Ibrahim Bey (Mamluk)

Ibrahim Bey
	Abram Shinjikashvili
	; Misrlik martabali ayol, suv tashuvchi ayol va bola Ibrahim Bey bilan birgalikda portreti
Misr mamluk boshlig'i
Yordamchisi	Murod Bey
Shaxsiy maʼlumotlari
Talaffuzi	[ibra:him bey]
Tavalludi	1735-yil; Kaxeti viloyati Martqopi shahri
Vafoti	1816/1817-yil
Oʻlim sababi	Noma'lum
Fuqaroligi	gruzin
Dini	Islom

Ibrahim Beyning Qohira yaqinidagi Al-Rudah orolida joylashgan saroyi

Ibrahim Bey (asli Abram Shinjikashvili, 1735-yilda tugʻilgan, 1816/1817-yilda vafot etgan) Misrning mamluk boshligʻi va regenti edi.

Biografiyasi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Ibrahim Bey Gruziya janubi-sharqidagi Kaxeti viloyatining Martqopi shahrida nasroniy-ruhoniy oilasida oilasida tugʻilgan, Abram Shinjikashvili sifatida dunyoga kelgan.^[1]^[2]^[3] Bolaligida u Usmonli bosqinchilari tomonidan qullikka asirga olingan va Misrda sotib yuborilgan. Keyinchalik, u yerda Islomni qabul qilgan va mamluk sifatida oʻqitila boshlangan. Misrning mamluk hukmdori Muhammad bey Abu az-Zahabga sodiq xizmati orqali yuqori martabaga koʻtarilib, hatto beklik martabasiga ham erishdi.

Vaqt oʻtishi bilan u eng nufuzli mamluk qoʻmondonlaridan biri sifatida ish yuritdi va oʻz hamkasbi Murod Bey bilan Misrni birgalikda nazorat qila boshladi. Murod Bey harbiy ishlarni, Ibrahim Bey esa fuqarolik boshqaruvini boshqargan. Ular Usmonlilarning mamluklar rejimini agʻdarishga boʻlgan doimiy urinishlari va ichki nizolar tufayli omon qolishdi.^[2] Ular Misrda bir necha oʻn yillar davomida, hattoki Usmonlilar tomonidan tayinlangan Misr gubernatori ustidan ham amalda hokimiyatni egallab turgan boʻlsalar-da, Misrda kaymakamlar (vakil gubernatorlar) boʻlib xizmat qilishgan.^[4]^[5]^[6] 1771—1773-yillarda Ibrahim bey Misrda amir al-hoji (haj karvonining qoʻmondoni) boʻlib ham xizmat qilgan.^[7]

1786-yilda Usmonli sultoni Abdülhamid I Ibrahim va Murod Beylarni quvib chiqarish uchun Kapudan poshoni (Usmonli dengiz flotining buyuk admirali) Jezayirli Gʻozi Hasan Poshoni yubordi.^[8] Hasan Posho oʻz saʼy-harakatlarini puxta reja asosida tuzar edi va qisqa muddatda muvaffaqiyatga erisha olardi. Usmonli imperiyasining Misr ustidan toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri nazoratini tikladi.^[9] Ismoil Bey yangi Mamluklar rahbari va Shayx al-Balad (fuqarolik gubernatori va amalda hukmdor) etib tayinlandi. Biroq, 1792-yilda, Hasan Posho tomonidan quvilganidan atigi olti yil oʻtgach, ikkalasi Misr janubida yashirinib, Qohiraga qaytib keldi va nazoratni qaytarib oldi.^[10]

1798-yilda fransuzlar Misrga bostirib kirganlarida, Ibrahim Piramidalar va Heliopolisdagi janglarda Napoleon qoʻshinlariga qarshi kurashgan, ammo ikkala holatda ham magʻlubiyatga uchraganlar. Bu magʻlubiyatlar uning mamlakatdagi hukmronligini mutlaqo tugatdi va u 1816—1817-yillardagi Muhammad Ali Poshoning Mamluk rahbarlarini qirgʻinidan omon qolgan, ammo shu yillarda nomaʼlum holda vafot etgan.

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ Crecelius, Daniel; Djaparidze, Gotcha (2018). "Ibrāhīm Bey". in Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis et al.. Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. ISSN 1873-9830. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_32342. "Ibrāhīm Bey (c.1148–1228/1735–1813), who experienced an unusually long career in Mamlūk politics in Ottoman Egypt, played a central role in virtually all the major events that engulfed that province during the last three decades of the eighteenth century. Born Abram Shinjikashvili, the son of a Georgian Orthodox priest in the village of Martkofi, Georgia, he was purchased by Muḥammad Bey Abū l-Dhahab (d. 1189/1775) around 1178/1765. Along with Murād Bey, another Georgian mamlūk purchased about the same time (...)"
↑ ^2,0 ^2,1 Mikaberidze, Alexander, „Ibrahim Bey“, in: Gregory Fremont-Barnes (ed., 2006), The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, Vol. 2, p. 471-2. ABC-CLIO, Inc.
↑ Crecelius, Daniel; Djaparidze, Gotcha (2002). „Relations of the Georgian Mamluks of Egypt with Their Homeland in the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century“. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 45-jild, № 3. 320–341-bet. doi:10.1163/156852002320896328. JSTOR 3632851.
↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 93 bet.
↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 138 bet.
↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 156 bet.
↑ Creighton, Ness. Dictionary of African Biography. p. 133.
↑ Mehmet Süreyya (1996) [1890], Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (muh.), Sicill-i Osmanî (Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, ISBN 9789753330411{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ()
↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 181 bet.
↑ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 317–322, 373 bet.

[1] Crecelius, Daniel; Djaparidze, Gotcha (2018). "Ibrāhīm Bey". in Fleet, Kate; Krämer, Gudrun; Matringe, Denis et al.. Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE. ISSN 1873-9830. https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-of-islam-3/*-COM_32342. "Ibrāhīm Bey (c.1148–1228/1735–1813), who experienced an unusually long career in Mamlūk politics in Ottoman Egypt, played a central role in virtually all the major events that engulfed that province during the last three decades of the eighteenth century. Born Abram Shinjikashvili, the son of a Georgian Orthodox priest in the village of Martkofi, Georgia, he was purchased by Muḥammad Bey Abū l-Dhahab (d. 1189/1775) around 1178/1765. Along with Murād Bey, another Georgian mamlūk purchased about the same time (...)"

[EFRNW-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Mikaberidze, Alexander, „Ibrahim Bey“, in: Gregory Fremont-Barnes (ed., 2006), The Encyclopedia of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, Vol. 2, p. 471-2. ABC-CLIO, Inc.

[3] Crecelius, Daniel; Djaparidze, Gotcha (2002). „Relations of the Georgian Mamluks of Egypt with Their Homeland in the Last Decades of the Eighteenth Century“. Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient. 45-jild, № 3. 320–341-bet. doi:10.1163/156852002320896328. JSTOR 3632851.

[JabartiPhilipp1994-2/93-4] 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 93 bet.

[JabartiPhilipp1994-2/138-5] 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 138 bet.

[JabartiPhilipp1994-2/156-6] 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 156 bet.

[7] Creighton, Ness. Dictionary of African Biography. p. 133.

[sicilli-8] Mehmet Süreyya (1996) [1890], Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (muh.), Sicill-i Osmanî (Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, ISBN 9789753330411{{citation}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language ()

[JabartiPhilipp1994-2/181-9] 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 181 bet.

[JabartiPhilipp1994-2/317–322,_373-10] 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart, 1994 — 317–322, 373 bet.

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