16-G7 sammiti sahifasining manbasini koʻrish

{{ Bilgiquti sammit
| sammit_nomi = 16-G7 sammiti
| boshqa_nomlari =
| tasvir =Lovett Hall.jpg
| alt =
| tavsif =Xyustondagi Rays universitetidagi Lovett Xoll
| davlat =[[AQSh]]
| davlat2 =
| davlat3 =
| davlat4 =
| sanalar =
| sana = [[1990-yil]] [[9-iyul|9]]-[[11-iyul]]  
| shior =
| joylar= [[Grande Arche]]
| shaharlar = [[Parij]]
| rahbar_unvoni =
| rais =
| asoschi =
| keyingi =[[17-G7 sammiti]]
| avvalgi =[[15-G7 sammiti]]
| vebsayti =
| boshsahifa =
| URL =
| muhimbandlar =
}}


'''16-G7 sammiti''' — [[1990-yil]] 9-11-iyul kunlari [[Xyuston]]da boʻlib oʻtdi. Sammit uchrashuvlari oʻtkaziladigan joy Rays universiteti kampusi va Xyuston muzeylar okrugidagi boshqa bir qancha joylar boʻldi<ref name="j-mofa1">Japan, [[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|Ministry of Foreign Affairs]] ([[Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Japan)|MOFA]]): [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html  Summit Meetings in the Past.]. Accessed 2009-03-11.  {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130724043611/http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html |date=July 24, 2013 }} 2009-04-30.</ref>.

Avval ''[[Katta sakkizlik#Tarixio|Katta oltilik]]'' sanoati rivojlangan eng boy mamlakatlar: [[Fransiya]], [[Gʻarbiy Germaniya]], [[Italiya]], [[Yaponiya]], [[Buyuk Britaniya]] va [[Qoʻshma Shtatlar]], [[Kanada]] (1976-yildan beri<ref name="saunders1">Saunders, Doug. [https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists  "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders,"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081011063004/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20080704.wG8-analysis05/BNStory/International/columnists |date=2008-10-11 }} ''Globe and Mail'' (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the [[G8|Group of Eight]] ([[G8#History|G7]]) with the inclusion of [[Russia]] starting in 1997.</ref>), [[Yevropa Komissiyasi]] (rasman 1981-yildan beri<ref name="reuters_what">Reuters: [http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true  "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?"] {{Webarxiv|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090305020749/http://uk.reuters.com/article/latestCrisis/idUKB26280520080703?sp=true |date=2009-03-05 }}, July 3, 2008.</ref>) rahbarlarining norasmiy forumi edi<ref name="saunders1"/>. Ushbu sammit va undan keyin boʻladigan boshqa sammitlar kengroq xalqaro institutlar bilan rasmiy ravishda bogʻlanishi kerak emas edi. Va aslida, boshqa xalqaro uchrashuvlarning qatʼiy qarorlari sababli oʻziga xos umidsizlikka uchragan Fransiya prezidenti va Gʻarbiy Germaniya kansleri oʻrtasidagi hamkorlikning natijasi oʻlaroq tashkil etilgan edi<ref name="reinalda205">Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Bt3AzOHtXwgC&dq=G7+summit&pg=PA205 ''Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations,'' p. 205.]</ref>.

==Sammitda ishtirok etgan rahbarlar==
[[File:President Bush meets with world leaders at the Economic Summit in Houston, Texas - NARA - 186413.jpg|thumb|Sammit rahbarlari Lovett Hallda: (chapdan oʻngga) [[Jacques Delors]], [[Giulio Andreotti]], [[Helmut Kohl]], [[François Mitterrand]], [[George H. W. Bush]], [[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Brian Mulroney]] va [[Toshiki Kaifu]].]]
G7 [[Kanada]], [[Yevropa Komissiyasi]], [[Fransiya]], [[Gʻarbiy Germaniya]], [[Italiya]], [[Yaponiya]], [[Buyuk Britaniya]] va [[AQSh]] rahbarlari uchun norasmiy yillik forumdir<ref name="reuters_what"/>.

Bu yilgi sammit [[Yaponiya Bosh vaziri]] [[Toshiki Kaifu]] uchun birinchisi boʻldi. Va [[Britaniya Bosh vaziri]] [[Margaret Thatcher]] uchun esa soʻnggi sammit boʻldi<ref name="nyt_apple1">Apple, R.W. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1D71739F937A15752C1A966958260&sec=&spon=&&scp=5&sq=1980%20summit%20%20conference%20G7&st=cse  "Thatcher's Failing: Inadaptability,"] ''New York Times.'' November 24, 1990.</ref>.

===Ishtirokchilar===
Ushbu sammit ishtirokchilari xalqaro forumning hozirgi „asosiy aʼzolari“ hisoblanadi<ref>Rieffel, Lex. [http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx   "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV),"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100603074840/http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2009/0327_global_governance_rieffel.aspx |date=June 3, 2010 }} Brookings. March 27, 2009; [http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site).] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100602190742/http://g8.gc.ca/about/member-states/ |date=June 2, 2010 }}</ref><ref name="j-mofa1"/><ref>MOFA: [http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/summit/2000/past_summit/table_e/index.html Summit (15)]; [[European Union]]: [http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php "EU and the G8"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070226165606/http://www.deljpn.ec.europa.eu/union/showpage_en_union.external.g8.php |date=2007-02-26 }}</ref>:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align: center; background:Gainsboro" |'''[[G7|G7 sammiti ishtirokchilari]]'''<br /><small>Mezbon davlat va yetakchisi qalin matn bilan koʻrsatilgan.</small>
|- style="background:LightSteelBlue; text-align:center;"
! colspan=2 | Aʼzolar

! Vakillar
! Lavozimi
|-
! {{flagicon|CAN}}
| [[Kanada]]
| [[Brian Mulroney]]
| [[Kanada bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
|-
! {{flagicon|FRA|1974}}
| [[Fransiya]]
| [[François Mitterrand]]
| [[Fransiya prezidenti|Prezident]]
|-
! {{flagicon|West Germany}}
| [[Gʻarbiy Germaniya]]
| [[Helmut Kohl]]
| [[Germaniya kansleri|Kansler]]
|-
! {{flagicon|Italy}}
| [[Italiya]]
| [[Giulio Andreotti]]
| [[Italiya bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
|-
! {{flagicon|Japan|1947}}
| [[Yaponiya]]
| [[Toshiki Kaifu]]
| [[Yaponiya Tashqi ishlar vaziri|Tashqi ishlar vaziri]]
|-
! {{flagicon|UK}}
| [[Birlashgan Qirollik]]
| [[Margaret Thatcher]]
| [[Birlashgan Qirollik bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
|-
! {{flagicon|USA}}
| '''[[Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]'''
| '''[[George H. W. Bush]]'''
| '''[[Qoʻshma Shtatlar prezidenti|Prezident]]'''
|-
! rowspan="2" | {{flagicon|European Union}}
| rowspan="2" | [[Yevropa iqtisodiy hamjamiyati]]
| [[Jacques Delors]]
| [[Yevropa Komissiyasi prezidenti|Komissiya prezidenti]]
|-
| [[Giulio Andreotti]]	
| [[Yevropa Kengashi raisi|Kengash raisi]]
|}

<!--
==Agenda==
===July 9===
President George H.W. Bush unofficially opened the summit the night before the first official round of meetings was scheduled. He hosted a rodeo and barbecue with "armadillo races, bull riding, barrel racing, calf scrambling, the Grand Ole Opry, an Old West village, cowboys and Indians, oil rigs, square dancing, a sheriff with silver spurs, Styrofoam cacti, a model of the space shuttle, horseshoe contests, 1,250 gallons of barbecue sauce and jalapenos, 500 pounds of onions, 5,000 servings of cobbler and carrot cake, and 650 gallons of lemonade and iced tea."<ref>Dowd, Maureen. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE7DF173BF93AA35754C0A966958260&scp=15&sq=July+9+1990&st=nyt  "Reporter's Notebook; The Welcome by Bush Is as Big as All Texas,"] ''New York Times.'' July 9, 1990.</ref>

===July 10===
The official opening ceremonies were held outside in the Academic Quadrangle at [[Rice University]]. The leaders stood on a specially built platform with air conditioners built into the floor which only afforded a measure of relief as temperatures rose to near 100 degrees. This platform was located in front of Lovett Hall, a Romanesque revival administration building designed by Ralph Adams Cram and built in 1912.<ref name="nyt_apple2">Apple, R. W. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CEEDD143DF933A25754C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=2  "The Houston Summit; U.S. Pushes to End Farming Subsidies."] ''New York Times.'' July 10, 1990.</ref>

At the close of initial speeches by each leader, the group moved inside, into the building's Founders Room, for their first working session in the building's "Founders Room." The talks lasted about two hours.<ref name="nyt_apple2"/>

[[File:BayouBendPorch.JPG|thumb|left|200x200px|The first day events were capped off with a working dinner at "Bayou Bend."]]

A working dinner at [[Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens|Bayou Bend]], once the home of a philanthropist, [[Ima Hogg]], and now a museum of American decorative arts was scheduled. The food, including [[tortilla soup]] and grilled red snapper with basil lime sauce, was prepared by three of the premier chefs in Texas.<ref name="nyt_apple2"/>

===July 11===
[[File:MFA houston.jpg|thumb|180x180px|The second day events included a dinner at Houston's Museum of Fine Arts.]]
In addition to their talks about significant international problems, the world leaders set aside some time to dine together in a formal affair which took place in Houston's [[Museum of Fine Arts, Houston|Museum of Fine Arts]] (MFAH).<ref>Dowd, Maureen. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE3DB1038F93AA15754C0A966958260&scp=4&sq=G-7+summit+Houston&st=nyt  "The Language Thing,"] ''New York Times.'' July 29, 1990.</ref>
-->
===Koʻrib chiqilgan masalalar===
Sammit uning aʼzolari oʻrtasidagi kelishmovchiliklarni hal qilish imkoniyat sifatida koʻrilgan. Amalda, sammit, shuningdek, uning a'zolari uchun qiyin iqtisodiy qarorlar oldida bir-birlariga oʻzaro dalda berish imkoniyati sifatida oʻylab topilgan<ref name="reinalda205"/>. Ushbu sammitda quyidagi masalalar muhokama qilindi:
*Xalqaro iqtisodiy vaziyat
*Xalqaro [[valyuta]] taraqqiyoti va siyosati
*Xalqaro savdo tizimi
* Toʻgʻridan-toʻgʻri investitsiyalar
* Eksport kreditlari
* [[Markaziy Yevropa|Markaziy]] va [[Sharqiy Yevropa]]dagi islohotlar
* [[Sovet Ittifoqi]]
* Rivojlanayotgan davlatlar
* Giyohvand moddalar

==Natijalar==
1989-yilda boʻlgani kabi 1990-yilda ham sammit rahbarlari iqlim oʻzgarishiga qarshi kurashish, ozon qatlamini tiklash, bioxilma-xillikni muhofaza qilish va oʻrmonlarni tiklash haqida muzokaralar olib bordilar.

==Byudjet==
Houston sammit oldidan fuqarolarni obodonlashtirish loyihalariga qariyb 20 million dollar sarfladi<ref name="nyt_apple3">Apple, R. W. [https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D0CEFD61430F936A25754C0A967958260&scp=6&sq=G-7+summit+Houston&st=nyt  "Reporter's Notebook; British Hosts, Being British, Plan an Understated Splendor,"] ''New York Times.'' July 15, 1991.</ref>.

==Mahalliy hamjamiyatni jalb qilish==
[[File:FlagPosts.JPG|thumb|right|Haykal hozirda Jorj Bush qitʼalararo aeroportiga kiraverishda joylashgan.]]

Enron kompaniyasi ijrochi direktori va boshqaruv kengashi raisi Kennet Ley G-7 davlatlari iqtisodiy sammiti tashkiliy qoʻmitasining hamraisi edi<ref>New York Times: Ken Lay, [https://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/business/20020203_enron_PATH/biz_enron_PATH.html?scp=4&sq=G7%20summit%20Houston&st=cse#  career timeline.]</ref>.

==Galereya==
<gallery widths="145px">
File:Mulroney.jpg|{{flagicon|Canada}} '''[[Kanada]]'''<br />[[Brian Mulroney]], [[Kanada bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
File:President François Mitterrand in 1983.jpg|{{flagicon|France|1974}} '''[[Fransiya]]'''<br />[[François Mitterrand]], [[Fransiya prezidenti|Prezident]]
File:Helmut Kohl (1996) cropped.jpg|{{flagicon|Germany}} '''[[Germaniya]]'''<br />[[Helmut Kohl]], [[Germaniya konsleri|Konsler]]
File:Giulio Andreotti.jpg|{{flagicon|Italy}} '''[[Italiya]]'''<br />[[Giulio Andreotti]], [[Italiya bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
File:Toshiki Kaifu 19890810.jpg|{{flagicon|Japan|1947}} '''[[Yaponiya]]'''<br />[[Toshiki Kaifu]], [[Yaponiya bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
File:Margaret Thatcher stock portrait (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} '''[[Birlashgan Qirollik]]'''<br />[[Margaret Thatcher]], [[Birlashan Qirollik bosh vaziri|Bosh vazir]]
File:Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981-cropped.jpg|{{flagicon|United States}} '''[[Qoʻshma Shtatlar]]'''<br />[[George H. W. Bush]], [[Qoʻshma Shtatlar prezidenti|Prezident]]
File:Jacques Delors (cropped).jpg|{{flagicon|EU}} '''[[Yevropa Ittifoqi]]'''<br />[[Jacques Delors]], [[Yevrokomissiya prezidenti|Komissiya prezidenti]]
</gallery>

==Yana qarang==
*[[Katta sakkizlik | G8]]

== Manbalar ==
{{manbalar}}

{{G7 sammitlari}}
[[Turkum: G7 sammitlari|1990]]