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Amoksitsillin: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

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„Амоксициллин“ sahifasi tarjima qilib yaratildi
(Farq yoʻq)

8-iyun 2022, 16:15 dagi koʻrinishi

Amoksitsillin - dori vositasi, yarim sintetik antibiotik, penitsillinlar guruhining keng spektrga ega vakili, bakterial infeksiyalarni davolashda ishlatiladi[1] . Uning davolash spektriga o'rta quloq infeksiyasi, tonzillit, pnevmoniya, teri infeksiyalari va siydik yo'llari infeksiyalari kiradi[1]. Og'iz orqali yoki inyeksiya yo'li bilan qabul qilinadi[1][2].

Keng tarqalgan nojo'ya ta'sirlariga ko'ngil aynishi va toshmalar kiradi[1] . Bundan tashqari u achitqi infektsiyalari havfini oshirishi mumkin, klavulan kislotasi bilan birgalikda qo'llanilganda diareyaga olib kelishi ham mumkin[3]. Preparat penitsillinga allergiyasi bo'lganlar tomonidan foydalanilmasligi kerak [1] . Buyrak muammolari da ishlatilishi mumkin bo'lsa-da, dozani kamaytirish kerak bo'lishi mumkin[1]. Homiladorlik va emizish davrida foydalanish havfli emas [1] . Amoksitsillin beta-laktam antibiotiklar guruhiga kiradi [1] . Farmakologik xususiyatlariga ko'ra, u ampitsillinga yaqin, ammo undan farqli o'laroq, ichilganda yaxshi biomavjudlikka ega. Amoksitsillin, boshqa ko'plab beta-laktam antibiotiklari singari, ma'lum bakteriyalar tomonidan ishlab chiqarilgan beta-laktamazalar tomonidan parchalanishga moyil, shuning uchun u ko'pincha klavulan kislotasi bilan birgalikda qo'llaniladi, bu kislota fermentlarning ingibitori sifatida ishlaydi.

Tibbiyotda qo'llanilishi

Amoksitsillin bir qator infektsiyalarni, jumladan o'tkir o'rta otit, streptokokkli faringit, pnevmoniya, teri infeksiyalari, siydik yo'llari infeksiyalari, salmonella infeksiyalari, Laym kasalligi va xlamidiya infeksiyalarini davolash uchun ishlatiladi [1] [4] .

O'tkir o'rta otit

O'tkir o'rta otitda 6 oygacha bo'lgan bolalar odatda amoksitsillin yoki boshqa antibiotiklar bilan davolanadi. O'tkir o'rta otit bo'lgan ikki yoshdan oshgan bolalarning ko'pchiligi amoksitsillin yoki boshqa antibiotiklar bilan davolashdan foyda keltirmasa ham, bunday davolash ikki yoshga to'lmagan ikki tomonlama o'tkir o'rta otit bo'lgan (quloq drenajlanishi bilan kuzatiladigan) bolalar uchun foydalibo'lishi mumkin[5] [6] [7] . O'tmishda o'tkir o'rta otitni davolashda amoksitsillin kuniga uch martaga buyurilgan, buning natijasida kundalik ambulatoriya amaliyotida dozani o'tkazib yuborish xolatlari kuzatilgan. Hozirgi kunda kuniga ikki marta yoki bir marta dozani ichish xuddi shunday samaradorlikka ega ekanligi haqida dalillar mavjud [8] .

Nafas olish yo'llari infektsiyalari

Jahon sog'liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) amoksitsillinni "og'ir" bo'lmagan pnevmoniya uchun birinchi darajali davolash usuli sifatida tavsiya qiladi . Amoksitsillin Buyuk Britaniya Milliy Sog'liqni saqlash va Ta'lim Instituti tomonidan kattalardagi shifoxonadan tashqari pnevmoniya uchun birinchi darajali davolash usuli sifatida yakka o'zi (yengil va o'rta darajadagi kasallik) yoki makrolidlar bilan birgalikda tavsiya etiladi . Amoksitsillin kuydirgini postkontakt ingalatsiyalashda kasallikning rivojlanishini oldini olish va profilaktika maqsadida qo'llaniladi [4] [ norasmiy manba? ] . Sinusitni aksariyat holatlarda viruslar keltirib chiqaradi, bunda amoksitsillin va amoksitsillin-klavulanat samarasiz hisoblanadi [9], amoksitsillinning kasllikda ozgina foydasidan nojo'ya ta'siri ko'proq bo'lishi mumkin [10] .

Helicobacter pylori

U Helicobacter pylori keltirib chiqargan oshqozon infeksiyalarida ko'p komponentli davolash rejimining bir qismi sifatida samarali hisoblanadi. Odatda proton nasosi inhibitorlarii (masalan, omeprazol) va makrolid antibiotiklari (masalan, klaritromitsin) bilan birga qo'llaniladi; boshqa dori kombinatsiyalari ham samarali [11] .

Laym borreliozi

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 1,4 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,8 „Amoxicillin“. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2015-yil 5-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2015-yil 1-avgust.
  2. ↑ „Amoxicillin Sodium for Injection“. EMC (2016-yil 10-fevral). 2016-yil 27-oktyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2016-yil 26-oktyabr.
  3. ↑ Gillies, M; Ranakusuma, A; Hoffmann, T; Thorning, S; McGuire, T; Glasziou, P; Del Mar, C (17 November 2014). "Common harms from amoxicillin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials for any indication". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal 187 (1): E21–31. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140848. PMID 25404399. PMC 4284189. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4284189. 
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 „Amoxicillin“. Davis (2017). 2017-yil 8-sentyabrda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 22-mart.
  5. ↑ Venekamp, Roderick P.; Sanders, Sharon L.; Glasziou, Paul P.; Del Mar, Chris B.; Rovers, Maroeska M. (2015-06-23). "Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD000219. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000219.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 26099233. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20210827214122/https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_293244/UQ293244_OA.pdf?Expires=1630100569&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=XhGigGDZs-5LEFeqg~Q38ALSmF2sT3ECl-Ot3X11KsXchka1lG3RsNBNs~zhhgvkdpTwIoTOP3Zz7BBGLCvmcSPZgwm7WywMQNWnjVMawrg-I0p5LGkprb7v6kvH4Mkc6aWdP2uKoZY1T2lEnDXG3chuEuK-GkuLpRoDnwEcExekjly7LjgKmtCmnwDZRlVu1qiOOY6IqZ4If6e0nLB6-Mz5hqVyJY0dyLoWSPGhXhMGcKUj62RbJMfUXeXUb8scVJC4jhkEgCyidPg93KKAkbvbcnwH-henOMdDd3b5xr43XZWSHFe6x0OR0BL0jUMvPvRt0zFkAlB-eHjURU9C7g__. Qaraldi: 2020-12-10. Amoksitsillin]]
  6. ↑ Venekamp, Roderick P.; Sanders, Sharon L.; Glasziou, Paul P.; Del Mar, Chris B.; Rovers, Maroeska M. (2015-06-23). "Antibiotics for acute otitis media in children". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (6): CD000219. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000219.pub4. ISSN 1469-493X. PMID 26099233. Archived from the original on 2021-08-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20210827214122/https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/data/UQ_293244/UQ293244_OA.pdf?Expires=1630100569&Key-Pair-Id=APKAJKNBJ4MJBJNC6NLQ&Signature=XhGigGDZs-5LEFeqg~Q38ALSmF2sT3ECl-Ot3X11KsXchka1lG3RsNBNs~zhhgvkdpTwIoTOP3Zz7BBGLCvmcSPZgwm7WywMQNWnjVMawrg-I0p5LGkprb7v6kvH4Mkc6aWdP2uKoZY1T2lEnDXG3chuEuK-GkuLpRoDnwEcExekjly7LjgKmtCmnwDZRlVu1qiOOY6IqZ4If6e0nLB6-Mz5hqVyJY0dyLoWSPGhXhMGcKUj62RbJMfUXeXUb8scVJC4jhkEgCyidPg93KKAkbvbcnwH-henOMdDd3b5xr43XZWSHFe6x0OR0BL0jUMvPvRt0zFkAlB-eHjURU9C7g__. Qaraldi: 2020-12-10. Amoksitsillin]]
  7. ↑ „Антибиотики при остром среднем отите у детей“. Cochrane Library.
  8. ↑ "Once or twice daily versus three times daily amoxicillin with or without clavulanate for the treatment of acute otitis media". Cochrane Database Syst Rev (12): CD004975. December 2013. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004975.pub3. PMID 24338106. 
  9. ↑ American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (2012). "Five Things Physicians and Patients Should Question". Choosing Wisely: An Initiative of the ABIM Foundation (American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology). Archived from the original on November 3, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121103151124/http://choosingwisely.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/5things_12_factsheet_AAAAI.pdf. Qaraldi: August 14, 2012. Amoksitsillin]]
  10. ↑ Ahovuo-Saloranta, A.; Rautakorpi, U. M.; Borisenko, O. V.; Liira, H.; Williams Jr, J. W.; Mäkelä, M. (2014). Ahovuo-Saloranta, Anneli. ed. "Antibiotics for acute maxillary sinusitis". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD000243. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000243.pub3. PMID 24515610. 
  11. ↑ "ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection". Am. J. Gastroenterol. 112 (2): 212–239. February 2017. doi:10.1038/ajg.2016.563. PMID 28071659.  
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