Camellia japonica: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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„Camellia japonica“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi
(Farq yoʻq)

1-Iyul 2022, 14:17 dagi koʻrinishi

Camellia japonica, oddiy kameliya[1]yoki Yapon kameliyasi sifatida tanilgan, Theaceae oilasiga mansub gulli o'simlik turi . C. japonica o'simligining minglab navlari yetishtirilgan, ular bir-biridan rangi va gullari bilan farqlanadi. AQShda uni ba'zan yaponika deb atashadi. Yovvoyi holatda faqat Xitoy (Shandong, sharqiy Chjejiang), Tayvanda, Janubiy Koreyada va Yaponiyaning janubi-g'arbiy qismida o'sadi. Oʻrmonlarda 300-1000 metr balandlikda oʻsadi.

Tavsif

Yapon kameliyasining kurtaklari

Camellia japonica - gullaydigan daraxt yoki buta, odatda uzunligi 1,5 metr lekin vaqti-vaqti bilan 11 metr uzunlikdagilari ham uchraydi. Ba'zi etishtiriladigan navlar o'lchami 72 metr yoki undan ko'pga yetadi. Yosh novdalar binafsha jigarrang bo'lib, ular yoshi katta novdalar kulrang jigarrang bo'ladi. Navbatma-navbat joylashtirilgan teri barglari tepada to'q yashil, pastki qismida ochroq, odatda barglar uzunligi taxminan 2,5-3 smga yetadi. Bargning asosi qirrali (qizsimon), chetlari juda nozik tishli (sariq) va uchi biroz o'tkir.

Yovvoyi tabiatda gullash yanvar-mart oylarida sodir bo'ladi. Gullar novdalar bo'ylab, ayniqsa uchlarida paydo bo'ladi va juda qisqa poyaga ega. Ular yolg'iz yoki juft bo'lib uchraydi va uzunligi 2,5-6 sm. Taxminan to'qqizta yashil rangli bracteoles va sepals mavjud.

Meva uchta bo'linmali ( lokulyar ) globus shaklidagi kapsuladan iborat bo'lib, ularning har birida diametri 1-2 sm bo'lgan bir yoki ikkita yirik jigarrang urug'lar mavjud. Yovvoyi tabiatda meva berish sentyabr-oktyabr oylarida sodir bo'ladi.

C. japonica barglari ba'zi Lepidopteralarning tırtıllar tomonidan yeyiladi, masalan, engrailed (Ectropis crepuscularia). Yapon oq ko'z qushi ( Zosterops japonica) Camellia japonicani changlaydi.

Taksonomiya

Ochi-Tsubaki

Camellia oilasi Jezuit ruhoniysi va botanik Georg Kamel sharafiga nomlangan.[2] Yaponikaning o'ziga xos nomi 1753 yilda Karl Linney tomonidan turlarga berilgan, chunki Engelbert Kaempfer Yaponiyada bo'lganida birinchi bo'lib o'simlikning tavsifini bergan.[3]

Xitoy florasida ikkita nav ajralib turadi: C. japonica var. japonica va C. japonica var. rusticana

Camellia japonica var. yaponiya

C. japonica var. japonica Linney tomonidan atalgan shakl bo'lib, tabiiy ravishda 300-1100 m balandlikdagi o'rmonlarda uchraydi. Shandong, materik Xitoyning sharqiy Chjejiang va Tayvan, Janubiy Yaponiya va Janubiy Koreyada. Bargning uzunligi taxminan 1sm uzunlikda. Brakteolalar va sepallar velutinsimon (baxmalsimon). Yanvar-mart oylarida gullaydi, sentyabr-oktyabr oylarida meva beradi. U butun dunyo bo'ylab ko'plab navlar shaklida bog' o'simligi sifatida o'stiriladi.

Camellia japonica var. rusticana

C. japonica var. yovvoyi tabiatda rusticana, Aizu hududi, Fukusima pref., Yaponiya

Camellia japonica var. rusticana (Honda) TL Ming tabiiy ravishda materik Xitoyning Chjejiang (Chjoushan Qundao oroli) va Yaponiyaning Xonsyu orollaridagi oʻrmonlarda uchraydi. Bargning kalta petiolesi bor, taxminan 5 millimetr (0.2 in) uzun, tagida nozik tuklar (o'sgan). Brakteolalar va sepals tashqi tomondan silliq (yalang'och) bo'ladi. Gullarning rangi qizildan pushti ranggacha, apreldan maygacha gullaydi. Bu xilma-xillik ba'zi botanika organlari tomonidan alohida tur sifatida qabul qilinadi: Camellia rusticana .

Tarix

Xitoy

C. japonica ning bonzai namunasi

Camellia japonica Xitoyda 11-asrga taaluqli rasm va chinni buyumlarida paydo bo'lgan. O'simlikning dastlabki rasmlari odatda bitta qizil gulga ega. Biroq, bitta oq gulli o'simlik Song sulolasining to'rtta magpiyasining o'ramida ko'rsatilgan.[3]

Avstraliya

Camellia japonica "Aspasia Macarthur"

Avstraliyada birinchi kamelyalar 1826-yilda Sidneyda Elizabeth Bay uyida ekilgan Sidneylik Aleksandr Makliga tegishli.

1838 yilda oltita C. japonica o'simliklari botanik, bog'dorchilik va qishloq xo'jaligi mutaxassisi Uilyam Makartur tomonidan olib kelingan. Keyingi yillarda u bir necha yuz xil navlarni olib kelib, Camden Park hududida o'stirdi. Ko'p yillar davomida Makarturning ko'chatxonasi Avstraliyadagi koloniyani manzarali o'simliklar, shuningdek, mevali daraxtlar va uzumlar bilan ta'minlovchi asosiy manbalardan biri edi.

1845 yilda Uilyam Makartur londonlik pitomnik Konrad Loddigesga maktub yozib, kamelya olganini tan oldi va shunday dedi: "Men kamelyaning to'rt-besh yuzta ko'chatini yetishtirdim, asosan "Anemoniflora" urug'idan. Bu nav hech qachon o'ziga xos anterlarga ega bo'lmagani uchun men uning gullarini C. reticulata va Sp ning gulchanglari bilan urug'lantirdim. maliflora ." Makarturning ko'chat navlarining ko'pchiligi etishtirish uchun yo'qolgan bo'lsa-da, ba'zilari bugungi kunda ham mashhur, jumladan "Aspasia Macarthur" (uning nomi bilan atalgan).

Sidneydagi taniqli kameliya bog'chasi 1852 yilda Silas Shezer tomonidan tashkil etilgan "Camellia Grove" bo'lib, u dastlab Elizabeth fermasi tarkibiga kirgan Parramatta daryosiga tutash yerni ijaraga olgan. Fullerning 1877 yildagi Sidney qo'llanmasida bog'chasida 59 turdagi kamelya borligi tasvirlangan. Shezerning bog'chasidagi kamelya va boshqa gullar paroxodda daryo bo'yida Sidney bozorlaridagi gul sotuvchilarga jo'natilgan, ular dasta bo'lib bog'langan va palubalarga osilgan uzun yog'och bo'laklariga osilgan. Silas Shezer bir qancha kameliya navlarini ishlab chiqdi, eng mashhurlari (va hali ham tijoratda etishtiriladigan) <i id="mw3Q">C. japonica</i> "Shahzoda Frederik Uilyam" va C. japonica "Harriet Beecher Shezer" bo'lib, uning qizi nomini oldi. Shezerning bolalar bog'chasi yaqinidagi hudud oxir-oqibat shahar chetiga aylantirildi va Camellia Grove l bog'chasi sharafiga Camellia deb nomlandi.

1883 yilga kelib, o'sha paytda Avstraliyaning etakchi bog'chasi bo'lgan Shepherd and Company, Camellia japonica ning 160 navini o'stirgan.

Pillnitz qal'asi bog'idagi kameliya japonica, Germaniya
Front: Picture of Camellia Japonicas.; Verso: "Marshallville, Georgia, "Where Georgia Peaches Started." Thousands of Camellia Japonicas, November–March."; Verso: "Genuine Curteich-Chicago, "C.T. American Art""
Camellia Japonicas otkritkasi
Postcard of Camellia Pink Perfection; Verso: "Camellia Pink Perfection (Frau Mina Seidel). Southern Gardens are aflame in Mid-Winter with gorgeous and vari-colored Camellias."; Verso: "Genuine Curteich Chicago, "C.T. Photo-Colorit""
Camellia Pushti mukammalligining otkritkasi
  • "Ashiya"
    "Ashiya"
  • "Kamo-honnnami"
    "Kamo-honnnami"
  • "Sekidotaroan"
    "Sekidotaroan"
  • "CM Wilson"
    "CM Wilson"
  • "Chor"
    "Chor"
  • 'Dr. Tinsley
    'Dr. Tinsley
  • 'Dr. Klifford Parks
    'Dr. Klifford Parks
  • "Merkuriy oliy"
    "Merkuriy oliy"
  • "Royal Velvet"
    "Royal Velvet"
  • "Trifoza"
    "Trifoza"
  • "Ville de Nantes"
    "Ville de Nantes"
  • "Songzi" (Qarag'ay konusi)
    "Songzi" (Qarag'ay konusi)
  • "Bob Hope"
    "Bob Hope"
  • "Dramachi qiz"
    "Dramachi qiz"
  • "Fred Sander"
    "Fred Sander"
  • Noma'lum nav
    Noma'lum nav
  • "Hikarugenji"
    "Hikarugenji"
  • "Qora dantel"
    "Qora dantel"
  • "Coquettii"
    "Coquettii"
  • "Dahlohnega"
    "Dahlohnega"
  • "Düşes de Berri"
    "Düşes de Berri"
  • "Darvoza oldidagi oq"
    "Darvoza oldidagi oq"
  • "Althaeiflora"
    "Althaeiflora"
  • "Bernhard Lauterbax"
    "Bernhard Lauterbax"
  • "Chandlerning nafisligi"
    "Chandlerning nafisligi"
  • "Nobilissima"
    "Nobilissima"
  • "Enn Bler Braun rang-barang"
    "Enn Bler Braun rang-barang"
  • "Kolombo"
    "Kolombo"
  • "Frankie Winn"
    "Frankie Winn"
  • "Nuccio ning javohiri"
    "Nuccio ning javohiri"
Yapon pochta markasida C. japonica .
  • Garden Merit kamelya mukofotlari ro'yxati

Manbalar

  1. ↑ English Names for Korean Native Plants. Pocheon: Korea National Arboretum, 2015 — 385 bet. ISBN 978-89-97450-98-5. 2017-yil 4-yanvarda qaraldi. 
  2. ↑ Cothran, James R. Gardens and historic plants of the antebellum South. South Carolina: University of South Carolina Press. 2003. pages 166-167. ISBN 1-57003-501-6
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Valder, Peter. The Garden Plants of China. Oregon: Timber Press, 1999. ISBN 0-88192-470-9

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