Bosh musiqa tanqidchilari ro‘yxati

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya
Fayl:Ernest newman.jpg
19-asr oxiri va 20-asr boshlaridagi yetakchi tanqidchilar, soat yoʻnalishi boʻyicha, chapdan oʻngga:

G'arb mumtoz musiqasi musiqa tanqidining katta tarixiga ega va ko'plab shaxslar musiqa tanqidchisi sifatida martaba yaratdilar. Biroq, kontsert sharhlari har doim ham kundalik va haftalik gazetalarda, ayniqsa 20-asrning boshlari va o'rtalaridagi gazetalarda yozilmaydi. Bosh musiqa tanqidchilarining ushbu tanlab olingan roʻyxati (yoki shunga oʻxshash nom, taʼsir yoki maqom).

G'arb musiqasining jurnalistik gazetalari tanqidi 1840-yillarga qadar to'g'ri shakllanmagan. Undan oldin, Angliyada Jozef Addison Handel davridagi "Tomoshabin" ga musiqa bo'yicha insholar yozgan. Sobiq opera impresarisi Villian Ayrton “Morning Chronicle” (1813–1926) va “The Examiner” (1837–1851) uchun vaqti-vaqti bilan musiqiy tanqid yozishni boshladi va 1823-yilda “Garmonicon ” oylik musiqa jurnaliga asos soldi[1] The Atheæum (va uning tanqidchisi HF Chorley, 1830-yildan 1868-yilgacha yozgan) kabi san'at va adabiy jurnallar ba'zan musiqiy mavzularni yoritib turardi. Mutaxassis musiqiy gazetasi The Musical World 1836-yilda va The Musical Times 1844-yilda nashr etilgan. Fransiyada bastakor Ektor Berlioz 1830 va 1840-yillardagi Parij matbuoti uchun[2] taqriz va tanqidlar yozgan, Jerard de Nerval va Fransua-Jozef Fetis kabi boshqa fransuz yozuvchilari ham[3]. Germaniyada Robert Shumann 1830-yillarda Neue Zeitschrift für Musik uchun nufuzli sharhlar bera boshladi. Ammo Angliyadagi The Morning Post muntazam ravishda kontsert hisobotlarini chop etadigan birinchi kundalik gazeta edi, The Times esa 1846 yilda professional darajada malakali musiqa tanqidchisi J.V.Devidsonni birinchi bo'lib tayinlagan[4]. 1800-yillarning oxirlarida Eduard Hanslick Neue Freie Presse uchun yozgan Avstriyadagi yetakchi shaxsga aylandi.

Musiqa tanqidining mavjudligi o'sishda davom etdi va 20-asrga kelib, ko'plab yirik gazetalar The Morning Post va Times gazetalariga qo'shilib, doimiy musiqa tanqidchilari postlarini o'rnatdilar, jumladan The Daily Telegraph, The Guardian, The Observer va The Sunday Times Britaniyada va Chikagoda . Amerikada Tribune, New York Herald Tribune va The New York Times . 19-asrning oxiri va 20-asrning boshlarida Nyu-Yorkda joylashgan "Eski gvardiya" deb nomlangan norasmiy guruh tomonidan ochilgan o'ziga xos Amerika tanqid maktabi paydo bo'ldi, uning tarkibiga Richard Aldrich, Genri Teofil Fink, Uilyam Jeyms Xenderson, Jeyms kiradi. Huneker va Genri Edvard Krehbiel[5][6]. Bu davrning boshqa yetakchi tanqidchilari orasida Jon Aleksandr Fuller Meytlend, Britaniyada Samuel Lengford va Ernest Nyuman va Germaniyada Pol Bekker bor edi.

Ikkinchi jahon urushidan keyin Erik Blom, Nevill Kardus, Martin Kuper, Olin Dauns, Xarold C. Shonberg va Virjil Tomson yetakchi tanqidchilar edi. 20-asr oxiridagi nufuzli musiqa tanqidchilari orasida Martin Bernxaymer, Robert Komandey, Richard Dayer, Maykl Kennedi va Maykl Shtaynberg bor. 21-asrda kamroq gazetalar klassik musiqa uchun tanqidchilarga bag'ishlangan, ammo yozuvchilar hali ham faol edilar, masalan, The New Yorker gazetasida Aleks Ross, The New York Times gazetasida Entoni Tommasini va The Washington Post gazetasida Tim Peyj va Enn Midgette .

Nashr bo'yicha ro'yxat[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]


Aftonbladet (Shvetsiya)

  • Adolf Lindgren, 1874-1905-yillar[7]

Atlas (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Edward Holmes, 1826-1838 (va keyinroq)[8]

Birmingem Post (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Stiven Stratton, 1877-1906[9]
  • Ernest Nyuman, 1906-1919-yillar [10]
  • AJ Sheldon (1874-1931), 1920-1931.
  • Erik Blom, 1931-1946-yillar[11]
  • Jon F Waterhouse, 1950-yillar. . . ? .
  • Kristofer Morli, 1988-yildan[12].

The Boston Globe (AQSh)

  • Maykl Shtaynberg, 1964-1976-yillar[13].
  • Richard Dayer, 1976–2006-yillar.
  • Jeremy Eichler, 2006-yildan[14]

Boston Herald (AQSh)

  • Filipp Xeyl, 1903-1934-yillar.
Jorj Putnam Upton, Chicago Tribune tanqidchisi

Chicago Tribune (AQSh)

  • George Putnam Upton, 1861-1881-yillar.
  • William Matthews (W. S. B. Matthews), 1878-1886.
  • Frederick Grant Gleason, 1884-1889.
  • Albert Goldberg (1898-1990), 1943-1947.
  • John fon Rhein, 1978–2018[15].

Daily Express (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Frensis Toye, etakchi yozuvchi, keyin musiqa tanqidchisi, 1922–1925[16].
  • Artur Jeykobs, 1947-1952[17].
  • Noel Gudvin, bosh musiqa va raqs tanqidchisi, 1965–1978[18][19].

Kundalik grafik (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • RA Streatfeild, 1898-1902.

Daily Herald (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Rutland Boughton, 1912-yildan.
  • Spike Xyuz, 1933-1936.
  • Styuart Fletcher, 1930-yillar.
  • Martin Kuper, 1946-1950.

Daily Mail (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Richard Capell, 1911-1933[20].
  • Edvin Evans, 1933-1945[21].
  • Ralf Xill, 1933 yildan musiqa tanqidchisi yordamchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1945–1948[22].
  • Persi Kater, 1953-1960 yillar[23].

Daily News (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Jorj Xogart, 1846-1866.
  • Edvard A Baughan, taxminan 1904-1910. [24]
  • Alfred Kalisch, 1912-1933? [24]
Fayl:Joseph-Bennett-critic.jpg
Jozef Bennet 1910 yilda

Daily Telegraph (AQSh)

  • Campbell Clarke, 1855-1870[24].
  • Joseph Bennett, 1870-1906[25].
  • Robin Legj, 1906-1931[26].
  • Gerbert Xyuz, 1911-1932[27].
  • Richard Capell, 1933-1954[20].
  • Martin Kuper, 1950-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1954–1976[28].
  • Piter Stadlen, 1959 yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1976–85[29].
  • Entoni Peyn, 1965-1987.
  • Jerald Abraham, 1967–1968 (Stadlen va Kuperni to'ldirish).
  • Maykl Kennedi, 1950-yildan beri xodimlarning musiqa tanqidchisi, qo'shma bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1986–2005[30].
  • Geoffrey Norris, 1983-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, 1995-yildan 2009-yilgacha bosh musiqa tanqidchisi[31].
  • Ivan Hewett, 2002-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, 2009-yildan bosh musiqa tanqidchisi [32]

Kechki yangiliklar (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • William McNaught, 1933-1939.
  • Mosco Carner, kontsert musiqasi tanqidchisi, 1957–1961[23].

Evening Standard ( The Standard nomi bilan tanilgan, 1827–1904) (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Genri Frost, 1888-1901[24].
  • Persi Skoulz, 1913-1920.
  • Artur Jeykobs, 1956-1958.
  • Rik Jons, 1992–2002.
  • Barri Millington, 2002-2020-yillar.

Financial Times (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Andrew Porter, 1953-1972[33].
  • Ronald Krikton, 1972–1978[34].
  • Maks Loppert, 1980–1994.
  • Endryu Klark, 1990-yillarning oxiridan (hozir nafaqada)[35].
Pol Bekker tax. 1925–27

Frankfurter Zeitung (Germaniya)

  • Pol Bekker, 1911-1923-yil.

Glasgow Herald (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Malcolm Rayment, 1983-yilgacha.
  • Michael Turnelti, 1983–2011.

The Guardian (1959-yilgacha The Manchester Guardian ) (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Jorj Fremantl, 1867-1895[24]
  • Arthur Johnstone, 1896–1904[36]
  • Ernest Newman, 1905-1906[10].
  • Samuel Langford, 1906-1927[37].
  • Neville Kardus, 1927-1940[38].
  • Philip Hope-Wallace, musiqa va teatr tanqidchisi, 1946-1979.
  • Colin Mason, 1950–1964[39].
  • Edward Greenfield, 1955-yildan rekord tanqidchi, 1964-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1977–1993[40].
  • Gerald Larner, musiqa tanqidchisi yordamchisi, 1962-5, Shimoliy musiqa tanqidchisi, 1965-1993.
  • Endryu Klements, 1993-yildan[41]
  • Tom xizmati, 1999-yildan 2003-yilgacha?

The Independent (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Bayan Northcott, 1986–2009[42].
  • Anthoni Payne, 1987–1997.
  • Edward Seckerson, bosh klassik musiqa va opera tanqidchisi, taxminan 2009–2012[43].

Los Angeles Daily News (AQSh)

  • Richard Ginell, 1978–1990.

Los Angeles Times (AQSh)

  • Albert Goldberg, 1947–1965
  • Martin Bernheimer, bosh musiqa va raqs tanqidchisi, 1965–1996[44].
  • Mark Swed, 1996-yildan beri klassik musiqa tanqidchisi[45].

The Morning Chronicle (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • William Ayrton . Faxriy musiqa va adabiyotshunos, 1816–1826[46].
  • George Hogarth, 1834-1844[47].
  • Charles Lewis Gruneisen, taxminan 1845-1853.

The Morning Post (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Howard Glover, 1849-1865. [48]
  • Henry Sutherland Edwards 1865-1869. [49]
  • William Alexander Barrett(1834-1891), 1869-1891.
  • Arthur Hervey, 1892-1908[24].
  • Frencis Toye, 1925-1937[50].
  • Scott Goddard, 1928-yil.
  • Robin Hull, musiqa tanqidchisi yordamchisi, 1934-1937[51].

Myunchner Neueste Nachrichten (Germaniya)

Neue Freie Presse (Avstriya)

Eduard Xanslik portreti, 40 yosh

Neues Wiener Tagblatt (Avstriya)

  • Richard Heuberger, 1881-1889.
  • Maks Kalbeck, 1886-1921.
  • Ernst Decsey, 1920-1938.

News Chronicle (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Scott Goddard, 1938-1955.
  • George Dannatt, 1944–1956. [52]

Yangi davlat arbobi (Buyuk Britaniya)

The New Yorker (AQSh)

  • Robert A. Simon, 1925–1948.
  • Winthrop Sargeant, 1949-1972.
  • Andrew Porter, 1972–1992.
  • Paul Griffiths, 1992-1996.
  • Alex Ross, 1996-yildan hozirgi kungacha.

New York Daily News (AQSh)

  • William Zakariasen, 1976-1993.

New York Herald Tribune (AQSh)

  • Richard Storrs Willis, taxminan 1840-1850-yillar ( New-York tribuni ).
  • Henry S Watson, 1863-1867? ( New-York tribuni ).
  • Gustav Kobbé, taxminan 1860-1880 yillar ( New-York Herald ).
  • Myron Cooney, 1865–1884 ( New-York Herald ).
  • John Roes Green Hassard, 1866–1883 ( New-York tribuni ).
  • Henry E Krehbiel, taxminan 1880–1923 ( New-York tribuni ). [56]
  • Lawrence Gilman, 1896–1898 ( New-York Herald ), 1923–1939 ( Herald Tribune ). [57]
  • Virjil Thomson, 1940-1954[58]
  • Gerbert Kupferberg, musiqa xodimlari yozuvchisi, 1942–1966.
  • Pol Lang, 1954-1963[59].
  • Alan Rich, 1963–1968.

New York Post (AQSh)

  • Henry T Finck, 1881-1924
  • Olga Samaroff, 1926-1928[60]
  • Oscar Thompson, 1928-1934[61]
  • Garriett Jonson, 1943–1971[62]

The New York Sun (AQSh)

  • James Huneker, 1890-1902-yillar.
  • William James Henderson, 1902-1920-yillar.
  • Oscar Thompson, 1937-1945[61].

The New York Times (AQSh)

Richard Aldrich, tax. 1918
  • Charles Bailey Seymour, 1849–1865
  • Frederick A. Schwab, 1875–1887.
  • William James Henderson, 1887–1902.
  • Richard Aldrich, 1902–1923[63]
  • Olin Downes, 1924–1955[64]
  • Howard Taubman, senarist 1930-yildan buyon, 1935 yildan buyon kompozitor , chief music critic 1955–1960.[65]
  • Harold C. Schonberg, staff writer from 1950, chief music critic, 1960–1980.[66]
  • Donal Henahan, staff writer from 1967, then chief music critic 1980–1991.[67]
  • Edward Rothstein, 1991–1995, then critic at large until 2014.[68]
  • Bernard Holland, staff writer from 1980, chief music critic from 1995 to 2000, then national music critic until 2008.[69]
  • Anthony Tommasini, staff writer from 1996, chief music critic from 2000 to December 2021.[70]
  • Zachary Woolfe, from April 2022.[71]

Nyu-York dunyosi (AQSh)

  • James Huneker (1919-1921)[72].
  • Deems Teylor deb hisoblaydi (1921–1927).

The Observer (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Edgar Frederik Jak, 1894 yildan.
  • Ernest Newman, 1919. [10]
  • Percy Scholes, 1920-1925.
  • AH Fox Strangways, 1925–1939. [73]
  • William Glock, 1934-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1939–1945 (lekin Qirollik havo kuchlarida ham xizmat qilgan)[74].
  • Erik Blom, 1949-1953[11].
  • Piter Hey, 1955-1987[75]
  • Nikolas Kenyon, 1986-1992[76]
  • Endryu Porter, 1992–1996.
  • Fiona Maddoks . 1997–2002[77]
  • Anthony Holden, 2002–2008.
  • Fiona Maddocks, 2010-yildan hozirgi kungacha[77][78].

Filadelfiya Inquirer (AQSh)

  • Daniel Webster, 1963-1999[79]
  • Devid Patrik Stearns, 2000-yildan[80]

Oddiy diler (AQSh)

  • Jeyms Xotchkiss Rojers, 1915-1932.
  • Gerbert Elvell, 1932-1964[81].
  • Robert Finn, 1964–1992[82].
  • Donald Resenberg, 1992–2008[83]
  • Zachary Lewis, 2008–2020[84]

San-Fransisko xronikasi (AQSh)

  • Alfred Frankenshtein, 1934-1964
  • Robert Commanday, 1964-1993[85]
  • Joshua Kosman, 1988-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, 1993-yildan beri bosh musiqa tanqidchisi.

San-Fransisko imtihonchisi (AQSh)

  • Michael Walesh, 1977-1981.
William Barcay Squire 1904-yilda

Shanba kuni sharhi (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • William Barclay Squire, 1888-1894[24].
  • Jon F Runsiman, 1894-1916[24].

Shotlandiya (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Conrad Wilson, 1963–1991[86]
  • Mary Miller, 1992-1998[87]
  • Stephenen Johnson, 1998–1999[88].

La Stampa (Italiya)

  • Andrea Della Corte, 1919-1967.

Yulduz (Buyuk Britaniya)

Sunday Express (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Ralph Hill, 1940-yillar[22].

The Sunday Telegraph (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • John Warrack, 1961-1972[90]
  • Malkolm Hayes, 1986–1989[91]
  • Maykl Kennedi, 1989-2005[30]

The Sunday Times (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Joseph Bennett, 1865-1870[49].
  • Hermann Klein, musiqa (ayniqsa, opera) tanqidchisi, 1881-1901.
  • Ernest Newman, 1920-1959[10].
  • Desmond Shawe-Teylor, 1958-1983[54].
  • Devid Kerns, 1983-1992[92].

Sydney Morning Herald (Avstraliya)

  • Roger Covell, 1960 - 1990-yillarning oxiri[93].

Der Tagesspiegel (Germaniya)

  • Hans Heinz Stuckenschmidit, 1947-? .
  • Albrecht Dümling, 1978–1998.

Le Temps (Fransiya)

  • Johannes Weber (1818-1902), 1861-1895. [94]
  • Pierre Lalo, 1898-1914.
  • Florent Schmitt, 1929-1939.
James William Davison - Dagerotipning qalam eskizi, c. 1857-yil

The Times (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Thomas Alsager, 1817-1845.
  • James William Davison, 1846-1879.
  • Frencis Hueffer, 1879-1889[95]
  • J.A.Fuller Maitland, 1889–1911[96].
  • HC Colles, musiqa tanqidchisi yordamchisi, keyin bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1911–1943[97].
  • AH Fox Strangways, Birinchi Jahon urushi paytida Kollesning o'rinbosari (faol xizmatda bo'lgan)[73]
  • Frank Howes, 1925 yildan xodim yozuvchi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1943–1960. [98]
  • William Mann, 1948-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi yordamchisi, bosh musiqa tanqidchisi, 1960–1982[99]
  • Pol Griffits, 1982-1992[100].
  • Richard Morrison, 1984-yildan musiqa tanqidchisi, 1992-yildan bosh musiqa tanqidchisi[101]

Toronto Star (Kanada)

  • Jon Terauds, 2005–2012.
  • William Littler (hozirgi). [102]

Yorkshire Post (Buyuk Britaniya)

  • Ernest Bredberi, 1947–1984[103]
  • Devid Denton, 2000-2020-yillar.
Anne Midget 2020-yilda

Washington Post (AQSh)

  • Paul Hume, musiqa muharriri, 1946–1982.
  • Joseph McLellan, 1970-yillarning o'rtalari - 1995 yil[104]
  • Tim Page, 1995–1999, 2001–2008[105]
  • Phlipp Kennicott, 1999–2001.
  • Anne Midgette, 2008–2019
  • Michael Andor Brodeur, 2000-yildan[106]

Yana qarang[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  • Musiqa tanqidi
  • Musiqa jurnalistikasi
  • The Musical Times

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

  1. ↑ Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians
  2. ↑ Bujić, Bojan (n.d.), "Criticism of Music" in The Oxford Companion to Music, Oxford Music Online.
  3. ↑ Josephson 1972–1973.
  4. ↑ Howes 1966.
  5. ↑ Mueser 1975.
  6. ↑ Horowtiz 2012.
  7. ↑ Davidsson & Heintz 1986.
  8. ↑ Theodore Baker (1919). Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians. G. Schirmer Inc.. pp. 13–14. 
  9. ↑ Who's who in music, Henry Saxe Wyndham, 1915
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Scaife, Nigel, "Newman, Ernest (1868–1959)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 Westrop, Jack. 'Blom, Eric (Walter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
  12. ↑ Midlands Classical Music Making
  13. ↑ Tommasini, Anthony. „Michael Steinberg, Music Critic, Teacher and Program Annotator, Is Dead at 80“. The New York Times (2009-yil 29-iyul). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 8-dekabr.
  14. ↑ Walsh, Colleen. „Life in wartime, etched in sound“. The Harvard Gazette (2017-yil 6-mart). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 8-dekabr.
  15. ↑ '40 years on the Chicago aisle', in The Chicago Tribune, 27 June 2018
  16. ↑ Toye, Francis. 'The Cinderella of Fleet Street', in Music & Letters, Vol. 5, No. 1 (January 1924), pp. 79-84
  17. ↑ Encyclopedia.com
  18. ↑ „Noël Goodwin“. The Times (2013-yil 3-aprel). Qaraldi: 2022-yil 8-aprel. Published in print on 8 April 2013, p. 49
  19. ↑ Kennedy, Michael; Kennedy, Joyce Bourne (2013) [2007]. "Noël Goodwin". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music (5th nashri). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920383-3. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095900127. 
  20. ↑ 20,0 20,1 "Obituary, 'Mr. Richard Capell', in The Times, 22 June 1954, p.10
  21. ↑ Obituary, The Musical Times Vol. 86, No. 1226 (April 1945), pp. 105–108
  22. ↑ 22,0 22,1 The Penguin Music Magazine (1946–1949) and Music (1950–1952), RIPM.org
  23. ↑ 23,0 23,1 'Music Critics and Criticism Today', in The Musical Times, Vol. 101, No. 1406, April 1960
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 24,6 24,7 Hughes 2002.
  25. ↑ "Joseph Bennett", The Musical Times, Vol. 51, No. 814, 1 December 1910, pp. 769–772
  26. ↑ 'Robin Humphrey Legge', obituary, The Times, 7 April, 1933, p. 18
  27. ↑ Byers, David. "Herbert Hughes – A Centenary Note", in: Soundpost 2 (March 1982) p. 6.
  28. ↑ Obituary, The Musical Times, Vol. 127, No. 1718 (May, 1986), p 291
  29. ↑ Norris, Geoffrey. 'Tribute to a critic with a true musician's understanding' in The Daily Telegraph, 7 December 1996
  30. ↑ 30,0 30,1 „Michael Kennedy – obituary“. The Daily Telegraph (2014-yil 31-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 24-avgust.
  31. ↑ Kennedy, ed (2013) [2007]. "Geoffrey Norris". The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920383-3. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100238880. Qaraldi: 7 September 2022. 
  32. ↑ „Ivan Hewett - Telegraph“. The Daily Telegraph. 2012-yil 18-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2013-yil 1-oktyabr.
  33. ↑ Margalit Fox. „Andrew Porter, New Yorker Classical Music Critic, Dies at 86“. The New York Times (2015-yil 31-mart). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 23-aprel.
  34. ↑ The Times obituary, 18 November 2005, p 69
  35. ↑ Blackwells
  36. ↑ Johnstone, Arthur. Musical Criticisms (1905), with a memoir by Henry Reece and Oliver Elton
  37. ↑ Obituary, The Manchester Guardian, 9 May 1927, p. 7 and p.9
  38. ↑ Anderson, Robert. 'Cardus, Sir (John Frederick) Neville' in Grove Music Online (2001)
  39. ↑ 'Colin Mason', Concise Oxford Dictionary of Music
  40. ↑ Williamson, Rosemary. 'Greenfield, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
  41. ↑ Andrew Clements, The Guardian
  42. ↑ Williamson, Rosemary. 'Northcott, Bayan (Peter)' in Grove Music Online (2001)
  43. ↑ Edward Seckerson, biography
  44. ↑ „Pulitzer Prize winner and former L.A. Times music critic Martin Bernheimer dies at 83“. Los Angeles Times (2019-yil 29-sentyabr). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 24-avgust.
  45. ↑ „Mark Swed“. Los Angeles Times. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 30-noyabr.
  46. ↑ Highfill, Philip and others. A Biographical Dictionary of Actors, Actresses, Musicians, Dancers, Managers & Other Stage Personnel in London, 1660–1800 (1973), p.187
  47. ↑ Hall-Witt, Jennifer. Fashionable Acts: Opera and Elite Culture in London, 1780-1880 (2007), p. 235
  48. ↑ Middleton, Louisa M. 'Glover, William Howard', in The Dictionary of National Biography
  49. ↑ 49,0 49,1 Zicari, Massimo. 'Music Journalism in London: The Late 1870s and 1880s', Ch. 18 of Verdi in Victorian London (2016)
  50. ↑ Colles, H.C. 'Toye, (John) Francis' in Grove Music Online (2001)
  51. ↑ Musical Times, September 1960, p. 547
  52. ↑ Obituary, The Guardian, 10 December, 2009
  53. ↑ 'W.J. Turner', Australian Dictionary of National Biography)
  54. ↑ 54,0 54,1 Obituary, The Independent, 22 October, 2011
  55. ↑ Sadie, Stanley. 'David Drew', in Grove Music Online (2001)
  56. ↑ Aldrich, Richard. 'Henry Edward Krehbiel', in Music & Letters, Vol. 4, No. 3 (Jul. 1923), pp. 266-268
  57. ↑ Obituary, The New York Times, 10 September, 1939
  58. ↑ Tommasini, Anthony. 'A Critic's Creed: Plug Yourself And Your Fellow Americans', in The New York Times, 21 August 1994
  59. ↑ Obituary, The Times, 8 October 1991, p. 18
  60. ↑ Reiko ISHII. The Pianistic Legacy of Olga Samaroff: Her Contributions to the Musical World (2014)
  61. ↑ 61,0 61,1 Ramona H. Matthews. 'Thompson, Oscar', in Grove Music Online (2001
  62. ↑ Obituary, The New York Times, 2 July 1987
  63. ↑ „Richard Aldrich Dies in Rome at 73; Times Music Critic Emeritus, Retired in 1924, Is Stricken on Visit to Brother“. The New York Times (1937-yil 3-iyun). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 24-avgust.
  64. ↑ Newsom, Jon. "Downes, Olin", Grove Music Online, Oxford Music Online, accessed 24 August 2021
  65. ↑ Severo, Richard. "Howard Taubman, 88, a Times Music Critic", The New York Times, 9 January 1996. Accessed 24 August 2021.
  66. ↑ Kozinn, Allan. „Harold C. Schonberg, 87, Dies; Won Pulitzer Prize as Music Critic for The Times“. The New York Times (2021-yil 24-avgust). Qaraldi: 2021-yil 20-may.
  67. ↑ [Music Department]. „Times Names a Chief Critic“. The New York Times (1991-yil 10-iyul).
  68. ↑ Morgan, Paula. 'Rothstein, Edward', in Grove Music Online (2001)
  69. ↑ Bernard Holland at topics.nytimes.com
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