Bir makon bir yoʻl tashabbusi

Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusi ( BRI yoki B&R ), ilgari Bir belbog', bir yo'l ( xitoycha: 一带一路 ) yoki qisqacha OBOR – 2013-yilda Xitoy hukumati tomonidan 150 ga yaqin davlat va xalqaro tashkilotlarga sarmoya kiritish uchun qabul qilingan global infratuzilmani rivojlantirish strategiyasidir. Bu Xitoy yetakchisi Si Tszinpin tashqi siyosatining markaziy qismi hisoblanadi. BRI Si "Yirik mamlakat diplomatiyasi" ning markaziy tarkibiy qismini tashkil qiladi ( xitoycha: 大国外交 Xitoyning kuchayib borayotgan qudrati va mavqeiga muvofiq global ishlarda yetakchilik ro'lini zimmasiga olishga chaqiradigan strategiya. Bu Amerika marshal rejasi bilan solishtiriladi. 202-yil avgust holatiga ko'ra , 149 mamlakat Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusiga a'zo bo'lganlar ro'yxatiga kiritilgan.

Si dastlab 2013-yil sentabr oyida Qozog‘istonga rasmiy tashrifi chog‘ida strategiyani “Ipak yo‘lining iqtisodiy kamari” deb e’lon qildi "Kamar" " Ipak yo'li iqtisodiy kamari "ning qisqartmasi bo'lib, G'arbiy mintaqalarning mashhur tarixiy savdo yo'llari bo'ylab dengizga chiqmaydigan Markaziy Osiyo orqali avtomobil va temir yo'l tashish uchun tavsiya etilgan quruqlik yo'nalishlarini nazarda tutadi; "yo'l" esa " XXI asr dengiz ipak yo'li "ning qisqartmasi bo'lib, Janubiy-Sharqiy Osiyo orqali Janubiy Osiyo, Yaqin Sharq va Afrikaga olib boradigan Hind-Tinch okeani dengiz yo'llarini nazarda tutadi. Belt and Road Initiative infratuzilma investitsiyalariga misollar qatoriga portlar, osmonoʻpar binolar, temir yoʻllar, yoʻllar, koʻpriklar, aeroportlar, toʻgʻonlar, koʻmir bilan ishlaydigan elektr stantsiyalari va temir yoʻl tunnellarining ko'paytirilishi kiradi.

Tashabbus 2018 yilda Xitoy Konstitutsiyasiga kiritilgan. O'shanda Si Tszinpin ma'muriyati tashabbusni "mintaqaviy aloqalarni kuchaytirish va porloq kelajakka intilish" deb atadi. Loyiha 2049-yilda yakunlanishini maqsad qilgan bu Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi (XXR) tashkil topganining 100 yilligi munosabatiga bog'liq.

Jahon banki tomonidan o'tkazilgan ko'plab tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusining 149 ishtirokchi davlatdagi savdo oqimlarini 4,1 foizga oshirishi, shuningdek, global savdo xarajatlarini 1,1 foizdan 2,2 foizga qisqartirishi va Sharqiy Osiyo va Tinch okeani mintaqasidagi rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarning yalpi ichki mahsulotini oshirishi mumkin. Bu ko'rsatkich o'rtacha 2,6 dan 3,9 foizgachani tashkil qilishi kutilgan. Londonda joylashgan CEBR maslahatchilarining fikriga ko'ra, Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusi 2040 yilga kelib jahon yalpi ichki mahsulotini yiliga 7,1 trillion dollarga oshirishi mumkin, va "foydalar keng tarqaladi". CEBR shuningdek, agar global infratuzilma tashabbusi rivojlanib, jadal rivojlansa, loyiha boshqa mamlakatlarni qo'shilishga jalb qilishi mumkin degan xulosaga kelgan.

Qo'llab-quvvatlovchilar Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusini jahon yalpi ichki mahsulotini, xususan, rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlarda oshirish salohiyati uchun maqtashadi. Shu bilan birga, inson huquqlarining buzilishi va atrof-muhitga ta'siri, shuningdek, neokolonializm va iqtisodiy imperializmga olib keladigan qarz tuzog'i diplomatiyasi xavotirlari ham tanqid qilingan.

Loyihalar

Bir kamar va yo'l tashabbusi. Xitoy qizil rangda. Osiyo infratuzilma sarmoyalari banki a'zolari to'q sariq rangda.

Bir kamar va yo'l tashabbusi bilan bog'liq hamkorlik hujjatlarini imzolagan davlatlar

Xitoy Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusga 149 davlat va 30 xalqaro tashkilotni jalb qilgan. Infratuzilma loyihalariga portlar, temir yo'llar, avtomobil yo'llari, elektr stantsiyalari, aviatsiya va telekommunikatsiyalar kiritilgan. Eng muhim loyihalar qatoriga Xitoy-Pokiston iqtisodiy koridori, Laosdagi Boten-Ventyan temir yoʻli va Xorgʻas quruqlik porti hisoblanadi.

2014 yildan 2018 yilgacha mamlakat bo'yicha BRI investitsiyalari milliard dollarda

Qurilish	Sarmoya	Qurilish	Sarmoya
</img> Pokiston	31.9	</img> Singapur	24.3
</img> Nigeriya	23.2	</img> Malayziya	14.1
</img> Bangladesh	17.5	</img> Rossiya Federatsiyasi	10.4
</img> Indoneziya	16.8	</img> Indoneziya	9.4
</img> Malayziya	15.8	</img> Janubiy Koreya	8.1
</img> Misr	15.3	</img> Isroil	7.9
</img> BAA	14.7	</img> Pokiston	7.6

Qo'llab-quvvatlash

Bugungi kunga qadar bu strategiyaga 130 dan ortiq davlat ma'qullagan. Moskva Xitoyning dastlabki hamkori bo'lgan va Rossiya va Xitoy hozirda tabiiy gaz quvurlari va Qutb ipak yo'li kabi 150 ta umumiy loyihalarga ega. 2015-yil mart oyida Rossiya Bosh vazirining birinchi oʻrinbosari Igor Shuvalov “Rossiya Ipak yoʻli iqtisodiy kamarini oʻzining anʼanaviy, mintaqaviy taʼsir doirasiga tahdid sifatida koʻrmasligi kerak [...], balki Yevroosiyo iqtisodiy ittifoqi uchun imkoniyat sifatida” taʼkidladi.

Polsha prezidenti Anjey Duda va Xitoy yetakchisi Si Tszinpin 2016 yilning iyun oyida strategik hamkorlik to‘g‘risidagi deklaratsiyani imzolagan edi.

2016 yil iyun oyida Polsha prezidenti Anjey Duda Xitoy rahbari Si Tszinpin bilan uchrashib, “Polsha kompaniyalari Bir makon bir yo'l tashabbusdan katta foyda olishini aytdi. Duda va Si strategik sheriklik to'g'risidagi deklaratsiyani imzoladilar shu bilan unda ular Polsha va Xitoy bir-birlarini uzoq muddatli strategik sheriklar sifatida ko'rishlarini yana bir bor ta'kidladilar.

Rossiya Prezidenti Vladimir Putin va Xitoy rahbari Si Tszinpin 2022-yil 4-fevral

Yana qarang

• Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation
• Asia-Africa Growth Corridor
• Asian Highway Network
• Blue Banana
• Forum on China-Africa Cooperation
• China-Arab States Cooperation Forum
• Blue Dot Network – counter-initiative by the United States
• Build Back Better World – counter-initiative by the G7
• Eurasian Land Bridge
• Eurasia Continental Bridge corridor
• Golden Banana
• International North–South Transport Corridor
• List of the largest trading partners of China
• Maritime Silk Road
• Trans-Asian Railway
• List of ports and harbours of the Atlantic Ocean
  • Ports of the Baltic Sea
  • Channel Ports – ports and harbours of the English Channel
  • List of North Sea ports – ports of the North Sea and its influent rivers
  • List of coastal settlements of the Mediterranean Sea
• List of ports and harbors of the Arctic Ocean
• List of ports and harbours of the Indian Ocean
• List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean
• Southern Ocean – See Category: Ports and harbors of Antarctica
  • Iceports
  • Ice pier – McMurdo Station
  • Silk Road

Adabiyotlar

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