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Qisqa davrli kometalar roʻyxati

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Davriy kometalar (qisqa davrli kometalar deb ham ataladi) – orbital davrlari 200 yildan kam boʻlgan yoki bir perigeliyadan koʻproq oʻtish paytida kuzatilgan kometalardir[1] (masalan , 153P/Ikeya-Chjan). „Davriy kometa“ baʼzan davriy orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa maʼnosida ham ishlatiladi, hatto davri 200 yildan ortiq boʻlsa ham.

Davriy kometalar, odatda, ikkinchi perigeliyani oʻtishdan keyin doimiy raqam prefiksini oladi, shuning uchun P/2005 T5 (Broughton) kabi bir qator raqamlanmagan davriy kometalar mavjud. Bir perigeliyani oʻtganidan keyin kuzatilmaydigan yoki yoʻqolgan deb taxmin qilingan kometalarga D belgisi beriladi, shuningdek davriy raqam berilgan va keyinchalik yoʻqolgan kometalar ham 3D kabi [n]P oʻrniga [n]D beriladi, 3D/Biela yoki 5D/Brorsen kabi.

Deyarli barcha holatlarda kometalar oʻzlarining kashfiyotchilari sharafiga nomlanadi, biroq 2P/Encke va 27P/Crommelin kabi baʼzi hollarda ular orbitalarini hisoblab chiqqan qurilma (orbita kompyuterlari) nomiga atalgan. Kometalarning uzoq muddatli orbitalarini hisoblash qiyin, chunki maʼlum boʻlgan traektoriyadagi xatolar sayyoralardan tebranishlar bilan toʻplanadi, elektron kompyuterlardan oldingi davrlarda baʼzi olimlar butun hayotlarini shunga bagʻishlashgan. Shunga qaramay, juda koʻp kometalar yoʻqolgan, chunki ularning orbitalari tortishish kuchidan tashqari boshqa unsurlardan ham taʼsirlangan, masalan, gaz va kometa dumini hosil qiluvchi boshqa moddalarning chiqishi.

Davriy kometalar baʼzan bir xil nom bilan atalgan (masalan, toʻqqizta Shoemaker-Levi kometasi yoki yigirma toʻrtta NEAT kometasi); XAI tizimi ularni raqam prefiksi yoki toʻliq belgilash orqali ajratadi (masalan, 181P va 192P/Shoemaker–Levy ikkalasi ham „Kometa Shoemaker–Levy“). Adabiyotda davriy kometalarga norasmiy raqamlash tizimi qoʻllanadi (davriy boʻlmaganlarni oʻtkazib yuboradi), shuning uchun 181P va 192P mos ravishda Shoemaker-Levy 6 va Comet Shoemaker-Levy 1 deb nomlanadi. Davriy boʻlmagan Shoemaker-Levy kometalari quyidagi ketma-ketlikda qoʻyilgan: C/1991 B1 2 va 3 orasida, C/1991 T2 5 va 6 orasida, C/1993 K1 va C/1994 E2Shoemaker-Levy 9 dan keyin.

Kometa nomenklaturasida „ /“ dan oldingi harf „C“ (davriy boʻlmagan kometa), „P“ (davriy kometa), „D“ (yoʻqolgan yoki parchalangan kometa), „X“ (aniq orbitasini hisoblab boʻlmaydigan kometa – odatda tarixiy kometa) lar qoʻllanadi. „I“ yoki „A“ yulduzlararo obyekt yoki notoʻgʻri kometa sifatida aniqlangan, lekin aslida kichik sayyora boʻlgan obyekt uchun ishlatiladi[1], yoki giperbolik orbitadagi kometalar faolligini koʻrsatmaydigan obyekt uchun ham shu harflardan foydalaniladi[2]. Baʼzi roʻyxatlarda „C“ prefiksi kometalarning qaytishi tasdiqlanmaguncha taxminan 30 yildan kattaroq davrlar uchun saqlanadi[3].

Yupiter oilasiga mansub raqamsiz kometalari roʻyxati

[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Yupiter oilasi kometalari rasman 2 < T Yupiter < 3 bilan aniqlangan boʻlsa-da, ular 20 yildan kamroq muddatga ega boʻlgan, nisbatan past moyillik va Yupiternikiga toʻgʻri keladigan orbitaga ega boʻlgan har qanday kometa sifatida ham erkin taʼriflanishi mumkin. Bu kometalar koʻpincha yaxshi kuzatilmayadi, chunki sayyora bilan orbital oʻzaro taʼsir koʻpincha kometalarning orbitalarini bezovta qiladi, bu esa ularni osmonda kutilgan holatda topilmasligiga va keyinchalik yoʻqolishiga olib keladi. Bundan tashqari, ularning past kotarali albedolari va Oort bulutiga nisbatan Quyoshga tez-tez yaqinliklari kometalar ularning uchuvchi moddalarni tezroq yoʻq boʻlishiga olib keladi, bu ularni uzoqroq orbital davrlarga ega boʻlgan kometalarga qaraganda nisbatan xiraroq koʻrinishiga olib keladi.

Kometa belgisi Nomi Eksantriklik Katta yarim oʻq (AU) Orbital davr (yil) Nishab (°) Perigeliy (AU) Mutlaq kattalik Oxirgi perigeliysi Keyingi kuzatilmagan perigeliy
X/1979 O3Kowal0.333.095.441.752.0715.81979/07/261985
X/1981 R1Stattmayer0.262.453.8411.001.2813.41981/08/181986
3200 PhaetonIRAS0.889902151.2712052531.4322.2457860.1399569714.62020/12/072022/05/15
X/1991 G1Meyer0.442.413.735.961.3618.71991/04/111995
P/2012 T2PANSTARRS0.1595.73513.7312.5624.82310.22013/04/102026/12/31
P/2012 T3PANSTARRS0.6025.99014.669.512.3914.82012/04/152026/12/24
P/2012 U2PANSTARRS0.506577.352219.9410.53453.627812.12012/12/042032/11/12
P/2013 A2Scotti0.455844.001483.36612.17739162021/02/072029/02/24
P/2013 G1Kowalski0.512376.876518.035.468673.35309910.32013/12/102031/12/21
P/2013 G4PANSTARRS0.41044.4329.335.9262.613215.12013/02/092022/06/09
P/2013 J2McNaught0.6561466.2463415.6115.495532.14782810.82013/08/222029/04/02
P/2013 N5PANSTARRS0.73196.80117.7423.24251.8230514.72013/07/022031/03/29
P/2013 O2PANSTARRS0.438943.824917.4813.307062.140113.12021/06/092028/10/13
P/2013 R3Catalina-PANSTARRS0.273453.032935.280.898932.203586.42013/08/052018/11/15
P/2013 R3-ACatalina-PANSTARRS0.27333.03275.280.8982.20382013/08/052018/11/15
P/2013 R3-BCatalina-PANSTARRS0.27333.03275.280.89962.20382013/08/052018/11/15
P/2013 T1PANSTARRS0.62335.86714.2124.212.210516.62013/07/312027/10/16
P/2013 T2Schwartz0.528493.39266.259.35211.5996214.42013/06/202020/09/19
P/2013 W1PANSTARRS0.593883.48576.514.699511.41561416.52014/03/082020/09/11
P/2014 A2Hill0.649835.924814.4224.51352.0746813.42013/10/282027/03/30
P/2014 A3PANSTARRS0.2424.679610.1213.67063.54712.52013/04/182023/06/01
P/2014 C1TOTAS0.4463.0435.312.67961.685715.62013/12/182019/04/10
P/2014 E1Larson0.4231843.711987.1515.979162.14113314.52021/07/162028/10/02
P/2014 L2NEOWISE0.6467636.3258915.915.184412.2345418.62014/07/152030/06/15
P/2014 M4PANSTARRS0.595575.813914.023.345192.351313.12014/12/272029/01/02
P/2014 R5Lemmon-PANSTARRS0.41284.06348.191.08812.385913.12014/06/172022/08/25
P/2014 U4PANSTARRS0.47113.48536.516.45711.843415.42014/08/032020/02/05
P/2014 V1PANSTARRS0.448232.613.42014/12/182023
P/2014 W4PANSTARRS0.353126.587716.9115.27384.261506.12015/12/292032/11/26
P/2015 C1TOTAS-Gibbs0.562566.612617.0013.87742.8926412.82015/05/012032/05/01
C/2015 D1SOHO0.99434.91169.620.0283214.72015/02/192026
P/2015 D6Lemmon-PANSTARRS0.36967.23919.4820.18394.563711.02015/07/132035/01/03
P/2015 F1PANSTARRS0.278253.521426.612.804402.5416012.22021/10/222028/06/15
P/2015 J3NEOWISE0.554043.35036.138.12523.350315.92021/04/192027/05/21
P/2015 K5PANSTARRS0.55406.69417.3239.9872.986113.72015/06/062032/09/30
P/2015 M2PANSTARRS0.178967.201719.333.97415.91288.22015/08/312024/12/29
P/2015 P4PANSTARRS0.584246.073614.978.713752.525166.52016/01/192031/01/08
C/2015 R1PANSTARRS0.632865.898214.3222.66832.1654513.42015/06/252030/01/04
P/2015 R2PANSTARRS0.4404.369.114.82.4415.82015/06/192021/07/29
P/2015 T3PANSTARRS0.433.97.712.22.2115.02015/03/122023
P/2015 W2Catalina0.634117.320019.8011.61132.6783413.72015/09/302035/07/19
P/2015 X1PANSTARRS0.420393.62926.9112.16222.1035516.32015/10/102022/09/07
P/2015 X3PANSTARRS0.43825.02411.2624.382.82214.52015/08/072026/11/09
P/2015 X6PANSTARRS0.17002.7564.574.55832.287316.12016/03/182020/07/08
P/2016 A2Christensen0.2744.7510.3426.83.4512.12015/06/162025/10/19
P/2016 A7PANSTARRS0.566625.022511.2616.63742.176657.32016/02/252027/05/31
P/2016 G1PANSTARRS0.210032.583224.1510.96852.0406814.72017/01/262021/03/21
P/2016 J1-APANSTARRS0.2282653.172095.6514.330192.4480116.52016/06/242022/02/16
P/2016 J1-BPANSTARRS0.2282313.172015.6514.33122.4480616.82016/06/242022/02/16
P/2016 J3STEREO0.88035263.9026047.7125.329920.46713.32016/05/212024/02/05
P/2016 R4Gibbs0.475065.335012.3210.86212.8005213.12016/07/202028/11/13
P/2017 B4PANSTARRS0.3604.379.119.92.8014.62017/01/212026/05/06
P/2017 D1Fuls0.440334.8024410.5220.73262.68813.42016/06/282027/01/06
P/2017 K3Gasparovic0.581255.57427213.164.278722.334214.62017/05/312030/07/29
P/2017 R1PANSTARRS0.1950054.13258.402.572653.3266913.92017/04/072025/09/01
P/2017 S8PANSTARRS0.3936962.776214.6329.859941.6832214.82018/01/282022/09/13
P/2017 S9PANSTARRS0.304573.156595.6114.13802.1951816.82017/07/232023/03/03
P/2017 U3PANSTARRS0.09974.93610.9715.9094.44411.12019/04/222030/04/09
P/2018 A4PANSTARRS0.781810.97436.353.14232.3956.92018/05/192054
P/2018 A5PANSTARRS0.52305.64813.4223.5772.69413.92017/09/232031
P/2018 C1Lemmon-Read0.53455.57713.175.13502.59613.92018/02/242031
P/2018 H2PANSTARRS0.53984.4059.257.3892.02715.42018/01/232027
P/2018 L1PANSTARRS0.48223.6426.9510.5881.88614.62018/11/122025
P/2018 L4PANSTARRS0.65984.92810.9426.6191.6768.92018/07/312029
P/2018 L5Leonard0.3633553.618156.882.2092.30356.82018/05/042025
P/2018 P3PANSTARRS0.41683.015775.248.912571.75917.82018/10/082024
P/2018 P4PANSTARRS0.4496.65617.1723.1083.666412.12018/11/062036
C/2018 P5PANSTARRS0.640512.7296845.427.25684.5766.52019/02/262064
P/2018 V5Trujillo-Sheppard0.4758.96126.8310.584.718.52018/10/032045
P/2018 Y2Africano0.47917.476520.4411.6873.8946112019/01/022039
P/2019 A1PANSTARRS0.56895.130711.6213.7442.211713.72018/10/112030
P/2019 A2ATLAS0.38205.733113.7314.8563.54310.82018/11/212032
P/2019 A3PANSTARRS0.26483.14715.5815.3662.313414.92018/08/012024
P/2019 A4PANSTARRS0.08962.61354.2313.31902.379415.42018/12/052023
P/2019 A6Lemmon – PANSTARRS0.63925.372512.4533.22831.938514.52018/08/292031
P/2019 A8PANSTARRS0.43873.35446.142.96671.882813.62018/09/022024
P/2019 B2Groeller0.37293.85347.5616.82872.41656.62019/06/082026
P/2019 F2ATLAS0.865116.550867.3319.18742.23286.22019/09/082086
P/2019 M2ATLAS0.64853.0265.2612.28201.063421.22019/06/222024
P/2019 S2PANSTARRS0.20674.73310.3010.47303.755313.12019/02/202029
P/2019 S3PANSTARRS0.47063.4136.318.6921.806717.92019/08/262025
P/2019 T6PANSTARRS0.62355.45412.7418.75742.053415.72019/11/082032
P/2019 U4PANSTARRS0.47523.5206.6011.69231.847118.62019/09/182026
P/2019 W1PANSTARRS0.26604.5509.7123.46193.339913.22019/05/072029
P/2019 X1Pruyne0.30266.17415.3410.24654.305510.32019/07/202034
P/2019 X2PANSTARRS0.49933.6436.9515.88161.824118.12019/12/092026
P/2019 Y3Catalina0.69562.9965.1924.6340.9119619.22019/12/132025
P/2020 G1Pimentel0.85963.6036.8418.47270.505818.72020/03/172027
P/2020 K9Lemmon-PANSTARRS0.32214.2048.6223.20262.849512.32021/02/122029
P/2020 M1PANSTARRS0.47705.08711.478.63282.660910.12019/12/212031
P/2020 O1Lemmon-PANSTARRS0.11992.6474.315.22352.328415.92020/05/032024
P/2020 O3PANSTARRS0.10614.66210.078.44284.167412.32021/01/262031
P/2020 Q2PANSTARRS0.505510.92336.105.40183.310010.92020/02/072056
P/2020 R5PANSTARRS0.31454.978811.1111.45433.41307.52020/05/282031
P/2020 S1PANSTARRS0.507259.81114.6313.73492.947317.52021/01/162038
P/2020 S5PANSTARRS0.33834.04828.1512.35422.678714.72020/08/082028
P/2020 S6Leonard0.47903.5996.8315.45971.87489.02020/11/232027
P/2020 S7PANSTARRS0.41065.023811.2616.09222.961014.62020/11/182032
P/2020 T3PANSTARRS0.59153.51686.607.2961.436613.22021/01/202027
P/2020 U2PANSTARRS0.51053.7777.346.4211.8499.22020/12/252028
P/2020 W1Rankin0.26497.19319.2910.7925.28810.42020/04/042039
P/2020 X1ATLAS0.36414.51869.6131.66722.87312.52020/07/212030
P/2020 X2ATLAS0.766316.378966.2918.19173.82910.52020/11/152087
P/2021 A5PANSTARRS0.13983.0475.3218.1882.620915.02020/11/112026
P/2021 L2Leonard0.52184.0538.1621.0691.93915.82021/07/242029
P/2021 L4PANSTARRS0.11873.1655.6316.9622.78913.82019/09/042025
P/2021 N1ZTF0.67682.9775.8411.5060.96217.82021/06/062026
P/2021 N2Fuls0.45246.93318.2613.0633.7978.62021/11/132039
P/2021 P3PANSTARRS0.34054.42169.29827.1562.9164.92021/05/312030
P/2021 Q5ATLAS0.62423.2855.95510.7341.23515.82021/08/302027
P/2021 R3PANSTARRS0.33193.78047.3519.9332.52618.22021/05/272028
P/2021 R4Wierzchos0.58625.620413.3221.0402.32616.32021/10/132034
P/2021 R5Rankin0.30764.798710.517.8523.3237.32022/01/112032
P/2021 R6Groeller0.59326.27415.71634.9262.55214.92021/10/312037
P/2021 U3Attard-Maury0.55004.1938.58769.9661.88716.82021/10/242030
P/2021 V3PANSTARRS0.25224.5609.7383.6903.4107.72012/11/242022
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