W. C. Fields
| W. C. Fields | |
|---|---|
 Fields 1938-yil | |
| Tavalludi |
William Claude Dukenfield 29-yanvar 1880-yil Darby, Pennsylvania, A. Q. Sh. |
| Vafoti |
25-dekabr 1946-yil (66 yoshda) Pasadena, California, A. Q. Sh. |
| Fuqaroligi | AQSh |
| Kasbi | Aktyor, qiziqchi, yozuvchi |
| Turmush oʻrtogʻi |
Harriet Hughes (turm. 1900) |
| Otasi | James Lydon Duckenfield |
| Onasi | Kate Spangler Fenton |
| Faoliyat yillari | 1898-1946 |
| Bolalari | 2 |
William Claude Dukenfield (talaffuzi: „Uilyam Klod Dyukenfild“, 1880-yil 29-yanvar [1] — 1946-yil 25-dekabr), WC Fields nomi bilan mashhur boʻlgan amerikalik komediyachi, aktyor, jonglyor va yozuvchi edi[2]. Fields kulgili obrazga ega boʻlib, misantrop va qattiq ichuvchi egoist edi. U bolalar va itlarga nisbatan nafratlanishiga qaramay, bazida hamdard boʻlib qolardi.
Umumiy koʻrinish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Fieldsning shou-biznesdagi faoliyati vodevilda boshlangan va u yerda ovozsiz Juggling sifatida xalqaro muvaffaqiyatlarga erishgan. U oʻz harakatlariga komediyani qoʻshishni boshladi va bir necha yil davomida Ziegfeld Folliesda taniqli komediyachisiga aylandi. U „Poppy“ (1923) Brodvey musiqiy komediyasida yulduzga aylandi, unda u rang-barang, kichik vaqtli firibgar rolini oʻynadi. Uning keyingi sahna va kino rollari koʻpincha oʻxshash boʻlgan: yaramaslar yoki oddiy qahramonlar edi.
Dastlabki yillar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Fields Pensilvaniya shtatining Darbi shahrida William Cloude Dukenfildda ishchilar oilasining eng katta farzandi bo‘lib tug‘ilgan. Uning otasi James Lydon Dukenfeild (1841-1913) 1854-yilda Angliyaning Sheffild, Yorkshir shahridan hijrat qilgan ingliz oilasidan edi [3][4]. James Dukenfield Amerika fuqarolar urushida 72-Pensilvaniya piyodalar polkining M kompaniyasida xizmat qilgan va 1863-yilda yaralangan[5]. Fieldsning onasi Kate Spangler Felton (1854-1925) Britaniyalik ajdodlarning protestanti edi[6][7]. 1876-yilgi Filadelfiya shahar maʼlumotnomasida James Dukenfield kotib sifatida roʻyxatga olingan. Turmush qurgandan soʻng, u mustaqil mahsulot sotuvchisi boʻlib ishlagan[7][8].
Brodvey[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
1905-yilda Fields oʻzining Brodveydagi debyuti "The Ham Tree" musiqiy komediyasini suratga oldi. Uning shoudagi roli undan oldin sahnada qilmagan dialog satrlarini yetkazishni talab qildi[9]. Keyinchalik u shunday dedi: „Men haqiqiy komediyachi boʻlishni xohlardim va u yerda men shunchaki komediya jonglyori sifatida chipta oldim va filmga tushdim“[10]. 1913-yilda u Sarah Bernhardt (u Fieldsni „eng yaxshi tomoshabinlarni xursand qila olmaydigan sanʼatkor“ deb bilgan) bilan birgalikda Nyu-York saroyida, soʻngra Angliyada George uchun qirollik spektaklida ijro etdi.
Shaxsiy hayot[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Fields 1900-yil 8-aprelda vodvilchi, xor qizi Garriet „Hattie“ Hughesga (1879-1963) uylandi[11]. U Fieldsning sahna koʻrinishining bir qismi boʻlib, uning yordamchisi sifatida paydo boʻldi[12]. Hattie maʼlumotli edi va u Fieldsga sayohatlari davomida oʻqish va yozish boʻyicha dars berdi[13]. Uning taʼsiri ostida Fields ishtiyoqli kitobxonga aylandi va grammatik matnlar, Gomer va Ovidning tarjimalari va Shakespearedan Dickensgacha, Twain va PG Wodehousegacha boʻlgan mualliflarning asarlarini oʻz ichiga olgan bir quti kitob bilan sayohat qildi[14].
Oʻlim[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Fields hayotining soʻnggi 22 oyini Kaliforniyaning Pasadena shahridagi Las Encinas sanatoriyasida oʻtkazdi. 1946-yilda, Rojdestvo kunida katta oshqozon qon ketishiga duch keldi va 66 yoshida vafot etdi[15]. 2004-yilda suratga olingan hujjatli filmga ko‘ra, u hamshiraga ko‘z qisib, jilmayib qo‘ygan, barmog‘ini labiga qo‘yib, vafot etgan[16]. Biograf James Curtisning soʻzlariga koʻra, bu taʼsirli tasvir tasdiqlanmagan va „ehtimol emas“[17]. Fieldsning dafn marosimi 1947-yil 2-yanvarda Kaliforniyaning Glendeyl shahrida boʻlib oʻtdi[18].
Filmografiya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
| Yil | Sarlavha | Rol | Rejissyor |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1915 | (untitled film) | Oʻzi | Ed Wynn |
| 1915 | Pool Sharks | Akula | Edwin Middleton |
| 1915 | His Lordship’s Dilemma | Pul oʻtkazuvchi odam | William Haddock |
| 1924 | Janice Meredith | Britaniyalik serjant | E. Mason Hopper |
| 1925 | Sally of the Sawdust | Professor Eustace P. McGargle | D. W. Griffith |
| 1926 | That Royle Girl | Ota | D. W. Griffith |
| 1926 | Itʼs the Old Army Game | Elmer Prettywillie | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1926 | Soʻs Your Old Man | Samuel Bisbee | Gregory La Cava |
| 1927 | The Potters | Pa Potter | Fred C. Newmeyer |
| 1927 | Running Wild | Elmer Finch | Gregory La Cava |
| 1927 | Two Flaming Youths | J. G. "Gabby" Gilfoil | John S. Waters |
| 1928 | Tillieʼs Punctured Romance | Zargar | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1928 | Fools for Luck | Richard Whitehead | Charles F. Reisner |
| 1930 | The Golf Specialist | J. Effingham Bellwether | Monte Brice |
| 1931 | Her Majesty, Love | Bela Toerrek | William Dieterle |
| 1932 | Million Dollar Legs | President of Klopstokia | Edward Cline |
| 1932 | If I Had a Million | Rollo La Rue | Norman Taurog |
| 1932 | The Dentist | Oʻzi | Leslie Pearce |
| 1933 | The Fatal Glass of Beer | Mr. Snavely | Clyde Bruckman |
| 1933 | The Pharmacist | Mr. Dilweg | Arthur Ripley |
| 1933 | International House | Professor Quail | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1933 | Hip Action | Oʻzi | George Marshall |
| 1933 | The Barber Shop | Cornelius O'Hare | Arthur Ripley |
| 1933 | Hollywood on Parade No. B-2 | Oʻzi | Louis Lewyn |
| 1933 | Tillie and Gus | Augustus Q. Winterbottom | Francis Martin |
| 1933 | Alice in Wonderland | Humpty Dumpty | Norman McLeod |
| 1934 | Six of a Kind | Sheriff "Honest John" Hoxley | Leo McCarey |
| 1934 | You’re Telling Me! | Sam Bisbee | Erle C. Kenton |
| 1934 | Hollywood on Parade No. B-10 | Oʻzi | Louis Lewyn |
| 1934 | The Old Fashioned Way | The Great (Marc Antony) McGonigle | William Beaudine |
| 1934 | Mrs. Wiggs of the Cabbage Patch | Mr. C. Ellsworth Stubbins | Norman Taurog |
| 1934 | Itʼs a Gift | Harold Bissonette | Norman McLeod |
| 1935 | David Copperfield | Wilkins Micawber | George Cukor |
| 1935 | Mississippi | Commodore Orlando Jackson | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1935 | Man on the Flying Trapeze | Ambrose Wolfinger | Clyde Bruckman |
| 1936 | Poppy | Professor Eustace P. McGargle | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1935 | The Big Broadcast of 1938 | T. Frothingill Bellows S. B. Bellows |
Mitchell Leisen |
| 1939 | You Canʼt Cheat an Honest Man | Larson E. Whipsnade | George Marshall |
| 1940 | My Little Chickadee | Cuthbert J. Twillie | Edward Cline |
| 1940 | The Bank Dick | Egbert Sousè | Edward Cline |
| 1941 | Never Give a Sucker an Even Break | Buyuk odam | Edward Cline |
| The Laziest Golfer | Oʻzi | (unknown) | |
| 1942 | Tales of Manhattan | Professor Postlewhistle | Julien Duvivier |
| 1944 | Follow the Boys | Oʻzi | A. Edward Sutherland |
| 1944 | Song of the Open Road | Oʻzi | S. Sylvan Simon |
| 1944 | Sensations of 1945 | Oʻzi | Andrew L. Stone |
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- ↑ "Fields always observed his birthday on January 29, and his death certificate confirms this. … When Fields married Harriet Veronica Hughes in San Francisco, on April 8, 1900, he was twenty years old and, under California law, could not enter into a marriage without parental consent. He therefore gave his birthdate as April 9, 1879, and often used this date thereafter. However, when he applied for a passport later that same year, he swore under oath that his correct birthdate was January 29, 1880." Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 525
- ↑ Obituary Variety, January 1, 1947, p. 46.
- ↑ Louvish, Simon. Man on the Flying Trapeze: The Life and Times of W. C. Fields. London: Faber & Faber, 1997, pp. 29-30.
- ↑ „The Myth of W. C.“. Sun Sentinel.
- ↑ Muster roll of 72nd PA, which did not fight at Lookout Mountain! A photo of James in a Civil War period uniform, c. 1900, shows him missing his right index finger. Reproduced p. 29, Louvish.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 8.
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Louvish, p. 31.
- ↑ 1880 census, Philadelphia, p. 129A
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p, 72.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 85.
- ↑ „W. C. Fields' Widow Wins – Entitled to Half $771,000, Though Long Estranged, Judge Rules“. New York Times. Associated Press (8-iyul 1949-yil), s. 15. Qaraldi: 9-oktabr 2017-yil.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 48.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 50.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 82.
- ↑ „W. C. Fields, 66, Dies; Famed as Comedian – Mimicry Star of the Films Since 1924 Got Start as a $5-a-Week Juggler – Rarely Followed Script – Raspy Remarks and 'Know-It-All' Perspective Made Him Nation-Wide Character“. New York Times. Associated Press (26-dekabr 1946-yil), s. 25. Qaraldi: 9-oktabr 2017-yil. „W. C. Fields, the comedian whose deadpan gestures, raspy remarks and "never give a sucker an even break" characterizations made him a showman beloved the nation over, died today at the age of 66.“.
- ↑ Adamson, J (dir.) W. C. Fields — Straight Up. ASIN 1559746777.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, p. 481.
- ↑ Curtis, James. W. C. Fields: A Biography. New York: A. Knopf, 2003, pp. 481-482.