Megaraptor: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
„Megaraptor“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi |
Tahrir izohi yoʻq |
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Qator 1: | Qator 1: | ||
{{Avtomatik taksonquti |
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| nomi = †Megaraptor |
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| tasvir = Megaraptor.jpg |
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| olam = [[Eukariotlar]] |
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| tip = [[Chordatlar]] |
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| sinf = [[Sut emizuvchilar]] |
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| turkum = [[Dinozavrlar]] |
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| oila = [[†Megaraptoridae]] |
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| urugʻ = [[Kaltakesaklar]] |
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| sarlavha = Xalqaro ilmiy nomi |
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| sarlavha_matn = ''Megaraptor'' [[Novas]], [[1998]] |
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| sarlavha1 = [[Geoxronologiya]] |
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* 93,5–85,8 mln |
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== Taʼrif == |
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[[Fayl:MegaraptorNV.jpg|alt=|left|thumb| ''Megaraptor namunhuaiquii'' rekonstruktsiyasi]] |
[[Fayl:MegaraptorNV.jpg|alt=|left|thumb| ''Megaraptor namunhuaiquii'' rekonstruktsiyasi]] |
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''Megaraptor'' dastlab dromeozavr sifatida tasvirlangan |
''Megaraptor'' dastlab dromeozavr sifatida tasvirlangan boʻlib, u deinonihozavrlarning orqa oyoqlarida oʻroqsimon tirnoqlarga oʻxshash bitta tirnoq (taxminan 30 sm uzunlikda) maʼlum boʻlgan. Old oyoqning toʻliq ochilishi tirnoq uning birinchi barmogʻiga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatdi<ref>Fernando E. Novas. [https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011030 Megaraptor namunhuaiquii, gen. et sp. nov., a large-clawed, Late Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia] (angl.) // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. — 1998-04-10. — Vol. 18, no. 1. — P. 4—9. — [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC ISSN] [https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0272-4634 0272-4634.] — [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%84%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0 doi:][https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02724634.1998.10011030 10.1080/02724634.1998.10011030.]</ref>. 2010-yilda Gregori Pol dinozavrni uzunligi 8 metr va og‘irligi bir tonnaga teng deb hisoblagan<ref>{{Книга|автор=Paul, G.S.|заглавие=The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs|ссылка=https://archive.org/details/princetonfieldgu00paul_514|ответственный=|издание=|место=|издательство=Princeton University Press|год=2010|pages=[https://archive.org/details/princetonfieldgu00paul_514/page/n99 99]|allpages=|isbn=}}</ref>. Old oyoqlari gʻayrioddiy uzun boʻlib, tirnoqlari [[spinozavr]]larnikidan qaraganda koʻproq egilgan edi<ref>{{Статья|автор=Jorge O. Calvo, Juan D. Porfiri, Bernardo J. González-Riga, Alexander W. A. Kellner|заглавие=A new Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from Gondwana with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur|ссылка=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17768539|язык=en|издание=Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias|год=2007-09-01|том=79|номер=3|страницы=529—541|issn=0001-3765|archivedate=2016-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220175749/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=17768539}}</ref>. |
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[[Fayl:Megaraptor_bust.png|left|thumb| Voyaga etmagan bolaning bosh suyagi asosida megaraptorni rekonstruksiya qilish. (Tom Parker, 2015)]] |
[[Fayl:Megaraptor_bust.png|left|thumb| Voyaga etmagan bolaning bosh suyagi asosida megaraptorni rekonstruksiya qilish. (Tom Parker, 2015)]] |
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== Sistematika == |
== Sistematika == |
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[[Fayl:Megaraptor_claw_cast_with_scale.JPG|right|thumb| Megaraptor panjasi]] |
[[Fayl:Megaraptor_claw_cast_with_scale.JPG|right|thumb| Megaraptor panjasi]] |
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Oldin oyoqlari boshqa bazal |
Oldin oyoqlari boshqa bazal [[tetanura]]larnikidan ancha farq qiladi, shuning uchun ''Megaraptor'' [[allosaurid]], [[karcharodontozaurid]], [[megalosauroid]] yoki boshqa birov ekanligi dastlab aniq emas edi<ref>{{Статья|автор=Calvo, J. O.; Porfiri, J.D.; Veralli, C.; Novas, F.E.; Poblete, F.|заглавие=Phylogenetic status of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii Novas based on a new specimen from Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina|ссылка=|язык=|издание=Ameghiniana|тип=|год=2004|том=|номер=|страницы=|issn=}}</ref>. Keyingi tadqiqotlar, shuningdek, oldingi oyoqlarida oʻxshash katta tirnoqlari boʻlgan yaqin qarindoshlarning aniqlanishi ''Megaraptorni'' engil tuzilishga ega va [[Neovenatoridae]] oilasining aʼzosi sifatida rivojlangan allosauroid sifatida aniqladi<ref>{{Статья|автор=Roger B. J. Benson, Matthew T. Carrano, Stephen L. Brusatte|заглавие=A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic|язык=en|ссылка=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826771|издание=Die Naturwissenschaften|год=2010-01-01|том=97|номер=1|страницы=71—78|issn=1432-1904|doi=10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x|archivedate=2016-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220175715/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19826771}}</ref>. Yaqinda oʻtkazilgan tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatdiki, ''Megaraptor'' va uning qarindoshlari allozavrlar emas, balki [[tiranozavr]]lar<ref name=":0">{{Статья|автор=Miguel Griffin|заглавие=Suplemento Resúmenes|ссылка=http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/868|язык=es|издание=Ameghiniana|год=2013-03-23|том=49|номер=4 (R)|issn=1851-8044|archivedate=2016-12-20|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220143859/http://www.ameghiniana.org.ar/index.php/ameghiniana/article/view/868}}</ref> yoki [[megalozavr]]lar<ref>{{Книга|автор=Holtz, T.R. Jr.|заглавие=Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages|ответственный=|издание=Random House Books for Young Readers|место=|издательство=|год=2012|pages=95—96|allpages=|isbn=}}</ref>. 2014-yilda tasvirlangan yosh namuna ''Megaraptorning'' ibtidoiy [[tiranozauroid]] ekanligiga qoʻshimcha dalillar keltirdi<ref name=":1">{{Статья|автор=Juan D. Porfiri, Fernando E. Novas, Jorge O. Calvo, Federico L. Agnolín, Martín D. Ezcurra|заглавие=Juvenile specimen of Megaraptor (Dinosauria, Theropoda) sheds light about tyrannosauroid radiation|ссылка=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667114000755|язык=en|издание=Cretaceous Research|год=2014-09-01|том=51|страницы=35—55|doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2014.04.007|archivedate=2017-07-21|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170721142514/http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0195667114000755}}</ref>. [[Gualichoning]] kashfiyoti ''Megaraptorning'' [[Tyrannosauroidea]] emas, balki [[Allosauroidea]] yoki bazal [[Coelurosauria]] ga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatadi<ref>{{Статья|автор=Sebastián Apesteguía, Nathan D. Smith, Rubén Juárez Valieri, Peter J. Makovicky|заглавие=An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina|ссылка=http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157793|язык=en|издание=PLOS ONE|год=2016-07-13|том=11|номер=7|страницы=e0157793|issn=1932-6203|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0157793|archivedate=2016-07-18|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160718020402/http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0157793}}</ref>. |
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Quyidagi kladogramma Porfiri va boshqalar tomonidan 2014-yilgi tahlildan keyin keltirilgan: |
Quyidagi kladogramma Porfiri va boshqalar tomonidan 2014-yilgi tahlildan keyin keltirilgan: |
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| class="clade-label first" |[[Megaraptora]] |
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''Fukuiraptor'' |
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| class="clade-label" |Megaraptoridae |
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''Australovenator'' |
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''Aerosteon'' |
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''Orkoraptor'' |
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''Eotyrannus'' |
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'''''Megaraptor''''' |
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== Manbalar == |
== Manbalar == |
7-Iyul 2022, 11:13 dagi koʻrinishi
†Megaraptor | |
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Ilmiy tasniflash | |
Olam: | Eukariotlar |
Tip: | Chordatlar |
Sinf: | Sut emizuvchilar |
Turkum: | Dinozavrlar |
Oila: | †Megaraptoridae |
Urugʻ: | Kaltakesaklar |
Xalqaro ilmiy nomi | |
Megaraptor Novas, 1998 | |
Geoxronologiya
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Megaraptor (lot, soʻzma-soʻz — katta qaroqchi) — zamonaviy Argentina hududida yashovchi yirtqich dinozavrlarning monotipik jinsi, 1998-yilda Fernando Novas tomonidan kashf etilgan va dastlab deinonikozavr sifatida tasvirlangan.
Taʼrif
Megaraptor dastlab dromeozavr sifatida tasvirlangan boʻlib, u deinonihozavrlarning orqa oyoqlarida oʻroqsimon tirnoqlarga oʻxshash bitta tirnoq (taxminan 30 sm uzunlikda) maʼlum boʻlgan. Old oyoqning toʻliq ochilishi tirnoq uning birinchi barmogʻiga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatdi[1]. 2010-yilda Gregori Pol dinozavrni uzunligi 8 metr va og‘irligi bir tonnaga teng deb hisoblagan[2]. Old oyoqlari gʻayrioddiy uzun boʻlib, tirnoqlari spinozavrlarnikidan qaraganda koʻproq egilgan edi[3].
Sistematika
Oldin oyoqlari boshqa bazal tetanuralarnikidan ancha farq qiladi, shuning uchun Megaraptor allosaurid, karcharodontozaurid, megalosauroid yoki boshqa birov ekanligi dastlab aniq emas edi[4]. Keyingi tadqiqotlar, shuningdek, oldingi oyoqlarida oʻxshash katta tirnoqlari boʻlgan yaqin qarindoshlarning aniqlanishi Megaraptorni engil tuzilishga ega va Neovenatoridae oilasining aʼzosi sifatida rivojlangan allosauroid sifatida aniqladi[5]. Yaqinda oʻtkazilgan tadqiqotlar shuni koʻrsatdiki, Megaraptor va uning qarindoshlari allozavrlar emas, balki tiranozavrlar[6] yoki megalozavrlar[7]. 2014-yilda tasvirlangan yosh namuna Megaraptorning ibtidoiy tiranozauroid ekanligiga qoʻshimcha dalillar keltirdi[8]. Gualichoning kashfiyoti Megaraptorning Tyrannosauroidea emas, balki Allosauroidea yoki bazal Coelurosauria ga tegishli ekanligini koʻrsatadi[9].
Quyidagi kladogramma Porfiri va boshqalar tomonidan 2014-yilgi tahlildan keyin keltirilgan:
Manbalar
- ↑ Fernando E. Novas. Megaraptor namunhuaiquii, gen. et sp. nov., a large-clawed, Late Cretaceous theropod from Patagonia (angl.) // Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. — 1998-04-10. — Vol. 18, no. 1. — P. 4—9. — ISSN 0272-4634. — doi:10.1080/02724634.1998.10011030.
- ↑ Paul, G.S.. The Princeton Field Guide to Dinosaurs. Princeton University Press, 2010 — 99 bet.
- ↑ Jorge O. Calvo, Juan D. Porfiri, Bernardo J. González-Riga, Alexander W. A. Kellner. A new Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystem from Gondwana with the description of a new sauropod dinosaur(ingl.) // Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias. — 2007-09-01. — Andoza:Бсокр, Andoza:Бсокр. — Andoza:Бсокр. — ISSN 0001-3765. Архивировано 20 dekabr 2016 года.
- ↑ Calvo, J. O.; Porfiri, J.D.; Veralli, C.; Novas, F.E.; Poblete, F. Phylogenetic status of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii Novas based on a new specimen from Neuquén, Patagonia, Argentina // Ameghiniana. — 2004.
- ↑ Roger B. J. Benson, Matthew T. Carrano, Stephen L. Brusatte. A new clade of archaic large-bodied predatory dinosaurs (Theropoda: Allosauroidea) that survived to the latest Mesozoic(ingl.) // Die Naturwissenschaften. — 2010-01-01. — Andoza:Бсокр, Andoza:Бсокр. — Andoza:Бсокр. — ISSN 1432-1904. — DOI:10.1007/s00114-009-0614-x. Архивировано 20 dekabr 2016 года.
- ↑ Miguel Griffin. Suplemento Resúmenes(isp.) // Ameghiniana. — 2013-03-23. — Andoza:Бсокр, Andoza:Бсокр. — ISSN 1851-8044. Архивировано 20 dekabr 2016 года.
- ↑ Holtz, T.R. Jr.. Dinosaurs: The Most Complete, Up-to-Date Encyclopedia for Dinosaur Lovers of All Ages, Random House Books for Young Readers, 2012 — 95—96 bet.
- ↑ Juan D. Porfiri, Fernando E. Novas, Jorge O. Calvo, Federico L. Agnolín, Martín D. Ezcurra. Juvenile specimen of Megaraptor (Dinosauria, Theropoda) sheds light about tyrannosauroid radiation(ingl.) // Cretaceous Research. — 2014-09-01. — Andoza:Бсокр. — Andoza:Бсокр. — DOI:10.1016/j.cretres.2014.04.007. Архивировано 21 iyul 2017 года.
- ↑ Sebastián Apesteguía, Nathan D. Smith, Rubén Juárez Valieri, Peter J. Makovicky. An Unusual New Theropod with a Didactyl Manus from the Upper Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina(ingl.) // PLOS ONE. — 2016-07-13. — Andoza:Бсокр, Andoza:Бсокр. — Andoza:Бсокр. — ISSN 1932-6203. — DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0157793. Архивировано 18 iyul 2016 года.
Adabiyot
- Zanno, L. E.; Makovicky, P. J. Neovenatorid theropods are apex predators in the Late Cretaceous of North America(ingl.) // Nature Communications : Журнал. — 2013. — 20 Июль (Andoza:Бсокр, Andoza:Бсокр). — DOI:10.1038/ncomms3827. — Andoza:Bibcode. — PMID 24264527.