Xaker

Xaker (inglizcha: hack — yaʼni chopish¸ boltalash) — informatsion texnologiyalar boʻyicha favqullotda malakaga ega mutaxassis. Kompyuter sistemasini oʻta chuqur biladigan shaxs. Avval boshdan xaker degan atama kompyuter dasturlarini tezda yoza oladigan, yoki qurumlarni tezda soʻzlay oladigan dasturchilarga nisbatan ishlatilgan. Xakerlar asosan 3 turga toifalashadi: Black hat, White hat va Grey hat.

Hack soʻzi hippilar jargonida parvarishlanib, dunyo lugʻatiga kirgan. Hozir xaker soʻzi kreker, yaʼni buzgʻunchi maʼnosida notoʻgʻri ishlatiladi.

Xakerlar oʻz siyosiy simpatiya va antipatiyalariga koʻra harakat qilib kompyuter dasturlariga ataylabdan ziyon yetkazishadi. Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari va Yevropada xakerlik kiberjinoyat tarzida malakalanadi.

Qoʻshimcha maʼlumot

• Michael Hasse: Die Hacker: Strukturanalyse einer jugendlichen Subkultur Arxivlandi 2017-09-30 Wayback Machine saytida. (1994)

Computer security

• Dreyfus, Suelette. Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier. Mandarin, 1997. ISBN 1-86330-595-5. 
• Hafner, Katie; Markoff, John. Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991. ISBN 0-671-68322-5. 
• Levy, Steven. Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government Saving Privacy in the Digital Age. Penguin, 2002. ISBN 0-14-024432-8. 
• Logik Bomb: Hacker's Encyclopedia (1997)
• Revelation: The Ultimate Beginner's Guide to Hacking & Phreaking (1996)
• Slatalla, Michelle; Joshua Quittner. Masters of Deception: The Gang That Ruled Cyberspace. HarperCollins, 1995. ISBN 0-06-017030-1. 
• Sterling, Bruce. The Hacker Crackdown. Bantam, 1992. ISBN 0-553-08058-X. 
• Taylor, Paul A.. Hackers: Crime in the Digital Sublime. Routledge, 1999. ISBN 978-0-415-18072-6. 
• Thomas, Douglas. Hacker Culture. University of Minnesota Press, 2002. ISBN 0-8166-3345-2. 
• Verton, Dan. The Hacker Diaries: Confessions of Teenage Hackers. McGraw-Hill Osborne Media, 2002. ISBN 0-07-222364-2. 

Free software/open source

• Graham, Paul. Hackers and Painters. Beijing: O'Reilly, 2004. ISBN 0-596-00662-4. 
• Himanen, Pekka. The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age. Random House, 2001. ISBN 0-375-50566-0. 
• Ingo, Henrik. Open Life: The Philosophy of Open Source. Lulu.com, 2006. ISBN 1-84728-611-9.  Arxivlandi 2020-02-02 Wayback Machine saytida.
• Lakhani, Karim R.; Wolf, Robert G. „Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in Free/Open Source Software Projects“,. Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software. MIT Press, 2005. 
• Levy, Steven. Hackers: Heroes of the Computer Revolution. Doubleday, 1984. ISBN 0-385-19195-2. 
• {{cite book | editor1-last = Raymond | editor1-first = Eric S. | editor2-last = Steele | editor2-first = Guy L. | title = The New Hacker's Dictionary | publisher = The MIT