Tetrastichus

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Категория:Животные по алфавиту

Tetrastichus (lat.) Tetrastichinae (Eulophidae) kenja oilasidan kichik xaltsidoid chavandozlar jinsi. Eulophid oilasining eng katta avlodlaridan biri, shu jumladan 500 ga yaqin tur.

Butun dunyoda uchraydi. Palearktikada 140 dan ortiq turlari mavjud. Rossiya faunasi uchun 56 turi berilgan.

Tavsif[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

1-2 mm uzunlikdagi kichik Eulophid chavandozlari. Clypeusning qirrasi ikki tishli. Scutellum lateral oluklar bilan. Trapezoidal bosh. Ko'krak qavariq, kalta. Oraliq segmentda orqa tomondan ikkiga boʻlingan ikkita paraspirator tizma bor. Old tibia bir shnur bilan. Oldingi qanotlari postmarginal venasiz. Bir to'plamli submarginal vena. Mezoskutum odatda o'rta bo'ylama chiziqqa ega. Antenna klubi 3 segmentdan, 3 segmentli flagellumdan, 3-4 segmentli annelusdan iborat). Mandibulyar va lab palplari 1 segmentdan iborat. Ular qoʻngʻiz lichinkalarida (Coleoptera) parazitlik qiladi[1].

Ma'nosi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Ular hasharotlar zararkunandalariga qarshi biohimoyada entomofaglar - parazitoidlar sifatida ishlatiladi. Tetrastichus julis turi Oulema melanopus (Chrysomelidae) barg qo'ng'izini nazorat qilish uchun Yevropadan Kanada va AQShga keltirildi[2].

Tetrastichus planipennisi turi oltin qo'ng'iz Agrilus planipennis (Buprestidae)[3]ni nazorat qilish uchun Evropadan kiritilgan.

Tasniflash[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

500 ga yaqin tur tavsiflangan[4][5].

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ Noyes J. S. „Tetrastichus Haliday, 1844“ (en). Universal Chalcidoidea Database. World Wide Web electronic publication.. www.nhm.ac.uk The Trustees of The Natural History Museum, London (version as of 2015). Qaraldi: 2015-yil 19-may.
  2. ↑ Evans EW, Karren JB, Israelsen CE. Interactions over time between cereal leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and larval parasitoid Tetrastichus julis (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Utah. J Econ Entomol. 2006;99(6):1967—1973. doi:10.1603/0022-0493-99.6.1967
  3. ↑ Duan JJ, Oppel C. Critical rearing parameters of Tetrastichus planipennisi (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) as affected by host plant substrate and host-parasitoid group structure. J Econ Entomol. 2012;105(3):792—801. doi:10.1603/ec11431
  4. ↑ Species in genus Tetrastichus
  5. ↑ Graham MWRdV (1991) A reclassification of the European Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae): Revision of the remaining genera. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 49: 1‑322.
  6. ↑ Christer Hansson, Stefan Schmidt. A revision of European species of the genus Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) using integrative taxonomy(ingl.) // Biodiversity Data Journal : Журнал. — Sofia: Pensoft Publishers, 2021. — Vol. 8, Andoza:Бсокр. — P. 1—224. — ISSN 1314-2828. — DOI:10.3897/BDJ.8.e59177.

Adabiyot[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • (Efremova Z. A. ) Yefremova ZA Rossiyaning Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) katalogi. // Linzer biologische Beitrage. 2002 yil. — jild. 34. № 1. - B. 563-618.
  • Kostyukov V.V. Kichik oila. 5. Tetrastichinae // SSSRning Evropa qismidagi hasharotlar uchun kalit. T. 3. Hymenoptera, 2-qism. M.;L., 1978. S. 430-467.
  • Kostyukov V. IN. Kichik oila Tetrastichinae. P.346-506. //Efremova Z. A., Storozheva N. A., Kostyukov V. IN. Eulophidlar oilasi - Eulophidae // Rossiyaning Uzoq Sharqidagi hasharotlar kaliti. 1995. V.4. 4.2. 291-506-betlar.
  • Kostyukov V. V. (1976). SSSRdan Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) jinsining yangi kaltsid turlari soxta shkalali hasharotlarning (Homenoptera, Coccoidea) ikkilamchi parazitlari. Entomologik tekshiruv 55(1) p. 169-177.
  • Kostyukov, V. IN. Parazitlarning yangi turi Tetrastichus nartshukae sp. P. Turkmanistondan (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) / V. V. Kostyukov // Turkmaniston SSR Fanlar Akademiyasi materiallari. Biologiya fanlari seriyasi. - 19766. - S. 89-91.
  • Kostyukov V. V. (1976). Oltoy oʻlkasidan Cimbex femorata L. (Hymenoptera, Cimbicidae) tuxumlarining birlamchi va ikkilamchi parazitlari Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) jinsining yangi kalsid turlari. SSSR Fanlar akademiyasining Zoologiya instituti materiallari. Leningrad. - T. 61. - S. 89-97.
  • Kostyukov V. V. (1977). Kaltsid kenja oilasining qiyosiy morfologiyasi. Tetrastichinae va Tetrastichus Haliday jinsi tizimi, 1844 (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae). Entomologik sharh 56(1) pp. 177-194.
  • Kostyukov V. IN. SSSRning Uzoq Sharqidan Tetrastichus Haliday (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) jinsining yangi turlari / V. V. Kostyukov // Uzoq Sharq taksonomiyasi yangiliklari. - Vladivostok .: Dalnauka, 1990. - S. 46-63.
  • Kostyukov V. IN. Tetrastichusning yangi turi (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) arra pashshasi Blasticotoma filiceti (Hymenoptera, Blasticotomidae) parazitidir / V. V. Kostyukov // Zoologiya jurnali. - 2001. - T. 80, No 7. - S. 879-881.
  • Fursov V. N. Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) jinsining yangi turlari - ninachilar va suzuvchi qo'ng'izlar tuxumlarining parazitlari / V. N. Fursov, V. V. Kostyukov.// Zoologiya jurnali. - 1987. T. 66, №. 2. - S. 217-228.
  • Boucek, Z. & Askew, R. R. 1968. Palaearctic Eulophidae sine Tetrastichinae . – Entomofag hasharotlar indeksi – 3:260pp. (Tahr.: Delucchi, V.; Remaudière, G.) - Le Fransua, Parij.
  • Domenichini G. Palearctic Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) // Entomofag hasharotlar ko'rsatkichi. - Parij, 1966 yil. B. 1-101.
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  • Graham, M.W.R. de V. 1991 yil. Evropa Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) ning qayta tasnifi: qolgan avlodlarning qayta ko'rib chiqilishi. Amerika entomologiya institutining xotiralari 49: 1-322.
  • LaSalle J. 1994 yil. Tetrastichinae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae ) ning Shimoliy Amerika avlodi. - Tabiiy tarix jurnali 28: 109-236.
  • Saraswat GG (1975), Hindistondan ba'zi Tetrastichus (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) haqida. Entomologiya maktabining xotiralari, St. Jon kolleji, Agra № 4 bet. 1-34.

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