Valkiriya

Valhallaga olib kelinayotgan Einherjar Lorenz Frølich tomonidan chizilgan surat(1906)

Valkiriyalar (halok boʻlgan jangchilarni tanlovchilar), Skandinav xalqlarining afsonalariga koʻra Odinning yordamchilaridir. Nayza va dubulgʻa bilan qurollangan Valkiriyalar goʻzal va bokira jangchi qiz koʻrinishida tasvirlanadi. Osmondan qanotli otlar yordamida yerga tushgan Valkiriyalarning asosiy vazifasi Einherjar deb nomlangan jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdir. Jasur jangchilarni Valhallaga toʻplashdan maqsad esa qiyomat (Ragnarok)dagi ulkan jang vaqtida Odin va Thorning yonida turib, qahramonlarcha jang qiladigan bahodir jangchilarni bir joyga yigʻish hisoblanadi.

"Brunnhilda". Gaston Bussière tomonidan chizilgan surat (1897)

Valkiriyalar. Muallif: Emil Doepler (1905)

Valkiriyalarning ismlari va yetakchisi

Valkiriyalarning yetakchisining ismi Brunhilda boʻlib, Odinga qarshi isyon qilganligi uchun jazolanadi. Uni Siegfried qutqarib olgunicha, olovli chambardan qilingan qafasning ichida, qattiq uyqu ostida ushlab turiladi. Nemis bastakori Richard Vagnerning „Die Walküre“ (Valkyries, 1856) nomli mashhur operasida ismlari sanab oʻtilgan asosiy Valkiriyalarning nomlari quyidagilardir: Brynhild, Göll, Göndul, Gudr, Gunn, Herfjoturr, Xildr, Hladgunnr, Hlokk, Hrist, Sigrdrifa, Sigrun va Swafa va boshqalar. Valkiriyalar baʼzan Odinning xabarchilari boʻlib xizmat qilishadi. Baʼzi manbalarda esa ularni dastlab rohiba boʻlgan deb qayd qilishadi. Manzum Eddaning „Grimismol“ sheʼrida esa quyidagi valkiriya nomlari keltirib oʻtiladi: Geironul (Nayza), Gol (Qichqiriq), Herfjotur (Zanjirlangan), Xildr (Jangchi), Mist (Tuman), Randgrith (qalqonli), Rathgrith (reja buzuvchi), Skeggjold (bolta), Skogul (gʻazab).

Brunhilda

Baʼzi manbalarda Odinning 9 qizidan biri ekanligi aytilgan Brunhilda, otasining dushmanlariga yordam berganligi uchun Hindarfjall togʻining choʻqqisidagi olovli chambar ichida qattiq uyquga ketadi. Brunhildaga berilgan jazo sehri unga uylanmoqchi boʻlgan kishi tomonidan olib tashlanishi mumkin edi. Ajdar Fafnirni oʻldirib, malika Brunhildani qutqarish uchun yoʻlga chiqqan Siegfried asli Volsung qabilasidan edi. Siegfried Brunhildaning dubulgʻasi va qoʻlidagi nayzasini olishi bilan sehr oʻz kuchini yoʻqotadi. Shundan soʻng ular turmush qurishadi. Ammo turmushlari baxtli yakun topmaydi. Yolgʻonlarga ishongan Brunhilda Siegfriedni oʻldirishda ishtirok etadi. Lekin tez orada aldanganini bilib qolgach, oʻz joniga qasd qiladi.

Tessa Thompson

Adabiyot va sanʼatdagi oʻrni

Nemis shoir va drammaturgi Emanuel von Hagen (1815-1884) 1858-yilda „Brunhild“ pyessasi orqali Brunhilda va Valkiriyalar nomini ommaga tanitadi. Shundan soʻng Richard Wagner „Der Ring des Nibelungen“ nomli operasi orqali Brunhildaning oʻz joniga qasd qilish jarayonini tasvirlab beradi. Marvel tomonidan suratga olingan „Thor: Ragnarok“(2017) filmida, Brunhilda rolini Tessa Thompson ijro etadi.

Qoʻshimcha adabiyotlar

• Andrén, A.; Jennbert, K.; Raudvere, C. (2006) „Old Norse Religion: Some Problems and Prospects“ in Old Norse Religion in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, 3-7 June 2004. Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 91-89116-81-X
• Byock, Jesse (Trans.) (2006). The Prose Edda. Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-14-044755-5
• Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1988). Myths and Symbols in Pagan Europe: Early Scandinavian and Celtic Religions. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-2579-6
• Davidson, Hilda Roderick Ellis (1990). Gods and Myths of Northern Europe. Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-013627-4
• Dobat, Siegfried Andres (2006). „Bridging mythology and belief: Viking Age functional culture as a reflection of the belief in divine intervention“ in Andren, A.; Jennbert, K.; Raudvere, C. Old Norse Religion in Long Term Perspectives: Origins, Changes and Interactions, an International Conference in Lund, Sweden, 3-7 June 2004. Nordic Academic Press. ISBN 91-89116-81-X
• Dronke, Ursula (Trans.) (1997). The Poetic Edda: Volume II: Mythological Poems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-811181-9
• Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda. Everyman. ISBN 0-460-87616-3
• Finlay, Alison (2004). Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway: A Translation with Introduction and Notes. Brill Publishers. ISBN 90-04-13172-8
• Friðriksdóttir, Jóhanna Katrín (2020) Valkyrie: The Women of the Viking World (Bloomsbury Academic) ISBN 9781788314770
• Greenfield, Stanley B.; Calder, Daniel Gillmore; Lapidge, Michael (1996). A New Critical History of Old English Literature. New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-3088-4
• Grimm, Jacob (1882) translated by James Steven Stallybrass. Teutonic Mythology: Translated from the Fourth Edition with Notes and Appendix by James Stallybrass. Volume I. London: George Bell and Sons.
• Hall, Alaric (2007). Elves in Anglo-Saxon England. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-294-1
• Kennedy, Maev (2013). „Flight of the valkyrie: the Viking figurine thatʼs heading for Britain“. Theguardian.com, Monday 4 March 2013. Online: [1]
• Hollander, Lee Milton (1980). Old Norse Poems: The Most Important Nonskaldic Verse Not Included in the Poetic Edda. Forgotten Books. ISBN 1-60506-715-6
• Hollander, Lee Milton (Trans.) (2007). Heimskringla: History of the Kings of Norway. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-73061-8
• Finnur Jónsson (1973). Den Norsk-Islandske Skjaldedigtning. Rosenkilde og Bagger. (dancha)
• Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). The Poetic Edda. Oxford World's Classics. ISBN 0-19-283946-2
• Lindow, John (2001). Norse Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Heroes, Rituals and Beliefs. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515382-0
• MacLeod, Mindy; Mees, Bernard (2006). Runic Amulets and Magic Objects. Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-205-4
• McTurk, Rory W.. Studies in Ragnars saga Loðbrókar and its Major Scandinavian Analogues. The Society for the Study of Mediæval Languages and Literature, Oxford, 1991. 
• Näsström, Britt-Mari (1999). „Freyja: The Trivalent Goddess“ in Sand, Reenberg Erik; Sørensen, Jørgen Podemann (1999). Comparative Studies in History of Religions: Their Aim, Scrope and Validity. Museum Tusculanum Press. ISBN 87-7289-533-0
• North, Richard (1997). Heathen Gods in Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-55183-8
• Orchard, Andy (1997). Dictionary of Norse Myth and Legend. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-34520-2
• Orel, Vladimir (2003). A Handbook of Germanic Etymology. Brill. ISBN 9004128751
• Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer ISBN 0-85991-513-1
• Wessén, Elias; Sven B.F. Jansson (1953-58). Sveriges runinskrifter: IX. Upplands runinskrifter del 4. Stockholm: Kungl. Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien. Andoza:ISSN (shvedcha)
• Beyblade Burst (2015-2022) — The Tops: Valkyrie, Victory Valkyrie, God Valkyrie, Winning Valkyrie, Cho-Z Valkyrie, Slash Valkyrie, Brave Valkyrie, Saviour Valkyrie and Ultimate Valkyrie