DYNAMO (dasturlash tili)

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya

DYNAMO ( DYNAmic Models ) - bu simulyatsiya tili va tizim dinamikasi analitik tizimi doirasida ishlab chiqilgan grafik belgilar. Bu dastlab sanoat dinamikasi uchun edi, lekin tez orada aholi va resurslarni o'rganish[1][2] va shahar rejalashtirish[3][4] kabi boshqa ilovalarga ham kengaytirildi.

DYNAMO dastlab 1950-yillarning oxirida Jey Rayt Forrester boshchiligida MIT hisoblash markazida doktor Phyllis Fox[5][6], Aleksandr L. Pugh III, Greys Dyuren[7] va boshqalar[8] tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan[9].

DYNAMO Rim klubining o'sish chegaralari kitobida e'lon qilingan global resurslarning kamayishi tizim dinamikasini simulyatsiya qilish uchun ishlatilgan[1], biroq o'shandan beri foydalanilmay qolgan.

Boshlanishlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

1958 yilda Forrester MIT xodimidan dasturchidan ba'zi tenglamalar uchun kerakli echimlarni hisoblashni so'raganida, Garvard Business Review jurnalida sanoat dinamikasi haqida yozayotgani uchun, o'zi bilmagan holda DYNAMO ning rivojlanishiga turtki berdi[10][11]. Dasturchi Richard Bennett kodlangan tenglamalarni ramziy kiritish va hisoblangan yechimlar sifatida qabul qiladigan tizimni (SODD - "Sanoatni boshqarish muammolarini ko'p tenglamalar bilan simulyatsiya qilish") amalga oshirishni tanladi. SIMPLE DYNAMO uchun kontseptsiyaning isbotiga aylandi: foydalanuvchilar umumiy maqsadli dasturlash tilida maxsus maqsadli hal qiluvchini "qattiq kodlash" mutaxassis dasturchisiga ega bo'lish o'rniga, foydalanuvchilar maxsus simulyatsiya tilida tizim tenglamalarini belgilashlari va simulyatsiya natijalarini olishlari mumkin edi. bitta dasturning bajarilishi.

Dizayn maqsadlari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

DYNAMO quyidagilarni ta'kidlash uchun ishlab chiqilgan:

  • sanoat dinamikasini modellashtirish jamiyati uchun foydalanish qulayligi (ular mutaxassis dasturchilar deb hisoblanmagan);
  • oraliq ob'ekt faylini yaratmasdan, kompilyatsiya qilingan modelni darhol bajarish; va
  • chiziqli printer va qalam plotter grafiklari bilan grafik chiqishni ta'minlash.

DYNAMO o'sha vaqt standartlaridan yuqori bo'lgan usullar orasida raqamli turlarni tekshirish birliklari va nisbatan aniq xato xabarlari mavjud edi.

Amalga oshirish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Dastlabki versiyalar IBM 704, so'ngra IBM 709 va IBM 7090 uchun montaj tilida yozilgan. DYNAMO II Algol 60[12][13] ning kengaytirilgan versiyasi bo'lgan AED-0 da yozilgan. 1971 yilda Dynamo II/F portativ FORTRAN kodini[14] yaratdi va Dynamo II/F ham, Dynamo III ham FORTRAN[14][15]-da yozilishi orqali tizimning portativligini yaxshiladi.

Dastlab asosiy kompyuterlarda ommaviy ishlov berish uchun moʻljallangan boʻlib, u 1970[16]-yillarning oxirida mini-kompyuterlarda sotuvga qoʻyildi va 1980[17]-yillarning boshida shaxsiy kompyuterlarda "mikro-dinamo" sifatida foydalanish mumkin boʻldi. Til 1983[18] yilda DYNAMO II dan DYNAMO IV ga qadar bir nechta tahrirlardan o'tdi

Ta'sir va muammolar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

O'sish chegaralari to'g'risidagi bahs-munozaralar natijasida yuzaga kelgan atrof-muhit muammolariga (bilvosita sezilgan) jamoatchilik ta'siridan tashqari, DYNAMO diskret-hodisalar simulyatsiyasi tarixida ta'sirli edi, garchi u mohiyatan farq tenglamalari[19] orqali aniqlangan uzluksiz simulyatsiya paketi bo'lsa ham. Ba'zilarning aytishicha, bu hatto nisbatan past darajadagi matematik foydalanuvchilar uchun ham kompyuterni modellashtirish uchun imkoniyatlar ochgan. Boshqa tomondan, u matematik murakkablik talab qilinishi kerak bo'lgan zaif [2][20] va faqat Eyler integratsiyasiga[3] tayanishi uchun ham tanqid qilindi.

Eslatmalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Meadows, Donella. The limits to growth: the 30-year update. Chelsea Green Pub., 2004 — 285 bet. ISBN 1-931498-51-2.  Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "limits" defined multiple times with different content
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Taylor, Peter J.. Unruly complexity: ecology, interpretation, engagement. University Of Chicago Press, 2005. ISBN 0-226-79036-3.  Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "picardi" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Karayanakis, Nicholas Mark. Computer-assisted simulation of dynamic systems with block diagram languages. CRC Press, 24 June 1993. ISBN 0-8493-8971-2. 
  4. ↑ Swanson, Carl V.; Raymond J., Waldmann (September 1970). "A Simulation Model Of Economic Growth Dynamics". Journal of the American Planning Association (Routledge: Taylor & Francis Group) 36 (5): 314–322. doi:10.1080/01944367008977327. 
  5. ↑ „Resume and brief autobiography for Phyllis Fox, for Wellesley College Class of 1944 Record Book“. SIAM history website (1974-yil yanvar).
  6. ↑ Michael J. Radzicki. Origin of System Dynamics. U.S. Department of Energy Office of Policy and International Affairs. 2011-yil 23-sentyabrda qaraldi. 
  7. ↑ Haigh. „Phyllis Fox“ (PDF). The History of Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Oral Histories. Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (2005). Qaraldi: 2010-yil 12-may.
  8. ↑ „D-Memos 0 - 499“. System Dynamics Society. 2017-yil 23-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 8-may.
  9. ↑ DYNAMO User's Manual. MIT Press, 1963 — 2–3 bet. 
  10. ↑ Forrester, J.W.. Industrial Dynamics. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 1961. ISBN 1-883823-36-6. 
  11. ↑ „"The Beginning of System Dynamics," Jay W. Forrester“. 2010-yil 14-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 8-may.
  12. ↑ Ross, D.T.; Ward, J.E. (May 1967), „Investigations in Computer-Aided Design for Numerically Controlled Production“, Tech Report, Electronic Systems Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Department, MIT
  13. ↑ Sammet, J.E.. Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals. Prentice Hall, Aug 1969 — 651 bet. ISBN 0-13-729988-5. 
  14. ↑ 14,0 14,1 "Proceedings of the Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation". Annual Pittsburgh Conference on Modeling and Simulation (University of Pittsburgh. School of Engineering: Instrument Society of America. Pittsburgh Section): 1270. 1975. ISSN 0198-0092. https://books.google.com/books?id=MwYqAQAAIAAJ&q=dynamo.ii+fortran. Qaraldi: 12 May 2010. DYNAMO (dasturlash tili)]]
  15. ↑ Computer & Control Abstracts, Volume 11, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers p.1591
  16. ↑ "'Dynamo' Now on Minis". Computerworld. 5 Jun 1978. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=9XkbAAAAIBAJ&pg=6221,5184477&dq=pugh-roberts+dynamo&hl=en. 
  17. ↑ Roberts, Nancy. Introduction to computer simulation: the system dynamics approach. Addison-Wesley, September 1982. ISBN 0-201-06414-6. 
  18. ↑ DYNAMO User's Manual, Sixth Edition, ISBN 0-262-66052-0
  19. ↑ "A History of Discrete Event Simulation Programming Languages", Richard E. Nance, TR 93-21, Dept. of Comp. Sci., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (cross-listed as Systems Research Center report SRC 93-003), June 11, 1993
  20. ↑ "An interview with Phyllis A. Fox", SIAM website oral history, p.26 : "Besides the servo-mechanism approach, [Forrester] used extrapolation, which is notoriously problematic, and unstable. You know yourself that you can’t extrapolate forever. It doesn’t work."

Bibliografiya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • Dinamo bilan tizim dinamikasini modellashtirishga kirish (1981), Jorj P. Richardson; Aleksandr L. Pugh III, Pegasus Communications,ISBN 1-883823-43-9
  • Atrof-muhitni modellashtirish: Atrof-muhit tizimlarini tizim dinamikasiga modellashtirishga kirish (1999), Endryu Ford, Island Press,ISBN 1-55963-601-7
    • D ilovasi: Dinamo
  • "Ko'zda tutilmagan oqibatlar payg'ambari", Lourens M. Fisher, strategiya+biznes №40 2005 yil kuz [1]
  • Korporativ rejalashtirish va siyosatni loyihalash: tizim dinamikasiga yondashuv (1981), Jeyms M. Lyneis, (Tizim dinamikasida MIT Press/Rayt-Allen seriyasi)ISBN 0-262-12083-6
  • Ta'lim tashkilotlari uchun modellashtirish (2000), Jon DW Morecroft, Jon D. Sterman; mahsuldorlik matbuoti (tizim dinamikasi seriyasi) (qattiq muqovali)ISBN 1-56327-250-4
  • Cheklangan dunyoda o'sish dinamikasi (1974), Dennis L. Meadows, Rayt-Allen Press,ISBN 0-9600294-4-3
    • Ilova C: DYNAMO oqim diagrammasini qanday o'qish kerak;
    • Ilova D: Dinamo tenglamalarini qanday o'qish kerak
    • E ilovasi: DYNAMO grafik chiqishini qanday o'qish kerak
  • Kompyuter yordamida nazariyani qurish: dinamik ijtimoiy tizimlarni modellashtirish (1988), doktor Robert Xanneman, Sage Publications, Inc., 0803929617
  • Menejment fanida kompyuter simulyatsiyasi (1998), Maykl Pidd, Wiley,ISBN 0-471-97931-7
  • Ijtimoiy olim uchun simulyatsiya (2005), G. Nayjel Gilbert, Klaus G. Troitzsch, Open University Press,ISBN 0-335-21600-5

Havolalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • DYNAMO - qo'llanmadan ko'chirma batafsilroq tarixni o'z ichiga oladi.
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