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Tulipa sprengeri

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Tulipa sprengeri
Ilmiy tasniflash edit
Missing taxonomy template (fix): Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species:
Template:Taxonomy/TulipaAndoza:Speciesbox/trim Andoza:Speciesbox/getSpecies
Binomial name
Template:Taxonomy/TulipaAndoza:Speciesbox/trim Andoza:Speciesbox/getSpecies
Baker
Synonyms

Tulipa brachyanthera Andoza:Au

Tulipa sprengeri yoki Sprenger lolasi - Turkiyaning Pontiya qirg'og'ida joylashgan yovvoyi lola hisoblanadi. Bu juda kam uchraydi va yovvoyi tabiatda yoʻq boʻlib ketishi havfi mavjud biroq manzarali oʻsimlik sifatida keng oʻstiriladi[1].

Daniel Xoll uni Kolpakowskiana guruhiga, keyinroq "yolg'iz turlar" ga kiritdi [2][3]. Wessel Marais uni yalang'och filamenti tufayli Tulipa bo'limiga joylashtirdi[4]. Genetik jihatdan, u Eriostemonlar bo'limiga tegishli hisoblanadi, hatto u tukli ipga ega bo'lmasa ham, odatda bu uning xususiy belgisi sifatida ko'riladi, yalang'och filamentlar esa Lolalar guruhiga mansub[5]. U diploiddir tooʻplamga ega[6].

Sprenger lolasi
  • T. brachyanthera Frey. , 1896-yilda Jozef Frans Freyn tomonidan tasvirlangan va JJ Manissadjian tomonidan 1894-yilda Amasiyada to'plangan[7][8].

Tavsifi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Lolaning tanasi qog'ozsimon, yalang'och, kashtan rangli va poya yaqinida ozgina tuklar mavjud. Besh-oltita barglari chiziqli-lanselatsimon, yorqin yashil va bargi 25 tagacha boradi. Har bir poyada faqat bitta gul bor, kurtaklari tik va yorqin yashil rangga ega[9]. Gul bazan dog'siz yorqin qizil rangga ega[10]. Barlarning tepalar uzun va qirrali, cho'zinchoq-elliptik tashqi tepalari biroz qisqaroq va tashqi tomoni och jigarrang yoki sarg'ish, ba'zan o'rta qovurg'a bo'ylab yashil chok bor, uchi tomon kengayadi. Ular bazida juda tor bo'lib, ko'pincha bo'sh joy qoldiradilar. Gulning o'zi yulduzsimon. Filamentlari yalang'och, tepasi och qizil, tagida och sariq, 19-22 mm uzunligi, taxminan. 1 uchida mm kengligida, shishgan taglik 3-4 mm kengligida[11]. Anterlar sariq rangda[12]. Angliyada u may va iyun oyining boshida gullaydi. Yovvoyi tabiatda gullash vaqti noma'lum.

Tarixi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

O'simlik Yevropaga 1892-yilda nemis bog'boni Mühlendorff tomonidan Amasya yaqinida kashf etilgan. U o'simlikning tavsifini nashr etgan bog'bon Karl Sprenger sharafiga nomlangan[13]. Birinchi ilmiy tavsif J. Gilbert Beyker tomonidan 1894-yilda "Bog'bonlar xronikasi" da ishlab chiqarilgan[14]. Myulendorff Italiyaning Neapol yaqinidagi Damman&Cie bolalar bog'chasiga lola jo'natgan, keyinchalik u 1895-1898-yillar oralig'ida yevropalik bog'bonlarga ko'plab lampalar yetkazib bergan[15]. Merzifonlik arman o‘qituvchisi J.J.Manissadijan Gollandiyaning Van Tubergen va Jon Hug kompaniyasiga lampochka yetkazib berdi[16][17]. U shuningdek, Iris gatesii kabi boshqa noyob o'simliklarni gollandiyalik tijorat bog'bonlariga sotdi[18]. Shubhasiz, yovvoyi tabiatdan juda ko'p lampalar olingan va o'simlik yo'q bo'lib ketgan[19]. Keyinchalik u mamlakatni tark etishga majbur bo'ldi[20]. Izmirlik ingliz Edvard Uittal Damman & Sprengerni ham yetkazib berganga o'xshaydi[21]. Birinchi jahon urushidan buyon yovvoyi o'simliklar qayd etilmagan[22].

O'simlikning yovvoyi yashash joyining tavsifi hozircha mavjud emas[23]. Sprenger lolasi 30 dan ortiq botanika bog'larida o'stiriladi, ular orasida Kew, Kopengagen, Bonn va Edinburg, u tijorat pitomniklarida ham keng tarqalgan. M. Rixning fikricha, u hali yovvoyi tabiatda qayta kashf etilishi mumkin[24][25].

Istanbuldagi Otaturk daraxtzori Kew Gardens bilan hamkorlikda reintroduksiya loyihasini boshladi[26]. Genetika tadqiqotlari shuni ko'rsatdiki, Kewda etishtirilgan lolalar nisbatan keng genetik xilma-xillikni saqlab qolgan[27]. JJ "Manissaadjian" tomonidan Van Tubergenga yetkazib berilgan bitta lola haqidagi hikoya soxta ko'rinadi[28].

Sprenger lolasi o'sishi oson[29]. Uni naturalizatsiya qilish mumkin. Sprenger lolasi shuningdek, muvaffaqiyatli o'z-o'zidan urug'lar, urug'lar tabaqalanishi kerak. O'simlik gullash davriga qadar faqat to'rt yil kerak. O'simlik quyoshli joyda o'sadi lekin juda issiq yoki yarim soyali joyga muhtoj. U 10-15 ta ekilgan bo'lishi kerak, unumdor, chirindiga boy, lekin unchalik quruq bo'lmagan tuproqda yaxshi rivojlanadi. U kuchli shamollardan himoyaga muhtoj bo'lishi mumkin, ammo sovuqqa chidamli - 10 °C, tuproq botqoqlanmagan yoki haddan tashqari nam bo'lmasligi kerak. O'simlik juda chuqur ildiz otadi va shuning uchun uni yo'q qilish qiyin bo'lishi mumkin[30]. 1948-1993-yillarda RHS Garden Merit mukofotiga sazovor boʻlgan[31][32].

Kech gullash vaqti tufayli kamdan-kam gibridlanadi[33]. O'simlik shiradan juda ko'p azob chekadi.

Ma'lumotnomalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ↑ Daniel Hall, Polyploidy in Tulips, Linnean Journal of Botany 50, 1936, 488
  3. ↑ Daniel Hall, The Genus Tulipa, 1940
  4. ↑ Wessel Marais, Tulipa L. In: Peter Hadland Davis; R. R Mill; Kit Tan (eds.), Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8, Edinburgh University Press 1984, 302-311
  5. ↑ Michael F. Fay, Katherine Borland, Stranc, P., Chase, M. W. 2001, Phylogenetics of the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae): evidence from five plastid DNA regions. Botany 2001 Abstracts, 112 (http://www.botany2001.org/botany2001b.pdf); Maarten J. M. Christenhusz, Rafaël Govaerts, John C. David, Tony Hall, Katherine Borland, Penelope S. Roberts, Anne Tuomisto, Sven Buerki, Mark W. Chase, Michael F. Fay, Tiptoe through the tulips – cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172, 2013, 289, but compare Mine Turktaş, Özge Karakaş Metin, Berk Baştuğ, Fahriye Ertuğrul, Yasemin Izgi Saraç, Erdal Kaya, Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Tulipa (Liliaceae) based on noncoding plastid and nuclear DNA sequences with an emphasis on Turkey. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172, 2013, 270–279 for different results
  6. ↑ W. C. F. Newton, Chromosome Studies in Tulipa and some related Genera. Linnean Journal of Botany 48, 1926, 341
  7. ↑ Josef Freyn, Über neue und bemerkenswerthe orientalische Pflanzenarten, Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 4, 1896, 187
  8. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 211
  9. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 212
  10. ↑ Richard Wilford, Tulips. Species and Hybrids for the Gardener. Portland, Timber Press 2006, 148
  11. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 215
  12. ↑ Anna Pavord, The Tulip. London, Bloomsbury 1999, 333
  13. ↑ Carl Sprenger, Tulipa sprengeri. Gartenflora 44, 1895, 57–58
  14. ↑ J. Gilbert Baker, Tulipa sprengeri, Garden Chronicle ser. 3, 15, 1894, 716
  15. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 194
  16. ↑ Anna Pavord, The Tulip. London, Bloomsbury 1999, 332
  17. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 211
  18. ↑ Mentioned, for example, by Joseph Freyn, Über neue und bemerkenswerthe orientalische Pflanzenarten, Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 4, 1896, 187; Mémoires de l'Herbier Boissier 1900, 9 in the context of new species of Astragalus and Hedysarum xanthinum Freyn f. variegata form "Amasia" (Amaysa) (ibd, 19)
  19. ↑ Anna Pavord, Bulb, London, Mitchell Beazley 2009, 468; Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 193
  20. ↑ Anna Pavord, The Tulip. London, Bloomsbury 1999, 332
  21. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 194
  22. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 194; Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 211
  23. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 194
  24. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 193-195
  25. ↑ Martyn Rix, Curtis's Botanical Magazine 24/4, 2007, 205
  26. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 195
  27. ↑ Mike Maunder, Robyn S. Cowan, Penelope Stranc, Michael F. Fay, The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey). Conservation Genetics 2, 2001, 199
  28. ↑ „Tulipa Species Four | Pacific Bulb Society“.
  29. ↑ Richard Wilford, Tulips. Species and Hybrids for the Gardener. Portland, Timber Press 2006, 147
  30. ↑ „Tulipa Species Four | Pacific Bulb Society“.
  31. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 212
  32. ↑ „Tulipa sprengeri“. www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 5-mart.
  33. ↑ Richard Wilford, Michael F. Fay, Tulipa sprengeri. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 24, 2007, 213 
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