ए | e | E | diphthongs |
| ऐ | ai | Ai | |
| ओ | o | O | |
| औ | au | Au | |
| ं | ṃ | Ṃ | anusvara |
| ः | ḥ | Ḥ | visarga |
| ँ | ˜ | chandrabindu | |
| ऽ | ' | avagraha | |
| velarlar | palatallar | retroflexlar | dentallar | labiallar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| क k K |
च c C |
ट ṭ Ṭ |
त t T |
प p P |
tenuis stops |
| ख kh Kh |
छ ch Ch |
ठ ṭh Ṭh |
थ th Th |
फ ph Ph |
aspirated stops |
| ग g G |
ज j J |
ड ḍ Ḍ |
द d D |
ब b B |
voiced stops |
| घ gh Gh |
झ jh Jh |
ढ ḍh Ḍh |
ध dh Dh |
भ bh Bh |
breathy-voiced stops |
| ङ ṅ Ṅ |
ञ ñ Ñ |
ण ṇ Ṇ |
न n N |
म m M |
nasal stops |
| ह h H |
य y Y |
र r R |
ल l L |
व v V |
approximants |
| श ś Ś |
ष ṣ Ṣ |
स s S |
sibilants |
Manbalar[tahrir]
- ↑ Monier-Williams, Monier A Sanskrit-English Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899. — s. xxx.
Havolalar[tahrir]
- Reddy, Shashir. Shashir's Notes: Modern Transcription of Sanskrit.
- Stone, Anthony. Transliteration of Indic Scripts: How to use ISO 15919. Asl nusxadan arxivlandi (14 April 2016).
- Wujastyk, Dominik (1996). Transliteration of Devanagari. INDOLOGY. Asl nusxadan arxivlandi (2007-06-06). 2019-02-16.
- Typing a macron - page from Penn State University about typing with accents
- International Phonetic Alphabet chart with pronunciation guide
- A visual chart which shows clearly 1. Which part of the mouth for each sound 2. The 3 groups where the 12 diacritics appear. - from Dina-Anukampana Das
- Sanskrit Pronunciation Tips for beginners & Simple Charts to help memorize where the diacritics fit in. - pages from Dina-Anukampana Das
- A pronunciation guide with chart and pronunciation tips. - from Dina-Anukampana Das
- IAST <==> Devanagari online converter (Transliteration tool)
- Sanskrit Transliteration Tool