Koprolaliya: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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„Coprolalia“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi
(Farq yoʻq)

14-Iyun 2022, 19:23 dagi koʻrinishi

Koprolaliya — bu beixtiyor so‘kinish,behayo yoki ijtimoiy jihatdan noo‘rin va kamsituvchi so‘zlarni beixtiyor aytish. Koprolaliya so`zi yunoncha κόπρος ( kópros ), "go'ng, najas " va λαλιά ( laliā́ ) "nutq", degan ma'noni anglatadi . [1]

Koprolaliya tik buzilishlarining ayniqsa, Tourette sindromining tasodifiy xususiyati hisoblanadi, ammo bu sindrom tashxisi uchun talab qilinmaydi va Tourette bilan kasallangan bemorlarning atigi 10 foizida koprolaliya namoyon bo'ladi. [2] Koprolaliya tik buzilishlariga xos emas; u ham boshqa nevrologik kasalliklarning kam uchraydigan alomatidir.

Koprolaliya - koprofenomenlarning bir turi. Boshqa koprofenomenlarga kopropraksiyaning tegishli belgilari, behayo yoki taqiqlangan imo-ishoralarni bajarish kabi beixtiyor harakatlar [3] va koprografiya, odobsiz yozuvlar yoki chizmalar yaratish kiradi. [4]

Xususiyatlari

Koprolaliya madaniy jihatdan tabu bo'lgan, maqbul ijtimoiy foydalanish uchun umuman yaroqsiz bo'lgan so'z va iboralarni o'z ichiga oladi. Bu atama ma``lum bir holatga oid so`kinishni tasvirlash uchun ishlatilmaydi. Bu odatda ijtimoiy yoki hissiy kontekstdan tashqarida ifodalanadi va odatdagi suhbatdan ko'ra boshqacha ohangda yoki balandlikda aytilishi mumkin. Bu bitta so'z yoki murakkab iboralar bo'ladi. Koprolaliya bilan og'rigan odam so'zni baland ovozda aytishdan ko'ra, uni aqliy ravishda takrorlaydi; bunday subvokalizatsiyalar juda achinarli bo'lishi mumkin. [5]

Koprolaliya Tourette sindromining tasodifiy xususiyatlari hisoblanadi, ammo bu Tourette tashxisini qo`yish uchun talab qilinmagan. Tourette sindromida majburiy so'kinish ushbu iboralarni aytayotgan odam tomonidan istalmagan va nazoratsiz bo'lishi, ayniqsa, beixtiyor irqiy yoki etnik haqorat qilish kabi portlashlar noqulay vaziyatga olib kelishi mumkin. Koprolaliya bilan og'rigan odam tomonidan aytilgan iboralar bemorning fikrlariga yoki o`ylariga aloqasi yo`q. [5]

Kar Tourette bemorlarning imo- ishora tilida so'kinish holatlari tasvirlangan. [6] [7]

Koprolaliya tik buzilishlariga xos emas; u ham boshqa nevrologik kasalliklarning kam uchraydigan alomatidir. [8] [9] Bu miya jarohatlaridan keyin insult [9] va ensefalit kabi paydo bo'lishi ; [9] [10] boshqa nevrologik sharoitlarda koreoakantotsitoz, [11] duduqlanishlar [12] va Lesch-Nyhan sindromi kabi ; [13] va kamdan-kam hollarda tik ishtiroki bo`lmagan demantia yoki obsessiv-kompulsiv buzulish bilan og'rigan odamlarda paydo bo`lishi mumkin . [9]

Tourette sindromining tarqalishi

Tourette bilan kasallangan odamlarning atigi 10 foizida koprolaliya sindromi mavjud [2], lekin u boshqa alomatlarga qaraganda ko'proq e'tiborni jalb qiladi. [14]


Klinik namunalardan olingan Taurette sindromi bo'lgan 3500 kishidan iborat xalqaro, ko'p saytli ma'lumotlar bazasida Tourette bilan birga keladigan kasalliklar bilan kasallangan bemorlarning 14 foizida koprolaliya, asoratlanmagan ("sof") Tourette bilan kasallanganlarning atigi 6 foizida koprolaliya borligi aniqlangan. Xuddi shu tadqiqot koprolaliya bilan kasallanish ehtimoli komorbidli holatlar soni bilan chiziqli ravishda oshishini ko'rsatdi: to'rt yoki beshta (tiklar ham qo`shilganda)boshqa kasallikka chalingan bemorlarda koprolaliya faqat Tourette kasalligiga chalinganlarga qaraganda 4-6 baravar ko'proq bo'lgan. [15]

Umumiy pediatriya amaliyotining bir tadqiqotida Tourette sindromi bo'lgan bolalarda 8% koprolaliya darajasi aniqlangan bo'lsa, boshqa tadqiqotda uchinchi darajali yo'naltiruvchi markazda (odatda og'irroq holatlar yuborilgan) 60% aniqlangan. [16] Tourette sindromi bilan og'rigan 44 nafar bemorning yaqinda Braziliyada o'tkazilgan tadqiqotida koprolaliyaning 14% darajasi aniqlangan; [17] Kosta-Rikada 85 ta shaxsni o'rganish natijasida 20% koprolaliya borligi aniqlandi; [18] Chilida 70 nafar bemorni oʻrganishda koprolaliyaning 8,5% darajasi aniqlangan; [19] Yaponiyada o'tkazilgan eski tadqiqotlarda koprolaliya bilan kasallanish 4% ni tashkil qilgan; [20] va Braziliyada o'tkazilgan hali ham eski klinik tadqiqot 32 bemorning 28 foizida koprolaliya borligini aniqladi. [21] Ushbu hisobotlarning barchasiga ta'sir qiluvchi uslubiy muammolarni hisobga olgan holda, Tourette sindromi assotsiatsiyasining konsensusiga ko'ra, haqiqiy raqam 15 foizdan past.

Boshqaruv

Ba'zi bemorlar botulinum toksinini (botoks) vokal kordlari orqali davolangan. Bu vokalizatsiyaga to'sqinlik qilmaydi, ammo natijada yuzaga keladigan yarim falajlik har qanday portlashlarni nazorat qilishga yordam beradi. [22] [23] [24] Botoks in'ektsiyalari tiklarni umumiy yengillashtirishga olib keladi. [25]

Jamiyat va madaniyat

Ko'ngilochar industriya ko'pincha Tourette sindromi bo'lganlarni ijtimoiy omadsizlar va ularning yagona tiklari koprolaliya deya noto'g'ri tasvirlaydi, bu Tourette sindromi bo`lgan odamlarning jamoatchilik tomonidan noto'g'ri tushunilishiga olib keladi. [26] [27] [28] Shuningdek tourettening koprolalik simptomlari mavzusi radio hamda televidenie tok-shoulari uchun "ozuqa" hisoblanadi.

Ma'lumotnomalar

  1. ↑ Coprolalia. Dictionary.com, Accessed 30 October 2006.
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Singer HS (March 2005). "Tourette's syndrome: from behaviour to biology". Lancet Neurol 4 (3): 149–59. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(05)01012-4. PMID 15721825.  Manba xatosi: Invalid <ref> tag; name "SingerBehavior" defined multiple times with different content
  3. ↑ Schapiro NA (2002). "'Dude, you don't have Tourette's:' Tourette's syndrome, beyond the tics". Pediatr Nurs 28 (3): 243–6, 249–53. PMID 12087644. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/442029. 
  4. ↑ „Linguistics 210 Semantics“. Semantic features and Tourette's Syndrome. Qaraldi: 2006-yil 21-noyabr. While this source defines coprographia, it makes misrepresentations about copro phenomena in relation to Tourette's: they are not common, and not required for diagnosis.
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Tourette Association of America. Understanding Coprolalia – A misunderstood symptom. Accessed 12 October 2021.
  6. ↑ "Sign language tics in a prelingually deaf man". Mov. Disord. 15 (2): 318–20. March 2000. doi:10.1002/1531-8257(200003)15:2<318::AID-MDS1018>3.0.CO;2-H. PMID 10752584. 
  7. ↑ "Gilles de la Tourette syndrome in a child with congenital deafness". Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 10 (4): 256–9. December 2001. doi:10.1007/s007870170015. PMID 11794551. 
  8. ↑ Singer C (May 1997). "Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena". Neurol Clin 15 (2): 299–308. doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5. PMID 9115463. 
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 "Coprophenomena in Tourette syndrome". Dev Med Child Neurol 51 (3): 218–27. March 2009. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.2008.03135.x. PMID 19183216. 
  10. ↑ "Contemporary encephalitis lethargica presenting with agitated catatonia, stereotypy, and dystonia-parkinsonism". Mov. Disord. 22 (15): 2281–4. November 2007. doi:10.1002/mds.21664. PMID 17914719. 
  11. ↑ "Choreoacanthocytosis in a Mexican family". Arch. Neurol. 64 (11): 1661–4. November 2007. doi:10.1001/archneur.64.11.1661. PMID 17998451. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/794754. 
  12. ↑ "Intractable seizures, compulsions, and coprolalia: a pediatric case study". J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 4 (3): 315–9. 1992. doi:10.1176/jnp.4.3.315. PMID 1498584. 
  13. ↑ Jinnah HA. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome. eMedicine.com (August 29, 2006). Accessed 28 October 2006.
  14. ↑ Tourette Syndrome FAQ. Tourette Syndrome Association. Accessed 6 October 2006.
  15. ↑ "An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries". Dev Med Child Neurol 42 (7): 436–47. July 2000. doi:10.1017/S0012162200000839. PMID 10972415. 
  16. ↑ Singer C (May 1997). "Tourette syndrome. Coprolalia and other coprophenomena". Neurol Clin 15 (2): 299–308. doi:10.1016/s0733-8619(05)70314-5. PMID 9115463. 
  17. ↑ "Tics and Tourette syndrome: clinical evaluation of 44 cases". Arq Neuropsiquiatr 59 (3–B): 725–8. September 2001. doi:10.1590/S0004-282X2001000500014. PMID 11593273. 
  18. ↑ "Cultural influences on diagnosis and perception of Tourette syndrome in Costa Rica". J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40 (4): 456–63. April 2001. doi:10.1097/00004583-200104000-00015. PMID 11314572. 
  19. ↑ Miranda C, Marcelo; Menéndez H, Pedro; David G, Perla; Troncoso Sch, Mónica; Hernández Ch, Marta; Chaná C, Pedro (1999). "Enfermedad de los tics (síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette): Características clínicas de 70 pacientes [Tics disease (Gilles de la Tourette syndrome): clinical characteristics of 70 patients]" (es). Revista Médica de Chile 127 (12): 1480–6. doi:10.4067/S0034-98871999001200010. PMID 10835756. 
  20. ↑ "Tourette syndrome in Japan: a nationwide questionnaire survey of psychiatrists and pediatricians". Psychiatry Clin. Neurosci. 52 (4): 407–11. August 1998. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1819.1998.00412.x. PMID 9766689. 
  21. ↑ "A Brazilian cohort of patients with Tourette's syndrome". J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 60 (2): 209–12. February 1996. doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.2.209. PMID 8708658. PMC 1073809. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1073809. 
  22. ↑ "Botulinum toxin injection into vocal cord in the treatment of malignant coprolalia associated with Tourette's syndrome". Mov. Disord. 11 (4): 431–3. July 1996. doi:10.1002/mds.870110413. PMID 8813224. 
  23. ↑ Jankovic J (May 1994). "Botulinum toxin in the treatment of dystonic tics". Mov. Disord. 9 (3): 347–9. doi:10.1002/mds.870090315. PMID 8041378. 
  24. ↑ "Botulinum toxin in the treatment of tics". Arch. Neurol. 57 (8): 1190–3. August 2000. doi:10.1001/archneur.57.8.1190. PMID 10927800. 
  25. ↑ "Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome and its impact in the UK". Postgrad Med J 81 (951): 12–9. January 2005. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2004.023614. PMID 15640424. PMC 1743178. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1743178. 
  26. ↑ "Tourette syndrome in film and television". The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences 41 (2): 226–32. March 2014. doi:10.1017/S0317167100016620. PMID 24534035. 
  27. ↑ "Public perception of Tourette syndrome on YouTube". Journal of Child Neurology 27 (8): 1011–16. 2012. doi:10.1177/0883073811432294. PMID 22821136. 
  28. ↑ Holtgren B. Truth about Tourette's not what you think. The Cincinnati Enquirer (2006-yil 11-yanvar). „As medical problems go, Tourette's is, except in the most severe cases, about the most minor imaginable thing to have. ... the freak-show image, unfortunately, still prevails overwhelmingly. The blame for the warped perceptions lies overwhelmingly with the video media—the Internet, movies and TV. If you search for 'Tourette' on Google or YouTube, you'll get a gazillion hits that almost invariably show the most outrageously extreme examples of motor and vocal tics. Television, with notable exceptions such as Oprah, has sensationalized Tourette's so badly, for so long, that it seems beyond hope that most people will ever know the more prosaic truth.“. 
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