Uyqu falaji: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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==Belgilari==
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Uyqu falajining asosiy belgisi - uyg'onish paytida harakat qila olmaslik yoki gapira olmaslik. Uyqu falaji paytida g'ichirlash, xirillash, statik, shovqin va shovqin kabi tasavvur qilingan tovushlar haqida xabar beriladi. Ovozlar, pichirlash va bo'kirish kabi boshqa tovushlar ham tajribaga ega. Shuningdek, epizod paytida ko'kragiga bosim va boshida kuchli og'riqni his qilishi mumkinligi ham ma'lum. Ushbu alomatlar odatda qo'rquv va vahima kabi kuchli his-tuyg'ular bilan birga keladi. Odamlar, shuningdek, to'shakdan sudralib ketish yoki uchish, uyqusizlik va ularning tanasida elektr toki urishi yoki tebranish hissini his qilishadi. Kutish falaji gallyutsinatsiyalarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, masalan, xonaga bostirib kirish yoki qorong'u shakl. Bular odatda uyqu falaji jinlari sifatida tanilgan. Bu, shuningdek, bo'g'ilish yoki odamning ko'kragiga bosim hissi va nafas olish qiyinlishuvi bilan birga bo'lgan qo'rquv hissini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin.
Uyqu falajining asosiy belgisi - uyg'onish paytida harakat qila olmaslik yoki gapira olmaslik<ref name="Sharp2016">{{Cite journal|last=Sharpless|first1=BA|title=A clinician's guide to recurrent isolated sleep paralysis.|journal=Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment|date=2016|volume=12|pages=1761–67|doi=10.2147/NDT.S100307|pmid=27486325|pmc=4958367}}</ref>. Uyqu falaji paytida g'ichirlash, xirillash, statik, shovqin va shovqin kabi tasavvur qilingan tovushlar haqida xabar beriladi<ref>Thorpy, M.J. (ed.). (1990). ''{{'}}Sleep paralysis'. l Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual''. Rochester, Minn.: American Sleep Disorders Association.</ref>. Ovozlar, pichirlash va bo'kirish kabi boshqa tovushlar ham tajribaga ega. Shuningdek, epizod paytida ko'kragiga bosim va boshida kuchli og'riqni his qilishi mumkinligi ham ma'lum<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Spanos N.P., McNulty S.A., DuBreuil S.C., Pires M.|year=1995|title=The frequency and correlates of sleep paralysis in a university sample|journal=Journal of Research in Personality|volume=29|issue=3|pages=285–305|doi=10.1006/jrpe.1995.1017}}</ref>. Ushbu alomatlar odatda qo'rquv va vahima kabi kuchli his-tuyg'ular bilan birga keladi<ref name="Blackmore2002">{{Cite journal|last=Blackmore Susan J., Parker Jennifer J.|year=2002|title=Comparing the Content of Sleep Paralysis and Dream Reports|journal=Dreaming|volume=12|issue=1|pages=45–59|doi=10.1023/A:1013894522583|url=http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/PDFs/Dreaming%202002.pdf|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160429025711/http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/PDFs/Dreaming%202002.pdf|archivedate=2016-04-29}}</ref>. Odamlar, shuningdek, to'shakdan sudralib ketish yoki uchish, uyqusizlik va ularning tanasida elektr toki urishi yoki tebranish hissini his qilishadi<ref name="Cheyneninenine">{{Cite journal|last=Cheyne|first1=J.|last2=Rueffer|first2=S.|last3=Newby-Clark|first3=I.|year=1999|title=Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=8|issue=3|pages=319–337|doi=10.1006/ccog.1999.0404|pmid=10487786}}</ref>. Kutish falaji gallyutsinatsiyalarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, masalan, xonaga bostirib kirish yoki qorong'u shakl. Bular odatda uyqu falaji jinlari sifatida tanilgan. Bu, shuningdek, bo'g'ilish yoki odamning ko'kragiga bosim hissi va nafas olish qiyinlishuvi bilan birga bo'lgan qo'rquv hissini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal|last=Jalal|first1=Baland|last2=Romanelli|first2=Andrea|last3=Hinton|first3=Devon E.|date=2015-12-01|title=Cultural Explanations of Sleep Paralysis in Italy: The Pandafeche Attack and Associated Supernatural Beliefs|journal=Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry|volume=39|issue=4|pages=651–664|doi=10.1007/s11013-015-9442-y|issn=1573-076X|pmid=25802016}}</ref>.

Patofiziologiyasi

Uyqu falajining patofiziologiyasi aniq aniqlanmagan, garchi uning sabablari haqida bir nechta nazariyalar mavjud<ref name=":0">{{Kitob manbasi |title=Unusual and rare psychological disorders: a handbook for clinical practice and research |last=A. |first=Sharpless, Brian |isbn=978-0-19-024586-3 |oclc=952152912 |date=2016-11-15 |publisher=Oxford University Press}}</ref>. Ulardan birinchisi uyqu falaji REM va uyquning uyg'onish bosqichlarining disfunktsional moslashuvi natijasida kelib chiqadigan parasomniya ekanligini tushunishdan kelib chiqadi<ref name="Goldstein">{{Cite journal|last=Goldstein|first1=K.|title=Parasomnias|journal=Disease-a-Month|year=2011|volume=57|pages=364–88|doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2011.04.007|pmid=21807161|issue=7}}</ref>. Polisomnografik tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, uyqu falajiga duchor bo'lgan odamlarda REM uyqu kechikishlari odatdagidan ko'ra qisqaroq, NREM va REM uyqu davrlarining qisqarishi va REM uyqusining parchalanishi<ref name="Walther">{{Cite journal|last=Walther|first1=B.|last2=Schulz|first2=H.|year=2004|title=Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis: Polysomnographic and clinical findings|journal=Somnologie – Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin|volume=8|issue=2|pages=53–60|doi=10.1111/j.1439-054X.2004.00017.x}}</ref>. Ushbu tadqiqot muntazam uyqu rejimining buzilishi uyqu falaji epizodini keltirib chiqarishi mumkinligi haqidagi kuzatuvni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, chunki REM uyqusining parchalanishi odatda uyqu rejimi buzilganida sodir bo'ladi va hozirda uyqu falaji bilan birgalikda kuzatilgan<ref name="Cheyneninenine2">{{Cite journal|last=Cheyne|first1=J.|last2=Rueffer|first2=S.|last3=Newby-Clark|first3=I.|year=1999|title=Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=8|issue=3|pages=319–337|doi=10.1006/ccog.1999.0404|pmid=10487786}}</ref>. Yana bir asosiy nazariya shundan iboratki, uyquni tartibga soluvchi neyron funktsiyalari turli xil uyqu holatlarining bir-biriga mos kelishiga olib keladigan tarzda muvozanatdan chiqib ketgan. Bunday holda, xolinergik uyqu "yoqilgan" nerv populyatsiyalari giperaktivlanadi va serotonerjik uyqu "o'chirilgan" nerv populyatsiyalari kam faollashadi<ref name="Cheyneninenine3">{{Cite journal|last=Cheyne|first1=J.|last2=Rueffer|first2=S.|last3=Newby-Clark|first3=I.|year=1999|title=Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare|journal=Consciousness and Cognition|volume=8|issue=3|pages=319–337|doi=10.1006/ccog.1999.0404|pmid=10487786}}</ref>. Natijada, hujayralar uyqu holatidan to'liq qo'zg'alishga imkon beradigan signallarni yuborishga qodir, serotonergik nerv populyatsiyalari, miyani uyqu holatida ushlab turadigan hujayralar tomonidan yuborilgan signallarni engishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishadi. Oddiy REM uyqusida qo'zg'alish uchun qo'zg'atuvchining chegarasi sezilarli darajada oshadi. Oddiy sharoitlarda medial va vestibulyar yadrolar, kortikal, talamik va serebellar markazlar bosh va ko'z harakati, kosmosdagi orientatsiya kabi narsalarni muvofiqlashtiradi<ref name="Sehgal">{{Cite journal|last=Sehgal|first1=A.|last2=Mignot|first2=E.|year=2011|title=Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders|journal=Cell|volume=146|issue=2|pages=194–207|doi=10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.004|pmc=3153991|pmid=21784243}}</ref><ref>Hearne, K. (1990). ''The Dream Machine: Lucid dreams and how to control them'', p. 18. {{ISBN|0-85030-906-9}}.</ref>. Uyqu falaji haqida xabar bergan shaxslarda ekzogen stimullarning bloklanishi deyarli yo'q, ya'ni stimulning odamni qo'zg'atishi ancha oson. Ayniqsa, vestibulyar yadrolar uyquning REM bosqichida tush ko'rish bilan chambarchas bog'liqligi aniqlangan. Ushbu gipotezaga ko'ra, vestibulyar-motor disorientatsiya, gallyutsinatsiyalardan farqli o'laroq, qo'zg'atuvchilarning butunlay endogen manbalaridan kelib chiqadi<ref>(Sehgal 2011)</ref><ref name="Cheynetwothree">{{Cite journal|last=Cheyne|first1=J.|year=2003|title=Sleep Paralysis and the Structure of Waking-Nightmare Hallucinations|journal=[[Dreaming (journal)|Dreaming]]|volume=13|issue=3|pages=163–179|doi=10.1023/A:1025373412722}}</ref>.


== Havolalar ==
== Havolalar ==

17-May 2024, 18:19 dagi koʻrinishi

Uyqu falaji -uyqu va uygʻoqlik orasida sodir boʻladigan oʻtish holati boʻlib, mushaklar atoniyasi (holsizligi) bilan tushuniladi. Uyqu falaji odatda normal holatdir, u kishining tushida qilayotgan harakatlarini uxlab yotgan joyida qilmasligini taʼminlaydi. Biroq baʼzan odam keskin uygʻonsa uyqu falaji hali oʻtib ketmagan boʻlishi va natijada kishi oʻzini juda ham holsiz, qimirlashga va ovoz chiqarishga kuchi yetmaydigandek his qilishi mumkin. Buzilgan uyqu falajiga narkolepsiya, bosh ogʻrigʻi, depressiya va apnoe (havo yetishmasligi) sabab boʻlishi mumkin, biroq u himoyalangan holatda ham roʻy berishi kuzatilgan[1]. Tez-tez qaytariluvchi uyqu falaji buzilishi holatlarida shifokorga murojaat qilish tavsiya etiladi[2].

Belgilari

Uyqu falajining asosiy belgisi - uyg'onish paytida harakat qila olmaslik yoki gapira olmaslik[3]. Uyqu falaji paytida g'ichirlash, xirillash, statik, shovqin va shovqin kabi tasavvur qilingan tovushlar haqida xabar beriladi[4]. Ovozlar, pichirlash va bo'kirish kabi boshqa tovushlar ham tajribaga ega. Shuningdek, epizod paytida ko'kragiga bosim va boshida kuchli og'riqni his qilishi mumkinligi ham ma'lum[5]. Ushbu alomatlar odatda qo'rquv va vahima kabi kuchli his-tuyg'ular bilan birga keladi[6]. Odamlar, shuningdek, to'shakdan sudralib ketish yoki uchish, uyqusizlik va ularning tanasida elektr toki urishi yoki tebranish hissini his qilishadi[7]. Kutish falaji gallyutsinatsiyalarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, masalan, xonaga bostirib kirish yoki qorong'u shakl. Bular odatda uyqu falaji jinlari sifatida tanilgan. Bu, shuningdek, bo'g'ilish yoki odamning ko'kragiga bosim hissi va nafas olish qiyinlishuvi bilan birga bo'lgan qo'rquv hissini o'z ichiga olishi mumkin[8].

Patofiziologiyasi

Uyqu falajining patofiziologiyasi aniq aniqlanmagan, garchi uning sabablari haqida bir nechta nazariyalar mavjud[9]. Ulardan birinchisi uyqu falaji REM va uyquning uyg'onish bosqichlarining disfunktsional moslashuvi natijasida kelib chiqadigan parasomniya ekanligini tushunishdan kelib chiqadi[10]. Polisomnografik tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, uyqu falajiga duchor bo'lgan odamlarda REM uyqu kechikishlari odatdagidan ko'ra qisqaroq, NREM va REM uyqu davrlarining qisqarishi va REM uyqusining parchalanishi[11]. Ushbu tadqiqot muntazam uyqu rejimining buzilishi uyqu falaji epizodini keltirib chiqarishi mumkinligi haqidagi kuzatuvni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, chunki REM uyqusining parchalanishi odatda uyqu rejimi buzilganida sodir bo'ladi va hozirda uyqu falaji bilan birgalikda kuzatilgan[12]. Yana bir asosiy nazariya shundan iboratki, uyquni tartibga soluvchi neyron funktsiyalari turli xil uyqu holatlarining bir-biriga mos kelishiga olib keladigan tarzda muvozanatdan chiqib ketgan. Bunday holda, xolinergik uyqu "yoqilgan" nerv populyatsiyalari giperaktivlanadi va serotonerjik uyqu "o'chirilgan" nerv populyatsiyalari kam faollashadi[13]. Natijada, hujayralar uyqu holatidan to'liq qo'zg'alishga imkon beradigan signallarni yuborishga qodir, serotonergik nerv populyatsiyalari, miyani uyqu holatida ushlab turadigan hujayralar tomonidan yuborilgan signallarni engishda qiyinchiliklarga duch kelishadi. Oddiy REM uyqusida qo'zg'alish uchun qo'zg'atuvchining chegarasi sezilarli darajada oshadi. Oddiy sharoitlarda medial va vestibulyar yadrolar, kortikal, talamik va serebellar markazlar bosh va ko'z harakati, kosmosdagi orientatsiya kabi narsalarni muvofiqlashtiradi[14][15]. Uyqu falaji haqida xabar bergan shaxslarda ekzogen stimullarning bloklanishi deyarli yo'q, ya'ni stimulning odamni qo'zg'atishi ancha oson. Ayniqsa, vestibulyar yadrolar uyquning REM bosqichida tush ko'rish bilan chambarchas bog'liqligi aniqlangan. Ushbu gipotezaga ko'ra, vestibulyar-motor disorientatsiya, gallyutsinatsiyalardan farqli o'laroq, qo'zg'atuvchilarning butunlay endogen manbalaridan kelib chiqadi[16][17].

Havolalar

Manbalar

  1. ↑ Ohayon, M.; Zulley, J.; Guilleminault, C.; Smirne, S. (1999). „Prevalence and pathologic associations of sleep paralysis in the general population“. Neurology. 52-jild. 1194–2000-bet.
  2. ↑ Terrillon, J.; Marques-Bonham, S. (2001). „Does Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysis Involve More Than Cognitive Neurosciences?“. Journal of Scientific Exploration. 15-jild. 97–123-bet.
  3. ↑ Sharpless, BA (2016). "A clinician's guide to recurrent isolated sleep paralysis.". Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment 12: 1761–67. doi:10.2147/NDT.S100307. PMID 27486325. PMC 4958367. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4958367. 
  4. ↑ Thorpy, M.J. (ed.). (1990). 'Sleep paralysis'. l Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual. Rochester, Minn.: American Sleep Disorders Association.
  5. ↑ Spanos N.P., McNulty S.A., DuBreuil S.C., Pires M. (1995). "The frequency and correlates of sleep paralysis in a university sample". Journal of Research in Personality 29 (3): 285–305. doi:10.1006/jrpe.1995.1017. 
  6. ↑ Blackmore Susan J., Parker Jennifer J. (2002). "Comparing the Content of Sleep Paralysis and Dream Reports". Dreaming 12 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1023/A:1013894522583. Archived from the original on 2016-04-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20160429025711/http://www.susanblackmore.co.uk/Articles/PDFs/Dreaming%202002.pdf. 
  7. ↑ Cheyne, J.; Rueffer, S.; Newby-Clark, I. (1999). "Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare". Consciousness and Cognition 8 (3): 319–337. doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0404. PMID 10487786. 
  8. ↑ Jalal, Baland; Romanelli, Andrea; Hinton, Devon E. (2015-12-01). "Cultural Explanations of Sleep Paralysis in Italy: The Pandafeche Attack and Associated Supernatural Beliefs". Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 39 (4): 651–664. doi:10.1007/s11013-015-9442-y. ISSN 1573-076X. PMID 25802016. 
  9. ↑ A., Sharpless, Brian. Unusual and rare psychological disorders: a handbook for clinical practice and research. Oxford University Press, 2016-11-15. ISBN 978-0-19-024586-3. OCLC 952152912. 
  10. ↑ Goldstein, K. (2011). "Parasomnias". Disease-a-Month 57 (7): 364–88. doi:10.1016/j.disamonth.2011.04.007. PMID 21807161. 
  11. ↑ Walther, B.; Schulz, H. (2004). "Recurrent isolated sleep paralysis: Polysomnographic and clinical findings". Somnologie – Schlafforschung und Schlafmedizin 8 (2): 53–60. doi:10.1111/j.1439-054X.2004.00017.x. 
  12. ↑ Cheyne, J.; Rueffer, S.; Newby-Clark, I. (1999). "Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare". Consciousness and Cognition 8 (3): 319–337. doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0404. PMID 10487786. 
  13. ↑ Cheyne, J.; Rueffer, S.; Newby-Clark, I. (1999). "Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucinations during Sleep Paralysis: Neurological and Cultural Construction of the Night-Mare". Consciousness and Cognition 8 (3): 319–337. doi:10.1006/ccog.1999.0404. PMID 10487786. 
  14. ↑ Sehgal, A.; Mignot, E. (2011). "Genetics of Sleep and Sleep Disorders". Cell 146 (2): 194–207. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.004. PMID 21784243. PMC 3153991. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3153991. 
  15. ↑ Hearne, K. (1990). The Dream Machine: Lucid dreams and how to control them, p. 18. ISBN 0-85030-906-9.
  16. ↑ (Sehgal 2011)
  17. ↑ Cheyne, J. (2003). "Sleep Paralysis and the Structure of Waking-Nightmare Hallucinations". Dreaming 13 (3): 163–179. doi:10.1023/A:1025373412722.  


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