Pomelo: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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26-Oktyabr 2022, 15:24 dagi koʻrinishi

Pomelo ( /ˈpɒmɪloʊ, ˈpʌm-/ POM-il-oh, PUM- ),^[1] Citrus maxima, Rutaceae oilasiga mansub eng katta sitrus mevaga ega greypfrutning asosiy ajdodi^[2]. Bu tabiiy sitrus mevasi bo'lib, vatani Janubi- Sharqiy Osiyoda^[2]. Greypfrutga o'xshash shirin ta'mga ega, pomelo odatda Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoda tantanali marosimlarda iste'mol qilinadi. Greypfrutda bo'lgani kabi, pomelo tarkibidagi fitokimyoviy moddalar dorilar bilan o'zaro ta'sirlashish xususiyatiga ega.

Etimologiya va umumiy nomlar

Oksford inglizcha lug'atiga ko'ra, "pomelo" so'zining etimologiyasi noaniq. Gollandiya tilidagi pompelmolardan olingan bo'lishi mumkin^[2]. Uning binar nomi, Citrus maxima, "eng katta sitrus" degan ma'noni anglatadi.

Meva Gavayida jabong, Janubiy Osiyoda so'zlashadigan ingliz tilida jambola sifatida ham tanilgan^[2]. Nepalda u "bhogate" nomi bilan ataladi^[3].

Tavsif va foydalanish

Pomelo daraxtining bo'yi 5–15 meter (16–50 feet) ga yetadi^[2]. Barglari aniq qanotli, muqobil, tuxumsimon yoki elliptik shaklga ega, uzunligi 5–20 cm (2–8 in)^[2]. Gullar - bitta yoki to'da bo'lib joylashgan. Hidi xushbo'y va gullari sariq-oq rangga ega^[2].

Mevasi katta, diametri 15–25 cm (6–10 in)^[4]. Uning qobig'i greypfrutga qaraganda qalinroq^[2] va 11-18 bo'laklarga bo'lingan. Eti yumshoq greypfrutning ta'miga o'xshaydi, uning umumiy achchiqligi kam (greypfrut pomelo va apelsinning gibrididir)^[2]^[5]. Bo'laklar atrofidagi membranalar achchiq bo'lib, yeb bo'lmaydi va odatda tashlab yuboriladi^[2]. Kamida oltmishta navi mavjud^[6]. Meva odatda bir nechta, katta urug'larni o'z ichiga oladi, lekin ba'zi navlarda ko'p urug'lar mavjud^[2].

Sharbati mazali deb hisoblanadi. Qobig'i konserva va qand uchun ishlatiladi^[2]. Braziliyada qalin po'stlog'idan shirin konserva tayyorlash uchun foydalanish mumkin. Shri-Lankada u ko'pincha shirinlik sifatida iste'mol qilinadi, ba'zida shakar sepiladi. Pomelo vatani bo'lgan Janubi-Sharqiy Osiyoning katta qismlarida bu oddiy desert bo'lib, ko'pincha tuz aralashmasiga sepiladi yoki unga botiriladi. Undan tayyorlangan salatlar iste'mol qilinadi^[2]. Filippinda pomelo va ananas sharbatidan pushti ichimlik tayyorlanadi^[7].

Meva Xitoyga miloddan avvalgi 100-yillarda kiritilgan bo'lishi mumkin^[2]. Sharqiy Osiyoda, ayniqsa kanton oshxonasida, qovurilgan pomelo o'ti ozuqaviy qiymati yuqori va yog'i kam bo'lgan taomlarni tayyorlash uchun ishlatiladi^[8].

Gibridlar

Oddiy apelsin pomelo va mandarin o'rtasidagi tabiiy gibrid bo'lib, pomelo mevaning kattaroq hajmi va mustahkamligini ta'minlaydi. Greypfrut dastlab pomelo va mandarinning tabiiy gibrididir deb taxmin qilingan. Ammo, ko'proq vaqt o'tgach o'tkazilgan genom tahlili shuni ko'rsatadiki, u aslida pomelo va shirin apelsin o'rtasidagi teskari gibriddir, shuning uchun greyfurt genomining 63% pomeloniki bilan bir xil^[9].

Pomelo bugungi kunda sun'iy naslchilik dasturlarida qo'llaniladi:

Oddiy shirin apelsin (Citrus × sinensis) pomelo × mandarin gibrididir
Bigaradiya (Citrus × aurantium) pomelo × mandarin gibrididir.
Tangelo pomelo yoki greyfurt va har mandarin o'rtasidagi gibriddir; odatda mandaringa qaraganda qalinroq teriga ega va unchalik shirin emas
- "K – Erta" ("Sunrise Tangelo") ^[10]
- " Minneola tangelo ": Bowen greyfurt × Dansi mandarin ^[10]
- "Orlando" (sobiq "Take"): Bowen greyfurt × Dansi mandarin (polen ota-onasi) ^[10]
- "Seminole" : Bowen greyfurt × Dansi mandarin ^[10]
- "Thornton" : mandarin × greyfurt, aniqlanmagan ^[10]
- " Ugli meva " (Yamayka tangelo): mandarin × greyfurt, ehtimol (yovvoyi ko'chat) ^[10]
Greypfrut
Taqiqlangan meva
"Nova" : Klementin × Orlando tangelo xochi^[10]
Oroblanco va Melogold greyfurtlari Citrus maxima va greyfurt o'rtasidagi gibriddir.
Mandelos : pomelo × mandarin
Mato buntan: Tayvanda xilma-xillik^[11]
Hyuganatsu pomelo gibridi
Kawachi Bankan

Tarkibi

Xom pomelo etida 89% suv, 10% uglevodlar, 1% protein va kam miqdorda yog' mavjud. Meva S vitaminiga boy ( kunlik qiymatning 73%).

Dori vositalarining o'zaro ta'siri

Pomelo greyfurt va boshqa ba'zi sitrus mevalaridan kelib chiqadigan salbiy ta'sirlarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin^[12].

Galereya

Ushbu oq nav Pomelo qalin mezokarp qatlami bilan qoplangan
Pomelo
Pomelo kesilganidan keyin
Pushti pomelo
Pomelo guli
Daraxtdagi pomelo
Fujianning Pinghe okrugi Xitoyda pomelolari bilan mashhur
Pomelo bog'i
Pushti pomelo
Pomelo ko'chati
Pomelo petiole yaqindan
Pomelo Singapurning Chinatown shahrida sotiladi
Tam som-o nam pu : Tailand pomelo salatasi
Pomelo ichidagi meva sharbati pufakchalarini o'z ichiga olgan katta bo'laklar

↑ „pomelo“,The Chambers Dictionary, 9th, Chambers, 2003. ISBN 0-550-10105-5.
↑ ^2,00 ^2,01 ^2,02 ^2,03 ^2,04 ^2,05 ^2,06 ^2,07 ^2,08 ^2,09 ^2,10 ^2,11 ^2,12 ^2,13 Morton. „Pummelo: Citrus maxima“. Fruits of warm climates 147–151. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 31-yanvar. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "morton1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ „The Joys of Bhogate Sadheko“ (en). ECS NEPAL. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 13-may.
↑ „Pomelo: Growing the granddaddy of grapefruit“, SFGate.com, December 25, 2004
↑ Morton. „Grapefruit: Citrus paradisi“. Fruits of warm climates 152–158. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 31-yanvar.
↑ Pomelos, grapefruit's sweeter and mellower relative, have a wealth of flavor, by Jeanne Kelley, in the Los Angeles Times; published February 12, 2016; retrieved November 19, 2021 (via archive.org)
↑ Hargreaves, Dorothy. Tropical Trees of the Pacific. Kailua, Hawaii: Hargreaves, 1970 — 51 bet.
↑ „Braised pomelo pith“. Week in China (2017-yil 8-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 22-avgust.
↑ „Grapefruit: History, Use, and Breeding in: HortTechnology Volume 31 Issue 3 (2021)“. Journals.ashs.org. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 1-may.
↑ ^10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 ^10,3 ^10,4 ^10,5 ^10,6 Morton, Julia F. „Tangelo“,. Fruits of warm climates.. Miami, FL.: Julia F. Morton, 1987 — 158–160 bet. ISBN 0-9610184-1-0.
↑ „Mato buntan“. University of California - Riverside, Citrus Variety Collection. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 12-mart.
↑ Bailey, D. G.; Dresser, G.; Arnold, J. M. O. (2012-11-26). "Grapefruit-medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?". Canadian Medical Association Journal 185 (4): 309–316. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120951. ISSN 0820-3946. PMID 23184849. PMC 3589309. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3589309.

[1] „pomelo“,The Chambers Dictionary, 9th, Chambers, 2003. ISBN 0-550-10105-5.

[morton1-2] 2,00 ^2,01 ^2,02 ^2,03 ^2,04 ^2,05 ^2,06 ^2,07 ^2,08 ^2,09 ^2,10 ^2,11 ^2,12 ^2,13 Morton. „Pummelo: Citrus maxima“. Fruits of warm climates 147–151. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 31-yanvar. Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "morton1" defined multiple times with different content

[3] „The Joys of Bhogate Sadheko“ (en). ECS NEPAL. Qaraldi: 2021-yil 13-may.

[4] „Pomelo: Growing the granddaddy of grapefruit“, SFGate.com, December 25, 2004

[morton2-5] Morton. „Grapefruit: Citrus paradisi“. Fruits of warm climates 152–158. NewCROP, New Crop Resource Online Program, Center for New Crops and Plant Products, Purdue University (1987). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 31-yanvar.

[Jeanne_Kelley-6] Pomelos, grapefruit's sweeter and mellower relative, have a wealth of flavor, by Jeanne Kelley, in the Los Angeles Times; published February 12, 2016; retrieved November 19, 2021 (via archive.org)

[7] Hargreaves, Dorothy. Tropical Trees of the Pacific. Kailua, Hawaii: Hargreaves, 1970 — 51 bet.

[8] „Braised pomelo pith“. Week in China (2017-yil 8-dekabr). Qaraldi: 2020-yil 22-avgust.

[9] „Grapefruit: History, Use, and Breeding in: HortTechnology Volume 31 Issue 3 (2021)“. Journals.ashs.org. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 1-may.

[morton-10] 10,0 ^10,1 ^10,2 ^10,3 ^10,4 ^10,5 ^10,6 Morton, Julia F. „Tangelo“,. Fruits of warm climates.. Miami, FL.: Julia F. Morton, 1987 — 158–160 bet. ISBN 0-9610184-1-0.

[11] „Mato buntan“. University of California - Riverside, Citrus Variety Collection. Qaraldi: 2022-yil 12-mart.

[Bailey-12] Bailey, D. G.; Dresser, G.; Arnold, J. M. O. (2012-11-26). "Grapefruit-medication interactions: Forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences?". Canadian Medical Association Journal 185 (4): 309–316. doi:10.1503/cmaj.120951. ISSN 0820-3946. PMID 23184849. PMC 3589309. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3589309.

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