Oq qalpoqli albatros sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{Avtomatik taksonquti
| nomi = Oq qalpoqli albatros
| tasvir = Thalassarche cauta 1 - SE Tasmania.jpg
| olam = [[Eukariotlar]]
| tip = [[Xordalilar]]
| sinf = [[Qushlar]]
| oila = [[Albatrossimonlar]]
| urugʻ = [[Mollymawk]]
| sarlavha = Xalqaro ilmiy nomi
| sarlavha_matn = ''Thalassarche cauta'' ([https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4,_%D0%94%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BD Gould], [[1841]])
| turlari = Oq qalpoqli albatros
}}
'''Oq qalpoqli albatros'''<ref>[[:ru:Бёме, Рюрик Львович|''Бёме Р. Л.'']], [[:ru:Флинт, Владимир Евгеньевич|''Флинт В. Е.'']] Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Птицы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский / Под общ. ред. акад. [[:ru:Соколов, Владимир Евгеньевич|В. Е. Соколова]]. — М.: Русский язык, РУССО, 1994. — С. 15. — 2030 экз. — ISBN 5-200-00643-0.</ref> yoki '''Uyatchan albatros''' ({{Lang-la|Thalassarche cauta}}) — Hind okeanining janubidagi [[Tasmaniya]] ([[Avstraliya]]) qirgʻoqlari yaqinidagi uchta tanho orollarda oʻrta kattalikdagi albatroslar turi. Shu bilan birga, ushbu qushlar, masalan, [[Janubiy Afrika Respublikasi|Janubiy Afrika]] va [[Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari|AQSh]] qirgʻoqlaridan uzoq masofalarda ham kuzatilgan. Bu Avstraliya uchun yagona [[Endemiklar|endemik]] albatros hisoblanadi. Qushlarning umr koʻrish davomiyligi taxminan 60 yil<ref>Burgess, y Georgie (27 June 2020). "'Endangered' status for shy albatross, recognising threats from climate change and fishing". ''ABC News''. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>. 2020-yil iyun holatiga koʻra, bu tur Avstraliyada “Yoʻqolib ketish xavfi ostida” roʻyxatiga kiritilgan. 15 000 juft albatros qolgan deb taxmin qilinadi. 

Baʼzi rasmiylar bu turni Uyatchan albatros deb atashadi.

== Tavsif ==
Oq qalpoqli albatrosning oʻrtacha uzunligi 90–99 sm, qanotlari kengligi 220–256 sm<ref>Dunn, Jon L. & Alderfer, Jonathan (2006)</ref> va vazni 4,1 kg ni tashkil qiladi. Xuddi shunday kattalikdagi qardosh turlari, [[Salvin albatros]] bilan bir qatorda, bu tur [[mollymawk]] yoki kichik albatroslarning eng kattasi hisoblanadi<ref>"[http://www.rspb.org.uk/supporting/campaigns/albatross/about/species/shy.aspx Save the albatross: Shy albatross]". ''The RSPB''</ref><ref>Brooke, Michael, ''Albatrosses and Petrels across the World (Bird Families of the World)''. Oxford University Press (2004), ISBN 978-0-19-850125-1</ref>. Bu qora, oq va shifer-kulrang qush. Voyaga yetganlarning oq peshonasi va tojlari bor, u pastki qismida toʻq qosh va och kulrang yuz bilan chegaralangan. Uning dumi va yuqori qanoti kulrang-qora, qolganlari oq rangda. Uning tumshugʻi kulrang-sariq rangda boʻlib, koʻzga koʻringan sariq uchi bor<ref>BirdLife International (2008a)</ref>.
[[Fayl:Thalassarche_cauta_steadi2.jpg|thumb| Talassarche cauta stabil]]

== Xulq-atvor ==
=== Oziqlanish ===
Oq qalpoqli albatros suv yuzasida va suvga shoʻngʻib yemish topib oziqlanadi. Uning 5 m chuqurlikka shoʻngʻiganligi qayd etilgan. Ular asosan [[baliqlar]], [[boshoyoqli mollyuskalar]], [[qisqichbaqasimonlar]] va oʻlaksalar bilan oziqlanadi<ref>Hedd, A. & Gales, R. (2001)</ref>.

=== Koʻpayish ===
Oq qalpoqli albatros toshli orollarda koʻpayadi va tuproq, oʻt va ildizlardan tepalik uyalarini quradi. Ular sentyabr oyining ikkinchi yarmida bitta tuxum qo‘yadi<ref>Brooke, M (2004)</ref>.

=== Parvoz chidamliligi ===
Ba'zi oq qalpoqli albatroslar 24 soatda 1000 kilometr (620 mil) masofani uchib oʻta oladilar<ref>Burgess, y Georgie (27 June 2020). "[https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-28/shy-albatross-gains-endangered-species-listing/12395140 'Endangered' status for shy albatross, recognising threats from climate change and fishing]". ''ABC News''. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 28 June 2020</ref>.
[[Fayl:Shy_albatross_in_flight.jpg|left|thumb| Bu albatroslar koʻpincha baliq ovlaydigan kema va qayiqlarga ergashadilar.]]

== Areal va yashash joyi ==
Oq qalpoqli albatros Avstraliyaning endemik selektsioneri boʻlib, u Hind okeanining janubidagi Tasmaniya yaqinidagi uchta orol koloniyalarida koʻpayadi<ref>Alderman, Rachael Louise (May 2012). ''[https://eprints.utas.edu.au/14711/1/front-Alderman-thesis.pdf The Shy Albatross (Thalassarche Cauta): Population Trends, Environmental and Anthropogenic Drivers, and the Future for Management and Conservation]'' (PDF) (PhD). [[:ru:Университет_Тасмании|University of Tasmania]]. Retrieved 28 June 2020.</ref>: Albatros oroli, Pedra Branka va Mewstone<ref>Brothers, Nigel (2001). ''Tasmania's Offshore Islands: seabirds and other natural features''. Tasmanian Museum and Art Gallery. ISBN <bdi>0-7246-4816-X</bdi>.</ref><ref>Hedd, A., et al. (2001a)</ref><ref>Garnett, S. T. & Crowley, G. M. (2000)</ref>. Bu Avstraliya uchun yagona endemik albatros hisoblanadi.

Voyaga yetmagan qushlar Janubiy Afrikagacha uchib ketishlari maʼlum<ref>BirdLife International (2004)</ref><ref>Baker, G. B., et al. (2007)</ref>, aks holda, nasldor boʻlmagan qushlarni janubiy okeanlarda uchratish mumkin, ammo ularning boshqa turlarga oʻxshashligi tufayli oʻziga xos xususiyatlarni aniqlash qiyin<ref>Double, M. C. , et al. (2003)</ref>. Baʼzan Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlarining Tinch okeani sohillarida joylashadi.

== Turlarni himoya qilish ==
[[:ru:Международный_союз_охраны_природы|IUCN]] bu turni xavf ostida qolganlar qatoriga kiritadi<ref>BirdLife International (2018). "''[https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22729604/132660845 Thalassarche cauta]''". ''[[Qizil kitob|IUCN Red List of Threatened Species]]''. '''2018''': e.T22729604A132660845. doi:1[[doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729604A132660845.en|0.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22729604A132660845.en]]. Retrieved 12 November 2021.</ref>, tarqalish diapazoni 23 900 000 km<sup>2</sup>. 2007-yilgi hisob-kitoblarga koʻra, ularning populyatsiyasi Albatros orolida 5100 juft, Pedra Brankada 270 juft va Mewstoneda 7380 juft boʻlgan 25 500 nasldor qushdan iborat edi. Tarixiy jihatdan, ular patlari uchun ovlangan va 1909-yilga kelib Albatros orolida atigi 300 juft qolgan<ref>Johnstone, G. W., et al. (1975)</ref>.

Bugungi kunda baliq ovlash hali ham bu turga ta'sir qiladi, ammo bu tahdidga qaramay, ularning soni saqlanib qolindi. Ular, shuningdek, Albatros orolida parranda chechak kasalligiga chalingan, bu ularning soniga ozgina taʼsir qilgan<ref>Woods, R. & Gales, R. (2008)</ref>.

2020-yil iyun oyida Avstraliya hukumati 1999-yildagi „Atrof-muhitni muhofaza qilish va biologik xilma-xillikni saqlash to‘g‘risida“gi qonunga muvofiq qushning maqomini „zaif“dan „yo‘qolib ketish xavfi ostidagi“ga o‘zgartirdi.

Qushni faqat Albatros orolida kuzatish mumkin, chunki qolgan ikkita orolga kirish imkoni yoʻq, ammo 15 000 juft oq qalpoqli albatros qolgan deb taxmin qilinadi.

Avstraliyada bu qushlar maʼlumotlar bazalarida va baʼzi qonun hujjatlarida ''Diomedea cauta'', ''Diomedea cauta cauta'' yoki ''Thalassarche cauta cauta''<ref name="sprat">{{Veb manbasi|sarlavha=Thalassarche cauta - Shy Albatross|ish=Species Profile and Threats Database (SPRAT)|nashriyot=Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Australian Government|sana=28 June 2020|url=https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=89224|kirish sanasi=28 June 2020|arxivsana=2022-05-04|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504013710/https://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/sprat/public/publicspecies.pl?taxon_id=89224}}</ref> kabi koʻrinishlarda keladi.

== Manbalar ==
{{Manbalar}}

== Adabiyotlar ==
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* {{Cite journal|last1=Baker|first1=G. B.|last2=Double|first2=M. C.|last3=Gales|first3=R.|last4=Tuck|first4=G. N.|last5=Abbott|first5=C. L.|last6=Ryan|first6=P. G.|last7=Petersen|first7=S. L.|last8=Robertson|first8=C. J. R.|last9=Alderman|first9=R.|year=2007|title=A global assessment of the impact of fisheries-related mortality on Shy and White-capped Albatrosses: conservation implications|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_biological-conservation_2007-07_137_3/page/319|journal=Biological Conservation|volume=137|issue=3|pages=319–333|doi=10.1016/j.biocon.2007.02.012}}
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* {{Cite journal|last1=Johnstone|first=G. W.|last2=Dorwood|first2=D. F.|author-link=Gavin Wildridge Johnstone|year=1975|title=The White-capped Albatross of Albatross Island: numbers and breeding behaviour|url=https://archive.org/details/sim_emu_1975-01_75_1/page/1|journal=Emu|volume=75|pages=1–11|doi=10.1071/mu9750001}}
* {{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop155.html|sarlavha=Proposal #155 to South American Check-list Committee: Split Shy Albatross Thalassarche cauta into two or three species|kirish sanasi=18 Feb 2009|familiya=Remsen Jr.|ism=J. V.|sana=Dec 2004|ish=South American Classification Committee|nashriyot=American Ornithologists' Union|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516005431/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop155.html|arxivsana=2008-05-16}}
* {{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop166.html|sarlavha=PROPOSAL (#166) TO SOUTH AMERICAN CLASSIFICATION COMMITTEE: RE-LUMP THALASSARCHE EREMITA AND THALASSARCHE SALVINI WITH THALASSARCHE CAUTA|kirish sanasi=18 Feb 2009|familiya=Remsen Jr.|ism=J. V.|sana=Feb 2005|ish=South American Classification Committee|nashriyot=American Ornithologists' Union|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080508083703/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop166.html|arxivsana=2008-05-08}}
* {{Veb manbasi|url=http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop255.html|sarlavha=Proposal (#255) to South American Classification Committee : Follow-up to Proposal 155: Split Thalassarche cauta into three species|kirish sanasi=18 Feb 2009|familiya=Remsen Jr.|ism=J. V.|sana=28 Feb 2008|ish=South American Classification Committee|nashriyot=American Ornithologists' Union|arxivurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080516013315/http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop255.html|arxivsana=2008-05-16}}
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* {{Kitob manbasi|title=Albatross biology and conservation|year=1998|publisher=Surrey Beatty & Sons|location=Chipping Norton, Australia|pages=13–19|chapter=Towards a new taxonomy for albatrosses}}
* Woods, R. & Gales, R. (2008), ''in litt.''

== Havolalar ==
* Wikimedia Commons'da [[c:Category:Thalassarche_cauta|Oq qalpoqli albatros]] rasmlari bor
* Shy Albatross — [http://sabap2.adu.org.za/docs/sabap1/011.pdf Species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds].
[[Turkum:Qushlar]]
[[Turkum:Hayvonlar]]
[[Turkum:Albatroslar]]