Ofidiofobiya: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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28-Avgust 2022, 07:44 dagi koʻrinishi

Ofidiofobiya (yoki ofiyofobiya) o'ziga xos fobiya turi bo'lib, ilonlardan irratsional qo'rqishni anglatadi. Bu ba'zan herpetofobiya, sudraluvchilardan qo'rqish singari umumiy atama bilan nomlanadi. Bu so'z yunoncha "ofis" so'zidan kelib chiqqan ( ὄφις ), ilon va "fobiya" ( φοβία ) qo‘rquv ma’nosini bildiradi^[1].

Tadqiqot

Voyaga etgan odamlarning taxminan uchdan bir qismi ofidiyofobiyaga chalinganlardir, bu eng keng tarqalgan fobiya turi hisoblanadi^[2].

"The Handbook of the Emotions (Tuyg'ular qo'llanmasi)" (1993) kitobida psixolog Arne Ohman shartsiz qo'zg'atuvchini evolyutsiyaga aloqador qo'rquvga javob beruvchi neytral stimullar ( ilon va o'rgimchaklar ) bilan evolyutsiyaviy ahamiyatga ega bo'lmagan qo'rquvga javob beradigan neytral stimullar ( qo'ziqorinlar, jismoniy gullar, polihelar ) bilan bog'liqliginii o'rgandi^[3]. Xuddi shunday, psixologlar Syuzan Mineka, Richard Keyr va Veda Prays laboratoriyada ulg'aygan rezus makakalarga boshqa makakaning qo‘rqib ketayotgani aks etgan video ko‘rsatilmasa, banan olish uchun o‘yinchoq ilonning yonidan o‘tish kerak bo‘lganda, hech qanday qo‘rquv reaksiyalalrini namoyon qilmasligini aniqladilar^[4].

2001-yilda Shvetsiyadagi Karolinska institutida o'tkazilgan tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, sutemizuvchilarda ilonlarga (va o'rgimchaklarga) nisbatan tug'ma salbiy reaktsiya bo'lishi mumkin, bu ularning omon qolishi uchun juda muhim omil hisoblanadi, chunki mazkur qo'rquv tahdidlarni darhol aniqlashga imkon berdi^[5]. 2009-yildagi 40 yillik tadqiqot dasturining hisoboti odamlarda ilonlarga nisbatan kuchli qo'rquv sharoitlarini va ilon tasvirlarini ongsiz ravishda tez qayta ishlashni ko'rsatdi; bunda amigdala bilan bog'liq inson miyasidagi qo'rquv tarmog'i vositachilikni amalga oshiradi^[6]. 2013-yilgi tadqiqot ilonlarni tezda aniqlash uchun tabiiy tanlanishning primatlarida (makakalar) neyrobiologik dalillarni taqdim etdi. ^[7]

Filmlarda

Indiana Jones kinosining bosh qahramoni ofidiyofobiya bilan og'rigan odamga misol sifatida ishlatilgan^[8].

↑ „Ophidiophobia (n.)“. Online Etymology Dictionary. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 6-oktyabr.
↑ Ceríaco, Luis MP (2012). "Human attitudes towards herpetofauna: The influence of folklore and negative values on the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Portugal". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-8-8. PMID 22316318. PMC 3292471. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3292471.
↑ Öhman, Arne „Fear and anxiety as emotional phenomena: Clinical phenomenology, evolutionary perspectives, and information-processing mechanisms“,. The Handbook of the Emotions, 1st Lewis: , New York: Guilford Press, 1993 — 511–536 bet. ISBN 978-0898629880.
↑ Mineka, Susan; Keir, Richard; Price, Veda (1980). "Fear of snakes in wild- and laboratory-reared rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)". Animal Learning & Behavior (Springer Science+Business Media) 8 (4): 653–663. doi:10.3758/BF03197783. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03197783.pdf.
↑ Roach. „Fear of Snakes, Spiders Rooted in Evolution, Study Finds“. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society (2001-yil 4-oktyabr).
↑ Öhman, Arne (2009). "Of snakes and faces: An evolutionary perspective on the psychology of fear". Scandinavian Journal of Psychology (Wiley) 50 (6): 543–552. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00784.x. ISSN 0036-5564. PMID 19930253.
↑ Van Le, Q.; Isbell, L. A.; Matsumoto, J.; Nguyen, M.; Hori, E.; Maior, R. S.; Tomaz, C.; Tran, A. H. et al. (28 October 2013). "Pulvinar neurons reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detection of snakes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (47): 19000–19005. doi:10.1073/pnas.1312648110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 24167268. PMC 3839741. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3839741.
↑ Gresh, Lois H.. Why Did It Have To Be Snakes: From Science to the Supernatural, The Many Mysteries of Indiana Jones. John Wiley & Sons, 21 April 2008. ISBN 9780470225561. 2018-yil 22-martda qaraldi.

[1] „Ophidiophobia (n.)“. Online Etymology Dictionary. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 6-oktyabr.

[Ceríaco2012-2] Ceríaco, Luis MP (2012). "Human attitudes towards herpetofauna: The influence of folklore and negative values on the conservation of amphibians and reptiles in Portugal". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 8 (1): 8. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-8-8. PMID 22316318. PMC 3292471. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3292471.

[3] Öhman, Arne „Fear and anxiety as emotional phenomena: Clinical phenomenology, evolutionary perspectives, and information-processing mechanisms“,. The Handbook of the Emotions, 1st Lewis: , New York: Guilford Press, 1993 — 511–536 bet. ISBN 978-0898629880.

[4] Mineka, Susan; Keir, Richard; Price, Veda (1980). "Fear of snakes in wild- and laboratory-reared rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta)". Animal Learning & Behavior (Springer Science+Business Media) 8 (4): 653–663. doi:10.3758/BF03197783. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.3758/BF03197783.pdf.

[5] Roach. „Fear of Snakes, Spiders Rooted in Evolution, Study Finds“. National Geographic News. National Geographic Society (2001-yil 4-oktyabr).

[Öhman2009-6] Öhman, Arne (2009). "Of snakes and faces: An evolutionary perspective on the psychology of fear". Scandinavian Journal of Psychology (Wiley) 50 (6): 543–552. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.2009.00784.x. ISSN 0036-5564. PMID 19930253.

[Van_Le_Isbell_Matsumoto_Nguyen_pp._19000–19005-7] Van Le, Q.; Isbell, L. A.; Matsumoto, J.; Nguyen, M.; Hori, E.; Maior, R. S.; Tomaz, C.; Tran, A. H. et al. (28 October 2013). "Pulvinar neurons reveal neurobiological evidence of past selection for rapid detection of snakes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (47): 19000–19005. doi:10.1073/pnas.1312648110. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 24167268. PMC 3839741. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3839741.

[8] Gresh, Lois H.. Why Did It Have To Be Snakes: From Science to the Supernatural, The Many Mysteries of Indiana Jones. John Wiley & Sons, 21 April 2008. ISBN 9780470225561. 2018-yil 22-martda qaraldi.

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