Erica: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

Erica
	Erica carnea gullari
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Plantae
	Tracheophytes
	Angiosperms
	Eudicots
	Asterids
	Ericales
	Ericaceae
	Ericoideae
	Ericeae
	Erica; ; L.
Sinonimlar
	List Acrostemon Klotzsch; Aniserica (Bartl.) N.E.Br.; Anomalanthus Klotzsch; Apogandrum Neck.; Arachnocalyx Compton; Arsace Fourr.; Blaeria L.; Bruckenthalia Rchb.; Callista D.Don; Ceramia D.Don; Chlorocodon Fourr.; Chona D.Don; Coccosperma Klotzsch; Codonanthemum Klotzsch; Coilostigma Klotzsch; Comacephalus Klotzsch; Dasyanthes D.Don; Desmia D.Don; Ectasis D.Don; Eleutherostemon Klotzsch; Eremia D.Don; Eremiella Compton; Eremiopsis N.E.Br.; Eremocallis Salisb. ex Gray; Ericinella Klotzsch; Ericodes Kuntze; Ericoides Heist. ex Fabr.; Eriodesmia D.Don; Eurylepis D.Don; Euryloma D.Don; Eurystegia D.Don; Finckea Klotzsch; Grisebachia Klotzsch; Gypsocallis Salisb. ex Gray; Hexastemon Klotzsch; Kolbia Adans.; Lagenocarpus Klotzsch; Lamprotis D.Don; Lepterica N.E.Br.; Lophandra D.Don; Lopherina Neck. ex A.Juss.; Macnabia Benth. ex Endl.; Macrolinum Klotzsch; Microtrema Klotzsch; Mitrastylus Alm & T.C.E.Fr.; Nabea Lehm. ex Klotzsch; Nagelocarpus Bullock; Octogonia Klotzsch; Octopera D.Don; Omphalocaryon Klotzsch; Pachycalyx Klotzsch; Pachysa D.Don; Pentapera Klotzsch; Philippia Klotzsch; Pilopus Raf.; Plagiostemon Klotzsch; Platycalyx N.E.Br.; Salaxis Salisb.; Scyphogyne Decne.; Simocheilus Klotzsch; Stokoeanthus E.G.H.Oliv.; Sympieza Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.; Syndesmanthus Klotzsch; Syringodea D.Don; Tetralix Zinn; Thamnium Klotzsch; Thamnus Klotzsch; Thoracosperma Klotzsch; Tristemon Klotzsch; ;

Keyingi tahrir →

Kontent oʻchirildi Kontent qoʻshildi

VizualVikimatn

Inline

9-Noyabr 2022, 09:46 dagi koʻrinishi

Erica - Ericaceae oilasiga mansub 857 ga yaqin turni o'z ichiga olgan gulli o'simliklar tutkumi^[1]. Calluna turkumi ilgari Erica tarkibiga kirgan.

Etimologiya

Lotin tilidan tarjima qilingan erica so'zi "supurgi" degan ma'noni anglatadi^[2]. Bapzilar ericani qadimgi yunon tilidan moslagan deb taxmin qilishadi^[3].

Tavsif

Erica turlarining aksariyati bo‘yi 20–150 cm (8–59 in) dan kichik butalardir, eng balandlari E. arborea va E. scoparia boʻlib, ikkalasi ham 7 m (23 ft) gacha o‘sishi mumkin. baland. Hammasi doim yashil, mayda ignasimon barglari uzunligi 2–15 millimetr (0.079–0.591 in). Urug'lar juda kichik va ba'zi turlari tuproqda o'nlab yillar davomida yashovchanligi saqlashi mumkin.

Taksonomiya va filogeniya

Dulfer^[4]^[5] 1960-yillarda Erica turkumining 605 turini oxirgi nashr etdi. Keyinchalik ko'plab yangi turlar tasvirlangan (ayniqsa, Janubiy Afrikada) va yana 83 tasi Erica tarkibiga kiritilgan, biroq butun jinsni zamonaviy taksonomik qayta ko'rib chiqish hali ham yetishmayapti.

Ericaning eng yaqin qarindoshlari Daboecia (bir yoki ikkita tur) va Calluna (monospesifik)^[6]. Yevropaning oz sonli Erica turlari turkumining eng qadimgi nasllarini ifodalaydi, ularning ichida yagona, kattalikdagi turlarga boy, afrikalik navlar joylashgan^[7]. Afrika qit'asida Cape va Madagascan/Mascarene turlari mos ravishda monofiletik guruhlarni ifodalaydi^[8].

Turlar

Tanlangan turlarga quyidagilar kiradi:

Erica arborea

Erica cinerea

Erica junonia

Erica mammosa

Erica ciliaris

Heather fields in Ortegal (Galicia)

Yashash joyi

Taxminan 690 tur Janubiy Afrikaga endemik hisoblanadi^[9]. Qolgan turlar Afrika, Madagaskar, O'rta er dengizi va Yevropaning boshqa qismlarida o‘sadi

Ko'pgina Ericaceae turlari singari, Erica turlari asosan kislotali yoki juda kislotali tuproqlarda o‘sadi. Darhaqiqat, "ericaceous" atamasi o‘simliklarni yetishtirishda ishlatiladigan kompostga nisbatan qo'llaniladi^[10]. Ular ko'pincha mitti butazorlarda (tog'lik va botqoq) yoki ochiq kislotali o'rmonlarning tuproqli qismlarida o‘sadi.

Ekologiya

Bu turdagi o'simliklar asosan ko'plab kapalak turlarining lichinkalari, jumladan, imperator kuya kapalagi, bog‘ yo'lbarsi, haqiqiy sevishganlar tugunlari, shuvoq pug, kumush naqshli ko'k kapalak^[11], va Coleophoralar tomonidan iste'mol qilinadi.

Quyosh qushlarining ba'zi turlari Ericaga qo‘nishi va changlatishi ma'lum. Changlatishda ishtirok etadigan ikkita tur janubiy ikki yoqali quyosh qushi va to'q sariq ko'krakli quyosh qushidir.

Kultivatsiya

Erica turlari gullari uchun peyzaj yoki bog‘ o'simliklari sifatida o'stiriladi. Ular ignabargli daraxtlar bilan yaxshi bog'lanadi va ko'pincha ekish sxemalarida mitti ignabargli o'simliklar navlari ostida ommaviy tuproq qoplami sifatida o‘stiriladi. Ular yil davomida gullashga qodir. Ular, shuningdek, kuzda va qishda vannalar yoki deraza qutilarida o'stirilishi mumkin^[12].

Ma'lumotnomalar

↑ Manning, John. Field Guide to Fynbos. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 2007 — 224 bet. ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7.
↑ Scarborough, John. Medical Terminologies : Classical Origins Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture. University of Oklahoma Press, 1992 — 20 bet. ISBN 978-0-806-13029-3.
↑ Gledhill, David. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2008 — 156 bet. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
↑ Dulfer, H (1964). "Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung Erica L. 1 Teil". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 67: 79–147.
↑ Dulfer, H (1965). "Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung Erica L. 2 Teil". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 68: 25–177.
↑ Mugrabi de Kuppler, A.L.; Fagúndez, J.; Bellstedt, D.U.; Oliver, E.G.H.; Léon, J.; Pirie, M.D. (2015). "Testing reticulate versus coalescent origins of Erica lusitanica using a species phylogeny of the northern heathers (Ericeae, Ericaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88: 121–131. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 25888972.
↑ Pirie, Michael D.; Oliver, E.G.H.; Bellstedt, Dirk U. (2011). "A densely sampled ITS phylogeny of the Cape flagship genus Erica L. suggests numerous shifts in floral macro-morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (2): 593–601. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.007. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 21722743.
↑ Pirie, M. D.; Oliver, E. G. H.; Mugrabi de Kuppler, A.; Gehrke, B.; Le Maitre, N. C.; Kandziora, M.; Bellstedt, D. U. (2016). "The biodiversity hotspot as evolutionary hot-bed: spectacular radiation of Erica in the Cape Floristic Region". BMC Evolutionary Biology 16 (1): 190. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 27639849. PMC 5027107. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027107.
↑ Manning, John. Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region: 1: the core Cape flora. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute, SANBI, 2012. ISBN 978-1-919976-74-7.
↑ Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed.. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2007 — 3804 bet. ISBN 978-0199206872.
↑ Thomas, C. D.; Glen, S. W. T.; Lewis, O. T.; Hill, J. K.; Blakeley, D. S. (1999-02-01). "Population differentiation and conservation of endemic races: the butterfly, Plebejus argus" (en). Animal Conservation 2 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00044.x. ISSN 1469-1795.
↑ RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley, 2008 — 1136 bet. ISBN 978-1405332965.

[1] Manning, John. Field Guide to Fynbos. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 2007 — 224 bet. ISBN 978-1-77007-265-7.

[2] Scarborough, John. Medical Terminologies : Classical Origins Oklahoma Series in Classical Culture. University of Oklahoma Press, 1992 — 20 bet. ISBN 978-0-806-13029-3.

[3] Gledhill, David. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press, 2008 — 156 bet. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.

[Dulfer1964-4] Dulfer, H (1964). "Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung Erica L. 1 Teil". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 67: 79–147.

[Dulfer1965-5] Dulfer, H (1965). "Revision der Südafrikanischen Arten der Gattung Erica L. 2 Teil". Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien 68: 25–177.

[Mugrabi_de_KupplerFagúndez2015-6] Mugrabi de Kuppler, A.L.; Fagúndez, J.; Bellstedt, D.U.; Oliver, E.G.H.; Léon, J.; Pirie, M.D. (2015). "Testing reticulate versus coalescent origins of Erica lusitanica using a species phylogeny of the northern heathers (Ericeae, Ericaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 88: 121–131. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.005. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 25888972.

[PirieOliver2011-7] Pirie, Michael D.; Oliver, E.G.H.; Bellstedt, Dirk U. (2011). "A densely sampled ITS phylogeny of the Cape flagship genus Erica L. suggests numerous shifts in floral macro-morphology". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61 (2): 593–601. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.06.007. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 21722743.

[PirieOliver2016-8] Pirie, M. D.; Oliver, E. G. H.; Mugrabi de Kuppler, A.; Gehrke, B.; Le Maitre, N. C.; Kandziora, M.; Bellstedt, D. U. (2016). "The biodiversity hotspot as evolutionary hot-bed: spectacular radiation of Erica in the Cape Floristic Region". BMC Evolutionary Biology 16 (1): 190. doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0764-3. ISSN 1471-2148. PMID 27639849. PMC 5027107. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5027107.

[Manning_2012_p.-9] Manning, John. Plants of the Greater Cape Floristic Region: 1: the core Cape flora. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute, SANBI, 2012. ISBN 978-1-919976-74-7.

[10] Shorter Oxford English dictionary, 6th ed.. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2007 — 3804 bet. ISBN 978-0199206872.

[11] Thomas, C. D.; Glen, S. W. T.; Lewis, O. T.; Hill, J. K.; Blakeley, D. S. (1999-02-01). "Population differentiation and conservation of endemic races: the butterfly, Plebejus argus" (en). Animal Conservation 2 (1): 15–21. doi:10.1111/j.1469-1795.1999.tb00044.x. ISSN 1469-1795.

[RHSAZ-12] RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley, 2008 — 1136 bet. ISBN 978-1405332965.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

Erica

Erica carnea gullari
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Plantae
	Tracheophytes
	Angiosperms
	Eudicots
	Asterids
	Ericales
	Ericaceae
	Ericoideae
	Ericeae
	Erica L.


Sinonimlar
List Acrostemon Klotzsch Aniserica (Bartl.) N.E.Br. Anomalanthus Klotzsch Apogandrum Neck. Arachnocalyx Compton Arsace Fourr. Blaeria L. Bruckenthalia Rchb. Callista D.Don Ceramia D.Don Chlorocodon Fourr. Chona D.Don Coccosperma Klotzsch Codonanthemum Klotzsch Coilostigma Klotzsch Comacephalus Klotzsch Dasyanthes D.Don Desmia D.Don Ectasis D.Don Eleutherostemon Klotzsch Eremia D.Don Eremiella Compton Eremiopsis N.E.Br. Eremocallis Salisb. ex Gray Ericinella Klotzsch Ericodes Kuntze Ericoides Heist. ex Fabr. Eriodesmia D.Don Eurylepis D.Don Euryloma D.Don Eurystegia D.Don Finckea Klotzsch Grisebachia Klotzsch Gypsocallis Salisb. ex Gray Hexastemon Klotzsch Kolbia Adans. Lagenocarpus Klotzsch Lamprotis D.Don Lepterica N.E.Br. Lophandra D.Don Lopherina Neck. ex A.Juss. Macnabia Benth. ex Endl. Macrolinum Klotzsch Microtrema Klotzsch Mitrastylus Alm & T.C.E.Fr. Nabea Lehm. ex Klotzsch Nagelocarpus Bullock Octogonia Klotzsch Octopera D.Don Omphalocaryon Klotzsch Pachycalyx Klotzsch Pachysa D.Don Pentapera Klotzsch Philippia Klotzsch Pilopus Raf. Plagiostemon Klotzsch Platycalyx N.E.Br. Salaxis Salisb. Scyphogyne Decne. Simocheilus Klotzsch Stokoeanthus E.G.H.Oliv. Sympieza Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. Syndesmanthus Klotzsch Syringodea D.Don Tetralix Zinn Thamnium Klotzsch Thamnus Klotzsch Thoracosperma Klotzsch Tristemon Klotzsch