Tullgren voronkasi

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Berlese voronkasi tuproqdan organizmlarni yig‘ib olish uchun ishlatiladi.

Berlese voronkasi, shuningdek, Tullgren voronkasi, Berlese tuzog'i yoki Berlese-Tullgren voronkasi sifatida ham tanilgan, tuproq na'munalaridan tirik organizmlarni, ayniqsa artropodlarni ajratib olish uchun ishlatiladigan qurilma. Tullgren voronkasi namuna ustida quritish gradientini yaratish orqali ishlaydi, shunda harakatlanuvchi organizmlar quruq muhitdan uzoqlashadi va yig'uvchi idishga tushadi, u yerda ular nobud bo'ladi va tekshirish uchun saqlanadi. Rasmda uning qanday ishlashi ko'rsatilgan: voronka (E) tuproq yoki axlatni (D) o'z ichiga oladi va elektr chiroq (G) kabi issiqlik manbai (F) axlatni isitadi. Axlatni quritishdan qochgan hayvonlar filtr (C) orqali idishdagi (B) saqlovchi suyuqlikka (A) tushadi. Ushbu rasm shunchaki sxematikdir, chunki odatda tuproq namunasi maydalanmaydi va huni ichiga quyilmaydi (bu muqarrar ravishda saqlovchi suyuqlikda tuproq zarralari ko'p bo'lishiga olib keladi, bu esa tuproq organizmlarini saralash uchun mashaqqatli mehnatni talab qiladi). Aslida, tuproq namunasi tuproq hayvonlarining o'tishiga imkon beradigan, lekin tuproq zarralarining ko'p qismini ushlab turishi kerak bo'lgan to'rli elakka joylashtiriladi.

Ushbu turdagi ekstraksiya odatda Berlese voronkasi yoki Tullgren voronkasi deb ataladi. Antonio Berlese 1905-yilda issiq suv ko'ylagi bilan dinamik namuna olishning ushbu usulini issiqlik manbai sifatida tasvirlab berdi. [1] 1918-yilda Albert Tullgren modifikatsiyani tasvirlab berdi, bu yerda isitish yuqoridan elektr lampochkadan kelib chiqqan va issiqlik gradienti tuproq namunasi atrofida temir lavha baraban bilan oshirilgan[2]. Ushbu turdagi bugungi ekstraksiya voronkalari odatda ikkala nashrning elementlarini birlashtiradi va shuning uchun Berlese-Tullgren voronkasi deb nomlanishi kerak.

Berlese voronkasining o'zgarishi organizmlarni pastga qarab haydash uchun issiqlik manbai o'rniga naftalin parchalari yoki shunga o'xshash xushbo'y ko'piklardan foydalanadi[3]. Bu usul elektr quvvati bo'lmagan holatlarda qo'llaniladi, bunda organizmlar yig'ish idishidagi uchuvchi konservantlar tomonidan qaytariladi yoki ular qurib ketmaslik uchun tezda pastga ko'chira olmaydi.

Shuningdek qarang[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • Hasharotlarni yig'ish
  • Tuproq biologiyasi

Manba[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. Berlese, Antonio. Apparecchio per raccogliere presto ed in gran numero piccoli Artropodi (Italian), 1905 — 85–90 bet. OCLC 79048180. 
  2. Tullgren, A (26 August 2009). "Ein sehr einfacher Ausleseapparat für terricole Tierformen" (German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 4 (1): 149–150. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1918.tb00820.x. 
  3. Southwood, T.R.E.. Ecological methods. Chapman & Hall, 1994. ISBN 978-0-412-30710-2. 
  4. Brown, Richard D. (15 March 1973). "Funnel for Extraction of Leaf Litter Organisms". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66 (2): 485–6. doi:10.1093/aesa/66.2.485. 
  1. ↑ Berlese, Antonio. Apparecchio per raccogliere presto ed in gran numero piccoli Artropodi (Italian), 1905 — 85–90 bet. OCLC 79048180. 
  2. ↑ Tullgren, A (26 August 2009). "Ein sehr einfacher Ausleseapparat für terricole Tierformen [A very simple readout device for terricole animal forms]" (German). Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 4 (1): 149–150. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0418.1918.tb00820.x. 
  3. ↑ Brown, Richard D. (15 March 1973). "Funnel for Extraction of Leaf Litter Organisms". Annals of the Entomological Society of America 66 (2): 485–6. doi:10.1093/aesa/66.2.485. 

Qo'shimcha o'qish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • Smith, L. B. (31 May 2012). "Efficiency of Berlese-Tullgren funnels for removal of the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, from wheat samples". The Canadian Entomologist 109 (4): 503–9. doi:10.4039/Ent109503-4. 
  • Dondale, C. D.; Nicholls, C. F.; Redner, J. H.; Semple, R. B.; Turnbull, A. L. (31 May 2012). "An improved Berlese-Tullgren funnel and a flotation separator for extracting grassland arthropods". The Canadian Entomologist 103 (11): 1549–52. doi:10.4039/Ent1031549-11. 
  • Crossley, D.A.; Blair, John M. (February 1991). "A high-efficiency, 'low-technology' Tullgren-type extractor for soil microarthropods". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 34 (1–4): 187–92. doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90104-6. 
  • Hubert, Jan; Nesvorna, Marta; Stejskal, Vaclav (October 2009). "The efficacy of sieving, filth flotation and Tullgren heat extraction for detecting various developmental stages of Tribolium castaneum and Ephestia kuehniella in samples of wheat grain, flour and semolina". Journal of Stored Products Research 45 (4): 279–88. doi:10.1016/j.jspr.2009.05.003. 
  • Wheeler, Quentin D.; McHugh, Joseph V. (1987). "A Portable and Convertible 'Moczarski/Tullgren' Extractor for Fungus and Litter Coleoptera". The Coleopterists Bulletin 41 (1): 9–12. 
  • Harris, Marvin (15 October 1971). "Sampling Pear Foliage for Nymphs of the Pear Psylla, Using the Berlese-Tullgren Funnel". Journal of Economic Entomology 64 (5): 1317–8. doi:10.1093/jee/64.5.1317. https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-economic-entomology_1971-10_64_5/page/1317. 
  • Besuchet, Claude; Burckhardt, Daniel H.; Löbl, Ivan (1987). "The 'Winkler/Moczarski' Eclector as an Efficient Extractor for Fungus and Litter Coleoptera". The Coleopterists Bulletin 41 (4): 392–394. 
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