Kompas: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
yangi |
(Farq yoʻq)
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5-Iyun 2012, 12:40 dagi koʻrinishi
Kompas (lot. com- — „ham-, birga“ va passus — „yoʻl“, „qadam“; „hamqadam“, „yoʻldosh“) navigatsiya asbobi boʻlib, yer sirtiga nisbatan tizimda yoʻnalishlarni aniqlaydi. Bu tizim toʻrt dunyo tomonlari — shimol, janub, gʻarb va sharqni belgilaydi. Baʼzan kompasda bu tomonlardan tashqari darajalar ham chizilgan boʻladi. Bunda shimol 0°, keyin soat yoʻnalishi boʻylab: sharq 180°, janub 180°, gʻarb esa 270° ga mos keladi. Ushbu darajalar azimutni koʻrsatishga xizmat qiladi.
Bir-biridan farqli ikki xil kompaslar mavjud: magnit kompas va girokompas. Magnit kompas mili Yer magnit maydoni bilan taʼsirlashib, geomagnit qutblarga mos tushishga harakat qiladi. Girokompas esa oʻz ichida Yer aylanishiga sezgir tez aylanuvchi gʻildirakni saqlaydi.
The magnetic compass was invented as a device for divination as early as the Chinese Han Dynasty,[1][2] and was used "in the search for gems and the selection of sites for houses."[3] The compass was used in Song Dynasty China by the military for navigational orienteering by 1040-1044,[4][5][6] and was used for maritime navigation by 1117.[7] The use of a compass is recorded in Western Europe between 1187 and 1202 [8][9][10] and in Persia in 1232.[11] The dry compass was invented in Europe around 1300.[12] This was supplanted in the early 20th century by the liquid-filled magnetic compass.[13]
- ↑ Merrill, Ronald T.; McElhinny, Michael W.. The Earth's magnetic field: Its history, origin and planetary perspective, 2nd printing, San Francisco: Academic press, 1983 — 1 bet. ISBN 0-12-491242-7.
- ↑ Li Shu-hua, p. 176
- ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedcambridge1 - ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBarbara M. Kreutz 367 - ↑ Needhamn, p. 252
- ↑ Li Shu-hua, p. 182f.
- ↑ Temple, Robert. The genius of China: 3,000 years of science, discovery & invention, 3rd, London: Andre Deutsch, 2007 — 162–166 bet. ISBN 978-0-233-00202-6.
- ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBarbara M. Kreutz 368 - ↑ Schmidl, Petra G. (1996–1997). "Two Early Arabic Sources On The Magnetic Compass". Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 1: 81–132 http://www.uib.no/jais/v001ht/01-081-132schmidl1.htm#_ftn4
- ↑ Lanza, Roberto; Meloni, Antonio. The earth's magnetism an introduction for geologists. Berlin: Springer, 2006 — 255 bet. ISBN 978-3-540-27979-2.
- ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedBarbara M. Kreutz 370 - ↑ Lane, p. 615
- ↑ Manba xatosi: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedW. H. Creak 238-239