PET-MRI: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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16-Iyun 2022, 14:09 dagi koʻrinishi

Pozitron-emissiya tomografiyasi-magnit-rezonans tomografiya ( PET-MRI ) gibrid ko'rish texnologiyasi bo'lib, unda magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRI) yumshoq to'qimalarning morfologik tasviri va pozitron-emissiya tomografiyasi (PET) funktsional tasvirini o'z ichiga oladi. [1]

PET va MRI kombinatsiyasi R. Raylman tomonidan 1991 yilda doktorlik dissertatsiyasida tilga olingan. [2] Bir vaqtning o'zida PET/MR ni aniqlash birinchi marta 1997 yilda namoyish etilgan, ammo klinik tizimlarning savdoga kirishi uchun yana 13 yil va yangi detektor texnologiyalari kerak bo'ldi. [3]

Talablar

Hozirgi vaqtda PET-MRIning asosiy klinik sohalari onkologiya, [4] [5] [6] kardiologiya, [7] nevrologiya, [8] [9] va nevrologik ilmiy tekshirishklar hisoblanadi . [10] Hozirgi vaqtda yangi PET-MRI diagnostika usulining afzalliklarini tushunish uchun tadqiqot ishlari faol olib borilmoqda. Texnologiya MRI tomonidan taqdim etilgan to'qimalarning ajoyib strukturaviy va funktsional tavsifini metabolizmning PET tasvirining o'ta sezgirligi va noyob etiketli hujayra turlari yoki hujayra retseptorlarini kuzatish bilan birlashtiradi.

Ishlab chiqaruvchilar

Bir nechta kompaniyalar klinik va klinikadan oldingi kombinatsiyalangan PET-MR tizimini taklif qiladilar, klinik tizimlar Philips, Siemens, GE kompaniyalaridan mavjud. Ikki texnologiyani birlashtirishga turlicha yondashuvlar mavjud. Ba'zi dizaynlar asosan alohida mashinalar bo'lib, bitta xonada, bemorni bir skanerdan boshqasiga o'tkazishi mumkin bo'lgan yotoq bilan. [11] [12] To'liq integratsiyalashgan tizimlarga erishish texnik jihatdan eng qiyin, ammo bir vaqtning o'zida aniq moslashtirilgan xaridlarni amalga oshirish qobiliyati nuqtai nazaridan eng katta foyda keltiradi. [13] [14]

Klinik tizimlar

Birinchi ikkita klinik butun tana PET-MRI tizimi Philips tomonidan 2010 yilda Qo'shma Shtatlardagi Mount Sinay tibbiyot markazida va Shveytsariyadagi Jeneva universiteti kasalxonasida o'rnatildi. Tizimda aylanma yotoq bilan ajratilgan PET va MRI skanerlari mavjud edi. [15] [16]

Siemens bir vaqtning o'zida PET/MR sotib olishni taklif qilgan birinchi kompaniya bo'lib, birinchi tizimlar 2010 yilda ko'chki fotodiod detektorlari asosida o'rnatilgan. [17] [3]

Hozirgi vaqtda Siemens va GE to'liq integratsiyalashgan butun tanani va bir vaqtning o'zida PET-MRI tizimini taklif qiladigan yagona kompaniyalardir. Siemens tizimi (Biograph mMR) 2011 yilda mijoz sotib olish uchun CE belgisi [18] va FDA ma'qullashini [19] oldi.

GE tizimi (SIGNA PET/MR) 2014 yilda 510K va Idoralar belgisini oldi. 

Preklinik tizimlar

Hozirgi vaqtda gibrid tomografiya usuli sifatida pozitron emissiya tomografiyasi (PET) va magnit-rezonans tomografiya (MRI) kombinatsiyasi nafaqat uning paydo bo'layotgan klinik qo'llanilishida, balki preklinik sohada ham katta e'tiborga ega. So'nggi yillarda PET detektorlarining bir nechta turlariga asoslangan bir nechta dizaynlar ishlab chiqilgan bo'lib, ulardan ba'zilari birinchi preklinik tadqiqotlar uchun ishlatilgan. [20] [21] [22]

PET-KT bilan taqqoslash

PETni rentgen kompyuter tomografiyasi (KT) bilan kombinatsiyasi PET tasvirlashning eng keng tarqalgan texnologiyasidir. PET-KT va PET-MR bilan ham maqsadli afzallik PET tomonidan taqdim etilgan funktsional tasvirni KT yoki MRIdan olingan strukturaviy ( anatomik ) ma'lumotlar bilan birlashtirishdir. Turli xil skanerlash seanslarida to'plangan turli xil usullardagi tasvirlar tasvirni ro'yxatga olish orqali qoplanishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, bir vaqtning o'zida olish tasvirlarni yaxshiroq moslashtirish va to'g'ridan-to'g'ri korrelyatsiyani ta'minlaydi. Tasvirlash usullarini bitta skanerlash seansida birlashtirish, shuningdek, nurlanish sonini kamaytirish va shuning uchun bemorning qulayligini yaxshilash afzalligiga ega. [23] [24]

Mustaqil KT yoki MR ko'rish o'rtasidagi tanlovga ta'sir ko'rsatadigan xuddi shunday klinik qarorlar, shuningdek, PET-KT yoki PET-MR afzal bo'ladigan joylarni ham aniqlaydi. [13] Misol uchun, MRI ning KT bilan solishtirganda afzalliklaridan biri uning yumshoq to'qimalarning yuqori kontrasti, KT esa MRIga qaraganda tezroq bo'lishining afzalligi.

PET-CT ga nisbatan PET-MR ning aniq afzalligi - olingan past umumiy ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish dozasi . Tanadagi PET-KT ilovalari uchun tekshiruvning KT qismi nurlanish dozasining taxminan 60-80% ni tashkil qiladi, qolgan nurlanish dozasi esa PET radiofarmatsevtikasidan kelib chiqadi. [25] Aksincha, MRIdan ionlashtiruvchi nurlanish dozasi olinmaydi. Shuning uchun PET-MR bolalarda, ayniqsa onkologiya yoki surunkali yallig'lanish sharoitida qo'llaniladigan ketma-ket kuzatuv tekshiruvlari uchun jozibador. [26]

Ma'lumotnomalar

Andoza:Medical imaging

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