Teobroma: Versiyalar orasidagi farq
„Theobroma“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi Teglar: T144167 [tarjimon] [tarjimon 2] |
(Farq yoʻq)
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9-Aprel 2023, 08:33 dagi koʻrinishi
Theobroma | |
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Theobroma cacao mevasi | |
Ilmiy tasniflash | |
O‘simliklar | |
Yuksak oʻsimliklar | |
Gulli oʻsimliklar | |
Ikki urugʻpallalilar | |
Rosids | |
Malvales | |
Gulxayridoshlar | |
Byttnerioideae | |
Theobromateae | |
Theobroma L.[1] | |
Mashhur turi | |
Theobroma cacao | |
Sinonimlar | |
Teobroma - Gulxayridoshlar oilasiga mansub gulli o'simliklar turkumi. Uning tarkibiga Markaziy va Janubiy Amerikaning tropik o'rmonlariga xos bo'lgan 20 ga yaqin kichik daraxtlar kiradi[2].
Theobroma kakao, bu turkumning eng mashhur turi bo‘lib, mevasi shokolad tayyorlash uchun ishlatiladi. Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) va Mocambo (Theobroma bicolor) ham iqtisodiy ahamiyatga ega.
Taksonomiya
Nom yunoncha theos "xudo"[3], broma "oziq-ovqat" degan ma'noni anglatadi[4] va "xudolarning taomi" deb tarjima qilinadi[5].
Turlari
Rasm | Ilmiy ism | Tarqatish |
---|---|---|
Theobroma angustifolium DC. | Kosta-Rika, Meksika, Nikaragua, Panama | |
Theobroma bernoullii Pittier | Panama. | |
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Theobroma bicolor Bonpl. – mokambo | Shimoliy Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Peru, Venesuela |
Theobroma cacao L. – kakao | Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Ekvador, Fransiya Gvianasi, Gayana, Peru, Surinam, Venesuela | |
Theobroma canumanense Pires & Fróes ex Cuatrec. | Braziliya | |
Theobroma cirmolinae Cuatrec. | Kolumbiya | |
Theobroma gileri Cuatrec. | Kolumbiya, Ekvador | |
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Theobroma glaucum H.Karst. | Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Ekvador, Peru |
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Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum. (Willd. ex Spreng.) K.Schum. – kubok | Boliviya, Braziliya, Gayana, Gonduras, Venesuela |
Theobroma hylaeum Cuatrec. | Kolumbiya, Panama | |
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Theobroma mammosum Cuatrec. & J.León | Kosta-Rika, Nikaragua |
Theobroma microcarpum Mart. | Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Venesuela | |
Theobroma nemorale Cuatrec. | Kolumbiya | |
Theobroma obovatum Klotzsch ex Bernoulli | Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Gayana, Peru, Venesuela | |
Theobroma simiarum Donn.Sm. | Kolumbiya, Kosta-Rika, Ekvador, Nikaragua, Panama | |
Theobroma sinuosum Pav. ex Huber | Braziliya, Peru | |
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Theobroma speciosum Willd. ex Spreng. – kakau | Boliviya, Braziliya, Peru, Venesuela |
Theobroma subincanum Mart. | Boliviya, Braziliya, Kolumbiya, Ekvador, Frantsiya Gvianasi, Gayana, Surinam, Venesuela | |
Theobroma sylvestre Aubl. ex Mart. | Braziliya. | |
Theobroma velutinum Benoist | Braziliya, Frantsiya Gvianasi, Surinam |
Ilgari bu turkumga kirgan
- Abroma augustum (L.) Lf ( T. augustum L. kabi. )
- Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. ( T. Guazuma L. )
- Herrania albiflora Goudot ( T. albiflorum (Goudo) De Wild kabi. )
- Herrania mariae (mart. ) Decne. sobiq Gudo ( T. mariae kabi (mart. ) K. Shum. )
- Herrania purpurea (Pittier) RE Schult. ( T. purpureum Pittier kabi) [6]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Theobroma_fruits.jpg/350px-Theobroma_fruits.jpg)
Foydalanish
Teobromaning bir nechta turlari hosil qiladigan mevadan kakao tayyorlanadi.
Theobroma turlari, E. chalybeatus, E. damor, E. hosei va E. sericeus kabi Endoclita turkumining ba'zi kuyalarining lichinkalari tomonidan oziq-ovqat o'simliklari sifatida ishlatiladi. Boshqa bir kuya, Hypercompe muzina lichinkalari faqat Theobroma kakao bilan oziqlanadi.
Kakaoning faol moddasi teobrominning nomi turkumdan olingan.
Ma'lumotnomalar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Genus: Theobroma L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 5 Jun 2003. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
- ↑ Genovese, Maria Inés; Barros, Helena Rudge de Moraes (2017), Mérillon, Jean-Michel; Ramawat, K.G. (muh.), „Theobroma cacao and Theobroma grandiflorum: Bioactive Compounds and Associated Health Benefits“, Bioactive Molecules in Food (inglizcha), Cham: Springer International Publishing, 1–22-bet, doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54528-8_15-1, ISBN 978-3-319-54528-8, qaraldi: 2023-03-21
- ↑ Liddell. „θεός“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).
- ↑ Liddell. „ἀ“. A Greek-English Lexicon. Perseus Digital Library (1940).
- ↑ „Theobroma - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics“. www.sciencedirect.com. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 21-mart.
- ↑ „GRIN Species Records of Theobroma“. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Qaraldi: 2010-yil 9-dekabr.