Foydalanuvchi:Diyorova

Adverbs Adverb is a part of speech that provides greater description to a verb, adjective, another adverb, a phrase, a clause, or a sentence. Besides that adverbs are words that modify a verb, adjective, another adverb, determiner, clause, preposition, or sentence.

Adverbs typically express manner, place, time, frequency, degree, level of certainty, etc., answering questions such as how?, what way?, when?, where?, and to what extent?. This function is called the adverbial function, and may be realized by single words (adverbs) or by multi-word expressions (adverbial phrases and adverbial clauses).

Adverbs are traditionally regarded as one of the parts of speech. However, modern linguists note that the term "adverb" has come to be used as a kind of "catch-all" category, [1]used to classify words with various different types of syntactic behavior, not necessarily having much in common except that they do not fit into any of the other available categories (noun, adjective, preposition, etc. 

The types of adverbs There are some kinds of adverb.

For example: adverbs of place - in Tashkent, to Tashkent, abroad, underneath, over here, at my brothers adverbs of time - daily, every afternoon, Saturdays, again, once a week, twice a week, for a long time, eventually, now

adverbs of frequency - always, usually, regularly, rarely, seldom, never, ever, barely, scarcely, hardly, sometimes adverbs of degree a bit, fairly, a little, a lot, very, very much, even, absolutely, completely, totally, really, terribly, awfully, pretty, enough adverbs of manner - badly, seriously comment adverbs - probably , certainly, may be, clearly, luckily, fortunately, of course, obviously, definitely, presumably, naturally viewpoint adverbs logically, ideologically, morally, outwardly, politically, technically, visually, physically

Functions

The English word adverb derives (through French) from Latin adverbium, from ad- ("to"), verbum ("word", "verb"), and the nominal suffix -ium. The term implies that the principal function of adverbs is to act as modifiers of verbs or verb phrases.[2] An adverb used in this way may provide information about the manner, place, time, frequency, certainty, or other circumstances of the activity denoted by the verb or verb phrase. Some examples: Madonna sang loudly (loudly modifies the verb sang, indicating the manner of singing) Mary is waiting for him here (here modifies the verb phrase waiting for him, indicating place) Anna wrote yesterday (yesterday modifies the verb wrote, indicating time)

I often stay at village (often modifies the verb phrase stay at village, indicating frequency) Lucy undoubtedly did it (undoubtedly modifies the verb phrase did it, indicating certainty) Adverbs can also be used as modifiers of adjectives, and of other adverbs, often to indicate degree. Examples: John was quite right (the adverb quite modifies the adjective right) Vector shouted at very loudly (the adverb very modifies another adverb loudly) They can also modify noun phrases, prepositional phrases,[3] or whole clauses or sentences, as in the following examples: I worked only one day (only modifies the noun phrase one day) Kate drove us almost to the station (almost modifies the prepositional phrase to the station) Certainly my friends need to act (certainly modifies the sentence as a whole) Adverbs are thus seen to perform a wide range of modifying functions. The major exception is the function of modifier of nouns, which is performed instead by adjectives (compare she sang loudly with her loud singing disturbed me; here the verb sang is modified by the adverb loudly, whereas the noun singing is modified by the adjective loud). However, as seen above, adverbs may modify noun phrases, and so the two functions may sometimes be superficially very similar: Even camels need to drink Even numbers are divisible by two The word even in the first sentence is an adverb, since it is an "external" modifier, modifying camels as a noun phrase (compare even these camels ...), whereas the word even in the second sentence is an adjective, since it is an "internal" modifier, modifying numbers as a noun (compare these even numbers ...). It is nonetheless possible for certain adverbs to modify a noun; in English the adverb follows the noun in such cases, [4] as in: The people here are friendly There is a shortage internationally of protein for animal feeds

Adverbs can sometimes be used as predicative expressions; in English this applies especially to adverbs of location: Your seat is there. When the function of an adverb is performed by an expression consisting of more than one word, it is called an adverbial phrase or adverbial clause, or simply an adverbial.

Formation and comparison	

In English, adverbs of manner (answering the question how?) are often formed by adding -ly to formation and use of adverbs in English, see English grammar § Adverbs. For other languages, see § In specific languages below, and the articles on individual languages and their grammars. In specific languages In Uzbek, adverbs are part of speech. Generally, they are words that modify any part of language other than a noun. Adverbs can modify verbs, adjectives, numbers, clauses, sentences, and other adverbs. If someone tries to learn Uzbek adverbs, he will find some useful resources including a course about adverbs of time place, manner and frequency. While in English adverbs are usually formed by adding ly to adjectives, in Uzbek there is no difference between adjective and adverb forms. We use one and the same word to describe both signs of the nouns and verbs. For example: Togri ( right) becomes togri ( rightly) You are right siz haqsiz. ( Adjective) They rightly complained to the manager ular menejerga togri shikoyat qilishdi. However that is not always the same. Some words are adverbs by nature. For example: Hozir now Haqiqiy really Yaqinda soon and etc.

References 1. ^ Rodney D. Huddleston, Geoffrey K. Pullum, A Student's Introduction to English Grammar, CUP 2005, p. 122ff. 2. ^ Thomas Edward Payne, Describing Morphosyntax: A Guide for Field Linguists, CUP 1997, p. 69. 3. ^ Cinque, Guglielmo. 1999. Adverbs and functional headsa cross linguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 4. ^ Haegeman, Liliane. 1995. The syntax of negation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bibliography Ernst, Thomas. 2002. The syntax of adjuncts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Jackendoff, Ray. 1972. Semantic Interpretation in Generative Grammar. MIT Press My.languages.org 2018 Learning Uzbek language. Tamil.