Millennials
| Ushbu andoza quyidagi mavzuning bir qismi: |
| Gʻarb dunyosida mavjud bo‘lgan avlodlar quyidagi nomlar bilan atalgan |
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Millennials, shuningdek, Y avlod sifatida ham tanilgan, X avlodidan keyingi va Z avlodidan oldingi demografik guruhdir. Tadqiqotchilar va ommaviy axborot vositalari 1980-yillarning boshlarini tugʻilish yillari sifatida, 1990-yillarning oʻrtalari va 2000-yillarning boshlarini esa tugʻilish yillarini yakuni sifatida ishlatishadi, bu avlodga odatda 1981-1996-yillarda tugʻilgan insonlar mansub boʻladi[1][2]. Aksariyat Millennials guruhidagi odamlar Baby Boomers va X avlodining farzandlaridir[3]. Oʻz navbatida Millennials guruhidagilar koʻpincha Alfa avlodining ota-onalari hisoblanadi[4]. Internet bilan oʻsgan birinchi avlod sifatida Millennials ham birinchi global avlod sifatida tasvirlangan[5]. Avlod odatda Internet, mobil qurilmalar va ijtimoiy tarmoqlardan yuqori foydalanish va ular bilan tanishish bilan ajralib turadi[6]. Hozirda keyingi avlodlarga nisbatan qoʻllaniladigan " digital natives „ atamasi dastlab ushbu avlodni tasvirlash uchun yaratilgan[7]. Butun dunyo boʻylab yoshlar turmush qurishni yoki er-xotin sifatida birga yashashni keyinga qoldirdilar[8]. Millennialslar butun dunyo boʻylab tugʻilish koʻrsatkichlari pasayib borayotgan bir vaqtda tugʻilgan [9] va avvalgilariga qaraganda kamroq farzand koʻrishmoqda[10][11][12][13]. Rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlardagilar global aholi oʻsishining asosiy qismini tashkil etishda davom etadilar[14]. Rivojlangan mamlakatlarda 2010-yillarning yoshlari xuddi shu yoshda boʻlganlarida, avvalgilariga nisbatan jinsiy aloqaga kamroq moyil boʻlgan[15]. Gʻarbda ular oʻzlarining oldingilariga qaraganda kamroq dindor boʻlishad[16][9].
1990-2010-yillar davomida rivojlanayotgan dunyo aholisining bilim darajasi ortib bordi, bu esa bu mamlakatlarda iqtisodiy oʻsishni kuchaytirgan omillardan biri[17]. Butun dunyodagi Millennials guruhiga mansub odamlar oʻzlarining ish hayotini boshlaganlaridan beri sezilarli iqtisodiy tanazzulga duch kelishdi, koʻpchilik Buyuk inqirozdan keyin mehnat bozoridagi dastlabki yillarida yoshlar ishsizligining yuqori darajasi kuzatildi va COVID-19 pandemiyasi tufayli 2020-yilda yana bir inqirozga uchradi[18][19].
Terminologiyasi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Ushbu demografik guruhningning aʼzolari Millennials deb nomlanadi, chunki eng keksalari ming yillikning oxirida katta boʻlishgan[20]. Mualliflar Uilyam Strauss va Nil Xou, Strauss-Hou avlod nazariyasini yaratish bilan mashhur boʻlib, Millennialslarni nomlash bilan shugʻillangan[21]. Ular bu atamani 1987-yilda, taxminan 1982-yilda tugʻilgan bolalar bogʻchaga qadam qoʻyayotgan paytda ishlab chiqdilar va ommaviy axborot vositalari birinchi boʻlib 2000-yilgi oʻrta maktab bitiruvchisi sifatida yaqinlashib kelayotgan yangi ming yillik bilan istiqbolli aloqalarini aniqladilar[22]. Ular guruh haqida oʻzlarining “Avlodlar: The History of Americaʼs Future, 1584 to 2069(1991) va "Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation "(2000) kitoblarida yozgan[22][23].
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- ↑ „Sorry, boomers: millennials and younger are new US majority“ (en). AP News (2020-yil 3-avgust).
- ↑ „Different generations are sharing what they did before they could look stuff up on the internet“ (en). NBC News (2023-yil 26-sentyabr).
- ↑ Strauss, William. Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, Cartoons by R.J. Matson, New York: Vintage Original, 2000 — 54 bet. ISBN 9780375707193.
- ↑ Carter. „The Complete Guide To Generation Alpha, The Children Of Millennials“ (en). Forbes. 2022-yil 9-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 26-dekabr.
- ↑ David Pendleton, Peter Derbyshire, Chloe Hodgkinson (2021), Work-Life Matters: Crafting a New Balance at Work and at Home (p. 35), Springer Nature, ISBN 9783030777685
- ↑ „NowUKnow: Millennials Lead the Way in the Digital Future“. www.bentley.edu (2018-yil 19-oktyabr).
- ↑ Prensky. „Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants“. MCB University Press. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 6-noyabr.
- ↑ Gan, Nectar. „Chinese millennials aren't getting married, and the government is worried“. CNN (2021-yil 30-yanvar). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 1-fevral.
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 Kaufmann, Eric „Chapter 7: Sacralization by Stealth? The Religious Consequences of Low Fertility in Europe“,. Whither the Child? Causes and Consequences of Low Fertility Kaufmann: . Boulder, Colorado, United States: Paradigm Publishers, 2013 — 135–56 bet. ISBN 978-1-61205-093-5.
- ↑ „The UN revises down its population forecasts“. The Economist (2019-yil 22-iyun). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 20-yanvar.
- ↑ Sebastiaan van de Water. „Zijn er nu meer mensen die geen kinderen willen dan vroeger?“ (nl). Quest (2020-yil 20-mart). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 30-may.
- ↑ Bodin, Maja; Plantin, Lars; Elmerstig, Eva (December 2019). "A wonderful experience or a frightening commitment? An exploration of men's reasons to (not) have children". Reproductive Biomedicine & Society Online 9: 19–27. doi:10.1016/j.rbms.2019.11.002. PMID 31938736. PMC 6953767. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=6953767.
- ↑ Zeihan, Peter. The Absent Superpower: The Shale Revolution and a World without America. Zeihan on Geopolitics, 2016. ISBN 9780998505206.
- ↑ AFP. „Developing nations' rising birth rates fuel global baby boom“. The Straits Times (2018-yil 10-noyabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 2-fevral.
- ↑ Julian, Kate. „Why Are Young People Having So Little Sex?“. The Atlantic (2018-yil dekabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 2-sentyabr.
- ↑ Goldberg, Jeanne (January–February 2020). „Millennials And Post-Millennials – Dawning Of A New Age?“. Skeptical Inquirer. 44-jild, № 1. Amherst, NY: Center for Inquiry. 42–46-bet. 21 June 2020da asl nusxadan arxivlandi. Qaraldi: 21 June 2020.
- ↑ Soloman, Paul. „Why the new global wealth of educated women spurs backlash“. PBS Newshour (2018-yil 31-may). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 20-noyabr.
- ↑ Kahn, Michael. „Coronavirus 'Class of 2020': Europe's lost generation?“. Reuters (2020-yil 9-iyul). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 18-iyul.
- ↑ Kurtzleben, Danielle. „Here We Go Again: Millennials Are Staring At Yet Another Recession“. NPR (2020-yil 8-iyun). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 3-iyul.
- ↑ Paulin. „Fun facts about Millennials: compa Tring expenditure patterns from the latest through the Greatest generation : Monthly Labor Review: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics“ (en-us). www.bls.gov (2018-yil mart). — „According to the Pew Research Center, the first of the Millennials (so called because the oldest of them became adults around the turn of the millennium) were born in 1981“. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 29-noyabr.
- ↑ Horovitz, Bruce. „After Gen X, Millennials, what should next generation be?“. USA Today (2012-yil 4-may). 2020-yil 20-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan.
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Strauss, William. Millennials Rising: The Next Great Generation, Cartoons by R.J. Matson, New York: Vintage Original, 2000 — 370 bet. ISBN 978-0-375-70719-3. 2013-yil 17-oktyabrda qaraldi.
- ↑ Strauss, William. Generations: The History of America's Future, 1584 to 2069. Harper Perennial, 1991. ISBN 978-0-688-11912-6. p. 335
Adabiyotlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Baird, Carolyn (2015), Myths, exaggerations and uncomfortable truths: The real story behind millennials in the workplace, IBM Institute for Business Value
- DeChane, Darrin J. (2014). "How to Explain the Millennial Generation? Understand the Context". Student Pulse 6 (3): 16. https://www.studentpulse.com/articles/878/how-to-explain-the-millennial-generation-understand-the-context.
- Espinoza, Chip; Mick Ukleja, Craig Rusch. Managing the Millennials: Discover the Core Competencies for Managing Today's Workforce. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010 — 172 bet. ISBN 978-0-470-56393-9.
- Espinoza, Chip (2012). Millennial Integration: Challenges Millennials Face in the Workplace and What They Can Do About Them (PhD dissertation). Yellow Springs, OH: Antioch University — OhioLINK.
- Furlong, Andy. Youth Studies: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2013. ISBN 978-0-415-56476-2.
- Gardner, Stephanie F. (15 August 2006). "Preparing for the Nexters". American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 70 (4): 87. doi:10.5688/aj700487. PMID 17136206. PMC 1636975. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1636975.
- Hobbes, Michael „Generation Screwed“. The Huffington Post (2017-yil 14-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 19-iyun.
- Taylor, Paul; Pew Research Center. The Next America: Boomers, Millennials, and the Looming Generational Showdown. PublicAffairs, 2016. ISBN 978-1-61039-619-6.
Havolalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- The Downside of Diversity. Michael Jonas. The New York Times. 5 August 2007.
- Why 30 is not the new 20. Meg Jay. Ted Talk. 13 May 2013. (Video, 14:49)
- Gen-Z Matters More than millennials: Goldman Sachs' Christopher Wolf. 4 March 2016. (Video, 3:21)
- Is a University Degree a Waste of Money? CBC News: The National. 1 March 2017. (Video, 14:39)
- Why your smartphone is irresistible (and why itʼs worth trying to resist), PBS Newshour. 21 April 2017. Psychologist Adam Alter.
