Hasaka

Hasaka
Hasaka; ٱلْحَسَكَة; Heseke; ܚܣܝܟܐ
	Shahar
	36°30′42″N 40°44′32″E / 36.51167°N 40.74222°E G OKoordinatalari: 36°30′42″N 40°44′32″E / 36.51167°N 40.74222°E G O
Mamlakat	Suriya
muhofaza	Hasaka
tuman	Hasaka
Hukumat
Markazi balandligi	300 m
Rasmiy til(lar)i	arab tili
Aholisi (2023)	422,445
Vaqt mintaqasi	UTC+3
Telefon kodi	+963 52
	Hasaka

Hasaka (arabcha: الحسكة) — Suriyaning shimoli-sharqiy qismidagi shahar. Hasaka muhofazasining maʼmuriy markazi.

Tarixi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

2007-yilda Citadel tepaligidagi qazishmalar. Orqa fonda Fransiyaning Suriya mandati davridagi kazarmani koʻrish mumkin.

Fransuz ossuriyashunosi Dominik Charpin shahar markazidagi qadimiy tepalikni Qirdahat shahri ekanligini aniqlagan^[2]. Yana bir ehtimolga koʻra, bu shahar yaqinida oromiylar bilan jang qilgan Ossuriya shohi Ashur-bel-kala tilga olgan qadimiy Magarisu shahri boʻlgan^[3]. „Magarisu“ etimologiyasi oromiychadan (mgrys ildizidan olingan) boʻlib, „yaylov“ degan maʼnoni bildiradi^[4]. Shahar Ossuriya shohlari Tukulti-Ninurta II va Ashurnasirapal II tomonidan bosib olingan oromiylarning Bit-Yahiri davlatining poytaxti edi^[5].

Qazishmalar natijasida Oʻrta Ossuriya, Vizantiya va Islom davriga oid materiallar topilgan. Bosqinchilikning oxirgi darajasi XV asrda tugaydi^[6]. 1500 yillik davr Oʻrta Ossuriya va Vizantiya darajalarini ajratadi^[7].

Atrofda shahardan 7,6 kilometr shimolda joylashgan Tall Sulaymoniy kabi boshqa koʻplab arxeologik tepalar mavjud.

Usmoniylar davrida shahar ahamiyatsiz edi^[8]. Bugungi aholi punkti 1922-yil aprel oyida fransuz harbiy posti sifatida tashkil etilgan boʻlib, u tez orada shaharga aylandi^[8]. Suriyaning shimolida yangi shaharlar barpo etish Fransiya mandati maʼmuriyati tomonidan zarur deb topildi, chunki Turkiya Respublikasi tashkil etilgandan keyin barcha yirik iqtisodiy markazlar Turkiyaga oʻtib ketgan edi^[8]. Usmonli imperiyasida arman genotsidi va Ossuriya genotsididan soʻng, koʻplab qochqinlar quvilganidan keyin hududga qochib ketishdi va 1920-yillarda uni rivojlantirishga kirishdilar.

Fransiya mandati davrida Simele qirgʻini paytida Iroqdagi etnik tozalashdan qochgan ossuriylar 1930-yillarda Xobur daryosi boʻyida koʻplab qishloqlar qurdilar^[9]. Oʻsha paytda fransuz qoʻshinlari Citadel tepaligida joylashgan edi. 1942-yilda Al-Hasakada 7835 nafar aholi, bir nechta maktablar, ikkita cherkov va yoqilgʻi quyish shoxobchasi bor edi^{[manba kerak]}. Yangi shahar 1950-yillardan boshlab mintaqaning maʼmuriy markaziga aylandi. Qamishli va Al-Hasaka shaharlaridagi iqtisodiy yuksalish 1960-yillarda boshlangan irrigatsiya loyihalari natijasi boʻlib, Suriya shimoli-sharqini paxta ekiladigan hududga aylantirgan.

1993-yil 23-martda Al-Hasaka markaziy qamoqxonasida mahbuslar u yerdagi sharoitga norozilik bildirganidan soʻng katta yongʻin sodir boʻldi, natijada 61 mahbus halok boʻldi va 90 kishi yaralandi. Hibsga olinganlar politsiya boshligʻi va Suriya kuchlarini oʻt qoʻyganlikda aybladi. Hukumat besh mahbusni aybladi va ular 1993-yil 24-mayda qatl etildi^[10]^[11].

Galereya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Avliyo Georgiy suryoniy pravoslav sobori
Xaldean katolik cherkovi
Tell Hajjar mahallasi

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ „world population review“. Al Hasakah population Estimate 2023. world population review.
↑ Hartmut Kühne. Dūr-Katlimmu 2008 and Beyond, 2010 — 41 bet. ISBN 9783447062091.
↑ Trevor Bryce. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire, 2009 — 439 bet. ISBN 9781134159079.
↑ American University of Beirut. Land tenure and social transformation in the Middle East, 1984 — 5 bet. ISBN 9780815660712.
↑ Antti Laato. A Star is Rising: The Historical Development of the Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations, 1997 — 107 bet. ISBN 9780788504204.
↑ „انهاء أعمال التنقيب في "تل الحسكة" الأثري“. esyria.sy (2009). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 18-avgust.
↑ „أخيراً نطق تل "الحسكة" الأثري“. esyria.sy (2009). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 18-avgust.
↑ ^8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Schmidinger, Thomas. Krieg und Revolution in Syrisch-Kurdistan: Analysen und Stimmen aus Rojava (de). Mandelbaum Verlag, 2017-03-22 — 63 bet. ISBN 978-3-85476-665-0.
↑ Fernandez, Alberto M. (1998). "Dawn at Tel Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur River". Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies (JAAS) 12 (1). http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v12n1/Fernandez.pdf.
↑ „بعد 28 عاماً على حريق سجن الحسكة أهالي 61 ضحية مازالوا بانتظار تحقيق العدالة“ (2021-yil 25-mart).
↑ „Refworld | Syria: Whether a fire was set at Hasaka prison on 24 March 1993 killing around 60 people“.

Adabiyotlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Vanly, Ismet Chériff „The Kurds in Syria and Lebanon“,. The Kurds: A Contemporary Overview. New York City, London: Routledge, 1992 — 116 bet. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.

Geografiyaga oid ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.

[1] „world population review“. Al Hasakah population Estimate 2023. world population review.

[2] Hartmut Kühne. Dūr-Katlimmu 2008 and Beyond, 2010 — 41 bet. ISBN 9783447062091.

[3] Trevor Bryce. The Routledge Handbook of the Peoples and Places of Ancient Western Asia: The Near East from the Early Bronze Age to the fall of the Persian Empire, 2009 — 439 bet. ISBN 9781134159079.

[4] American University of Beirut. Land tenure and social transformation in the Middle East, 1984 — 5 bet. ISBN 9780815660712.

[5] Antti Laato. A Star is Rising: The Historical Development of the Old Testament Royal Ideology and the Rise of the Jewish Messianic Expectations, 1997 — 107 bet. ISBN 9780788504204.

[ref1-6] „انهاء أعمال التنقيب في "تل الحسكة" الأثري“. esyria.sy (2009). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 18-avgust.

[7] „أخيراً نطق تل "الحسكة" الأثري“. esyria.sy (2009). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 18-avgust.

[:0-8] 8,0 ^8,1 ^8,2 Schmidinger, Thomas. Krieg und Revolution in Syrisch-Kurdistan: Analysen und Stimmen aus Rojava (de). Mandelbaum Verlag, 2017-03-22 — 63 bet. ISBN 978-3-85476-665-0.

[9] Fernandez, Alberto M. (1998). "Dawn at Tel Tamir: The Assyrian Christian Survival on the Khabur River". Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies (JAAS) 12 (1). http://www.jaas.org/edocs/v12n1/Fernandez.pdf.

[10] „بعد 28 عاماً على حريق سجن الحسكة أهالي 61 ضحية مازالوا بانتظار تحقيق العدالة“ (2021-yil 25-mart).

[11] „Refworld | Syria: Whether a fire was set at Hasaka prison on 24 March 1993 killing around 60 people“.

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k m t Suriya shaharlari va shaharchalari roʻyxati
Muhofaza markazlari	Damashq Darʼo Dayr uz-Zavr Halab Hamo Hasaka Hims Idlib Loziqiya Qunaytira Raqqa Rif Damashq Suvaydo Tartus
Tuman markazlari	Abu Kamol Afrin Ariho Atorib Ayn al-Arab Azoz al-Bob Baniyas Dorayyo Dayr Hofir Dumo Duraykish Fiq al-Haffa Harim Izra' Jabla Jarobulus Jisr ash-Shugʻur Maarat an-Noʻmon Al-Malikiya Manbij Masyof Mayadin Mharda Al-Muharram An-Nabk Palmira Qamishli Qardaha Qatana Qudsiya Al-Qusayr al-Qutayfa Ra's al-'Ayn Ar-Rastan as-Safira Safita Salomiya Salhad As-Sanamayn As-Suqaylabiya Talkalax At-Tall Tell Abyad At-Tavra Yabroʻd Az-Zabadoniy Shahba Ash-Shayx Badr
Nohiya markazlari	Abu Qilqil Abu al-Thuhur Akhtarin Amuda Arbeen Arima al-Ariqah al-Arishah Armanaz Arwad al-Asharah Assal al-Ward Awj Ayn al-Fijah Ayn Halaqim Ayn Issa Ayn al-Nasr Babbila Banan Barri Sharqi Beit Jinn Binnish Bir al-Helou Busro Bulbul Busayrah Da'el al-Dana Darat Izza Darkush al-Darbasiyah Deir Atiyah al-Dimas al-Dumayr Furqlus Ghabaghib Ghandoura al-Ghariyah al-Ghizlaniyah al-Hader Hadidah al-Hajar al-Aswad al-Hajib Hajin al-Hamidiyah al-Hamraa Harasta Harbnafsah Harran al-Awamid al-Hirak Hish Hisyah Al-Hol Huraytan al-Huwash Ibbin Samaan Ihsim Jayrud al-Jalaa al-Janudiyah Jaramana al-Jarniyah Jasim al-Jawadiyah Jubb al-Jarrah Jubb Ramlah Jindires al-Jiza al-Qabu Kafr Batna Kafr Nabl Kafr Takharim Kafr Zita al-Karamah al-Kasrah Kessab al-Khafsah Khan Shaykhun Khasham Kirnaz Kuwayris Sharqi Khanaser Khirbet Ghazaleh Khirbet al-Tin Mahmoud al-Kiswah Ma'arrat Misrin Maabatli Maadan Ma'loula Madaya Mahin Malah al-Malihah al-Mansurah Mare' Markada Mashta al-Helu Maskanah al-Masmiyah al-Mazraa Muhambal Muhasan al-Musayfirah al-Mushannaf Muzayrib al-Nashabiyah al-Nasirah Nawa Nubl al-Qadmus al-Qahtaniyah Qalaat al-Madiq Qarah al-Qaryatayn al-Qurayya Qurqania Rajo Rankus Rasm Harmil al-Imam al-Rai al-Riqama al-Ruhaybah al-Saan Saasaa Sabburah al-Sabe' Biyar al-Sabkhah Sadad Sahnaya Saidnaya Salqin Saraqib Sarmin Sarrin Soʻvron Sebei al-Shaddadah al-Shajara Shaqqa Sharran Shathah Shaykh al-Hadid al-Shaykh Maskin Shayukh Tahtani Shin Sinjar Sirghaya Slinfah Suluk al-Surah al-Saghirah al-Suwar Suran al-Susah al-Sukhnah al-Tabni Talbiseh Taldou al-Tamanah Tasil Tell al-Daman Tell Hamis Tell Rifaat Tell Salhab Tell Tamer Tedef Thiban Uqayribat Urum al-Kubra Wadi al-Oyun al-Yaarubiyah al-Zirbah az-Ziyarah

k m t Hasaka muhofazasi
Markazi: Hasaka
	Hasaka tumani	Hasaka Abu Hajirat Khuatana Abu Tinah al-Alwa al-Arishah Bir al-Helou Bureij Sharqi Dashishah Gharbiyah al-Fadghami al-Fakkah Markada Ghabshah al-Ghariri al-Haddadiyah al-Hajiyah al-Hol Al-Kharitah Khatuniyah Markada Markada Sharqiyah Qaber Shamiyah al-Sabaa wa Arbain al-Saadah Safia ash-Shaddoda al-Shaykh Hamad Sumayhan Gharbi Tell Arboush Tell Balouaah Tell Baz Tell Beydar Tell Brak Tell Bureij Tell Damshij Tell Fuweidat Jazira Tell Goran Tell Hefyan Tell Hermez Tell Jazira Tell Jedaya Tell Jemaah Tell Kifji Tell Maghas Tell Majdal Tell Makhadah Tell Massas Tell Nasri Tell Ruman Tell Safouk Tell Sakra Tell Tal Tell Tala Tell Tamr Tell Tavil Tell Tavil Gʻarbiy Tell Shamah Tell Shamiram Tuayna Umm Gʻargan Umm al-Kayf Umm Madfa
	Qamishli tumani	Qamishli Amuda Jimaayah al-Manathirah Al-Qahtoniya at-Tannuriya Tell Hamis Tell Maaruf Umm al-Fursan
	Al-Malikiya tumani	Ayn Devor Al-Malikiya al-Javodiya al-Muabbada Maashuq Sabaa Jafar al-Suwaydiyah al-Tabaqah Tell Adas Tell Arab al-Yaarubiya Rmelan
	Ras al-Ayn tumani	Ras al-Ayn Abu Rasin ad-Dirbosiya al-Lid Dirbasiyah Mabrouka al-Manajir Tell Halaf Tell Sinan Sharqi Umm al-Dibs Dirbasiyah