Begum Shohi masjidi

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Masjid
Begum Shohi masjidi
Meʼmoriy uslub Hindi-islom arxitekturasi, Boburiylar arxitekturasi
Asoschi Maryam-uz-Zamoniy
Binokorlik 1611—1614
Gumbazlar soni 3
Qurilish materiali gʻisht
Begum Shohi masjidi Vikiomborda

Begum Shahi masjidi (urdu: بیگم شاہی مسجد), rasman Mariyam Zamani Begum masjidi (urdu: مریم زمانی بیگم کی مسجد), 17-asr boshlariga oid masjid boʻlib, Pokistonning Panjob shtatidagi Lahor shahrida joylashgan. Boburiy imperatori Maryam-uz-Zamoniy[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], imperator Akbarning sevimli turmush oʻrtogʻi tomonidan qurilgan Pokistondagi eng yirik masjidlardan biridir[8][9]. Masjid 1611—1614-yillarda Boburiy imperatori Jahongir davrida qurilgan.

Bu Lahordagi eng qadimgi Boburiy davridagi masjiddir[10][11]. Masjid gulli naqshlar bilan ishlanganligi, shuningdek, Allohning ismlari yozuvlari bilan mashhur[12][10].

Fon[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Masjid Boburiy imperatori Akbar, imperator Jahongirning onasi va imperator Maryam-uz-Zamoniy tomonidan barpo etilgan. Jahongirning imperatorlik davrida davrida, milodiy 1614-yilda (hijriy 1023-yil) qurilgan[1].

Maryam Zamoniy, asli hindu malikasi[13][14][15]. Musulmonga turmushga chiqqan[16][17] va diniy toʻsiqlar bilan cheklanmasdan, xristianlar hukmron boʻlgan suv yoʻllarida savdo qilgan[18].

Ushbu masjid umumiy xotirada „Begum Shohi masjidi“ nomi bilan mashhur boʻlib, uning unvonlaridan biri „Shohi Begum“ (soʻzma-soʻz imperator ayoli)[19].

Joylashuvi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Masjid Lahor qal’asining sharqiy devorlariga qarama-qarshi boʻlgan devor bilan oʻralgan Lahor shahrining eski Masti darvozasi yaqinida joylashgan.

Tarixi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Bu masjid Jome masjid sifatida qurilgan[10]. Qurilish 1611-yilda boshlanib, 1614-yilgacha davom etgan[20]. Masjid porox zavodiga aylanguniga qadar ikki yuz yildan koʻproq vaqt davomida Boburiy zodagonlari va oddiy odamlar namoz oʻqishgan[1].

Lahordagi sikxlar hukmronligi davrida bu masjid Ranjit Singx tomonidan porox zavodiga aylantirilgan va u oʻsha paytda Barudxona Vali masjidi („Porox masjidi“) nomi bilan tanilgan[21][22].

Milodiy 1850-yilda oʻsha paytda Lahor komissarining oʻrinbosari boʻlgan mayor Makgregor masjidni, unga biriktirilgan doʻkonlar va uylar bilan birga musulmonlar ixtiyoriga qaytardi[1] va hozirgi rasmiy nomi – „Mariyam Zamoniy masjidi“ nomini oldi[23].

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Khan 1970.
  2. ↑ Wheeler, R. E. M.. Five thousand years of Pakistan, 1950 — 83 bet. 
  3. ↑ Schimmel, Annemarie. The empire of the great Mughals: history, art and culture, Internet Archive, London: Reaktion Books, 2004 — 148 bet. ISBN 978-1-86189-185-3. 
  4. ↑ Beveridge, H.. The Akbarnama Of Abul Fazl Vol. 2, 1907 — 506 bet. 
  5. ↑ „Harking back: The Empress and her two doomed pilgrim ships“ (2021-yil 11-aprel).
  6. ↑ Koch, Ebba. Mughal architecture, 1990 — 83 bet. 
  7. ↑ Mughal gardens : sources, places, representations, and prospects, Internet Archive, Washington, D.C. : Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996 — 155 bet. ISBN 978-0-88402-235-0. 
  8. ↑ Mehta, J.L.. Advance Study in the history of Medieval India. Sterling Publisher Private Limited, 1981. ISBN 8120704320. „Bihari Mal gave rich dowry to his daughter and sent his son Bhagwan Das with a contingent of Rajput soldiers to escort his newly married sister to Agra as per Hindu custom. Akbar was deeply impressed by the highly dignified, sincere and princely conduct of his Rajput relations. He took Man Singh, the youthful son of Bhagwant Das into the royal service. Akbar was fascinated by the charm and accomplishments of his Rajput wife; he developed real love for her and raised her to the status of chief queen. She came to exercise profound impact on the socio-cultural environment of the entire royal household and changed the lifestyle of Akbar. Salim (later Jahangir), the heir to the throne, was born of this wedlock on 30th August 1569.“ 
  9. ↑ Hindu Shah, Muhammad Qasim. Gulshan-I-Ibrahimi — 223 bet. 
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 Asher 1992.
  11. ↑ „Begum Shahi Masjid“. Pakistan Today (2016-yil 12-mart). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 31-avgust.
  12. ↑ Wheeler, R. E. M.. Five thousand years of Pakistan, 1950 — 83 bet. 
  13. ↑ Chandra, Satish. History of Medieval India: 800-1700 (en). Orient BlackSwan, 2007 — 243 bet. ISBN 978-81-250-3226-7. 
  14. ↑ Eraly, Abraham. Emperors of the peacock throne : the saga of the great Mughals, Library Genesis, New Delhi, India ; New York : Penguin Books, 2000 — 136 bet. ISBN 978-0-14-100143-2. 
  15. ↑ Mehta, Jl. Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India (en). Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd — 374 bet. ISBN 978-81-207-1015-3. 
  16. ↑ Collier, Dirk. The Great Mughals and their India (en). Hay House, Inc, 2016-03-01. ISBN 978-93-84544-98-0. 
  17. ↑ Tirmizi, S. A. I.. Edicts from the Mughal Harem (en). Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli, 1979 — 14 bet. 
  18. ↑ Findly, Ellison B. (1988). "The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders". Journal of the American Oriental Society 108 (2): 238. doi:10.2307/603650. ISSN 0003-0279. https://www.jstor.org/stable/603650. "Maryam-uz- Zamani herself, however, remained untouched by the apostasy issue. There is no record of any question being raised about her position as a ship's owner under the Portuguese Pass; neither her religious status as a wife and then mother of a Muslim emperor nor the Hindu tradition of her birth seem to have been jeopardised by her involvement in sea trade in Christian waters. Rather, her position as a sequestered financier allowed her both the adventure of foreign trade and the protection from the religious restrictions such an enterprise might entail." 
  19. ↑ Lowe, W. H.. Muntakhab - Ut - Tawarikh Vol. 2, 1884 — 112 bet. 
  20. ↑ „Begum Shahi Masjid“. Pakistan Today (2016-yil 12-mart). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 31-avgust.
  21. ↑ Qureshi, Tania. „Masjid Mariam Zamani — the 'mother of all mosques'“. Daily Times. „During the Sikh era this splendid mosque was turned into a gunpowder factory and it became popular as Barood Khana Wali Masjid (the mosque with gun powder). In 1850 the British Raj handed over the mosque to the Muslims who restored it to its original glory.“.
  22. ↑ „A visual delight – Maryam Zamani and Wazir Khan Mosques“. Dawn (2015-yil 13-may). Qaraldi: 2016-yil 31-avgust.
  23. ↑ Sheikh. „Harking back: 'Baroodkhana' mosque, its bazaar and the 'haveli'“ (en). DAWN.COM (2018-yil 25-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 20-noyabr. 
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