Turkiy sulolalar va davlatlar roʻyxati

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Quyidagi jadvalda kelib chiqishi turkiylardan boʻlgan xalqlar asos solgan davlatlar roʻyxati keltirilgan. Bugungi kunda dunyo xaritasida 6 ta mustaqil turkiy davlatlar mavjud.

World map with present-day independent recognized Turkic countries highlighted in red

Kamida bitta davlat mustaqilligini tan olgan turkiy davlatlar[tahrir]

Bugungi mustaqil davlatlar[tahrir]

Nomi Yili Mustaqillik kuni
Turkiya Turkiya 1923 75 % Turklar 1923-yil 29-oktabr
Ozarbayjon Ozarbayjon 1991 2009 — 91.6 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.43 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.29 % Tatarlar.[1] 1918-yil 28-may
Qozogʻiston Qozogʻiston 1991 63.1 % Qozoqlar, 2.9 % Oʻzbeklar, 1.4 % Uygʻurlar, 1.3 % Tatarlar, 0.6 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.5 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.1 % Qirgʻizlar.[2] 1925-yil 19-iyun
Qirgʻiziston Qirgʻiziston 1991 70.9 % Qirgʻizlar, 14.3 % Oʻzbeklar, 0.9 % Uygʻurlar, 0.7 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.6 % Qozoqlar, 0.6 % Tatarlar, 0.3 % Ozarbayjonlar.[3] 1924-yil 14-oktabr
Turkmaniston Turkmaniston 1991 75.6 % Turkmanlar, 9.2 % Oʻzbeklar, 2.0 % Qozoqlar, 1.1 % Mesxetin turklari 0.7 % Tatarlar[4] 1991-yil 27-oktabr
Oʻzbekiston Oʻzbekiston 1991 71.4 % Oʻzbeklar, 4.1 % Qozoqlar, 2.4 % Tatarlar, 2.1 % Qoraqalpoqlar, 1 % Qrim tatarlari, 0.8 % Qirgʻizlar, 0.6 % Turkmanlar, 0.5 % Mesxetin turklari, 0.2 % Ozarbayjonlar, 0.2 % Uygʻurlar, 0.2 % Boshqirdlar.[5] 1924-yil 27-oktabr

Qisman tan olingan davlat[tahrir]

Faqat Turkiya tomonidan mustaqilligi tan olingan.

Nomi Yili
Northern Cyprus Shimoliy Qibris[6] 1983 67.54 % Qibris turklari, 32.45 % turklar[manba kerak]

Rossiyaning federal sub’ektlari (respublikalari)[tahrir]

Turkiy xalqlar koʻp boʻlgan Rossiyaning federal subyektlari
Nomi
 Boshqiriston 2010 — 29.5 % Boshqirdlar, 25.4 % Tatarlar, 2.7 % Chuvashlar
 Chuvashiston 2010 — 67.7 % Chuvashlar, 2.8 % Tatarlar
 Qorachoy-Cherkesiya 2010 — 41.0 % Qorachoylar, 3.3 % No`g`aylar
 Tatariston 2010 — 53.2 % Tatarlar, 3.1 % Chuvashlar
 Tuva 2010 — 82 % Tuvalar, 0.4 % Xakaslar
Saxa Respublikasi Sakha Republic 2010 — 49.9 % Yoqutlar, 0.2 % Dolganlar, 0.9 % Tatarlar
Turkiy xalqlar ozchilik boʻlgan Rossiyaning federal subyektlari
Name
 Oltoy Respublikasi 2010 — 34.5 % Oltoylar, 6.2 % Qozoqlar
 Kabardin-Bolqoriya 2010 — 12.7 % Bolqorlar
Andoza:Country data Republic of Crimea 2014 — 12.6 % Qrim tatarlar, 2.3 % Tatarlar
 Xakasiya 2010 — 12.1 % Xakaslar

Avtanom hududlar[tahrir]

Nomi
Gagauziya Gagauziya Moldovada 2004 — 82.1 % Gagauzlar.[7]
Qoraqalpog'iston Qoraqalpogʻiston Oʻzbekistonda 36 % Oʻzbeklar, 32 % Qoraqalpoqlar, 25 % Qozoqlar[8]
Ozarbayjon Naxichevan Avtonom Respublikasi Ozarbayjonda 99 % Ozarbayjonlar[9]
Xitoy
Xitoy Sinszyan-Uygʻur muxtor rayoni 2000 — 45.21 % Uygʻurlar, 6.74 % Qozoqlar, 0.86 % Qirgʻizlar, 0.066 % Oʻzbeklar, 0.024 % Tatarlar, 0.02 % Salarlar
↪ Xitoy Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture 2010 — 64.68 % Uygʻurlar, 27.32 % Qirgʻizlar
↪ Xitoy Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture 2015 — 26.77 % Qozoqlar, 17.45 % Uygʻurlar
↪ Xitoy Barköl Kazakh Autonomous County 2000 — 34.01 % Qozoqlar, 0.16 % Uygʻurlar, 0.03 % Tatarlar
↪ Xitoy Mori Kazakh Autonomous County Qozoqlar
Xitoy Xunhua Salar Autonomous County 2000 — 61.14 % Salarlar
Xitoy Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County Salarlar
Xitoy Sunan Yugur Autonomous County Sariq uygʻurlar
Xitoy Aksay Kazakh Autonomous County Qozoqlar

Tarixiy turkiy birlashmalar, sulolalar va davlatlar[tahrir]

Qabila birlashmalari[tahrir]

Tiele people Dingling Cumans Basmyl Chigils Alat Kutrigurs
Onogurs Sir-Kıvchak Toquz Oghuz Kipchaks Kankalis Yagma Yenisei Kyrgyz
Oghuz Sabirs Bulgars Shatuo Nushibi Duolu Xueyantuo
Tuoba Bulaqs Saragurs Yabaku Karluks Chorni Klobuky Berendei

Royal clans[tahrir]

Turkiy sulolalar va davlatlar[tahrir]

Nomi Notes Yil Poytaxt Xarita
Gok1.png Turk xoqonligi Bumin tomonidan 552-yilda asos solingan. 552-580 Otukan GökturksAD551-572.png
Gʻarbiy Turk xoqonligi 593-659 Nevkat and Suyob Western Gokturk.jpg
Sharqiy Turk xoqonligi 581-630
639-650 		Ordu Baliq Eastern Gokturk.png
Sirtordush 628-646
Kangar union 659-750 Located in Ulytau AD 659KangarUnion.png
Turk shahi tamga.pngTurk Shahi 665-850 Kabul Turk Shahi 700ad.jpg
Ikkinchi Sharqiy Turk xoqonligi Eltarish xoqon asos solgan. Undan oldin Birinchi Turk xoqonligi (552-630) va undan keyin Tan hukmronligi davri (630-682) bo'lgan. 682-744 Otukan Second Göktürk in the 8th century.png
Turkash xoqonligi Türgesh were a Turkic tribal confederation of Dulu Turks believed to have descended from the Turuhe tribe situated along the banks of the Tuul River. They emerged as an independent power after the demise of the Western Turkic Khaganate and established a khaganate in 699. The Turgesh Khaganate lasted until 766 when the Karluks defeated them. 699-766 Balasagun Transoxiana 8th century.svg
Kimek–Kipchak confederation 743-1220 Khagan-Kimek Imekia Қимақтар.png
Uyghur Khganate Flag.jpg Uyghur Khaganate 744-848 Ordu Baliq East-Hem 800ad.jpg
Oghuz Yabgu State 750-1055 Yangikent AD 750OguzYabgu.png
Karluk Yabgu State 756-940 Suyab later Balasagun Қарлұқтар.png
Qaraxanlı bayrağı.jpg Kara-Khanid Khanate 840-1212 Balasagun, Kashgar, Samarkand KaraKhanidAD1000.png
Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate 840-1207 Kirgisen-Reich (840-924).PNG
Kingdom of Qocho 856-1335 Gaochang, Beshbalik East-Hem 900ad.jpg
Pecenek.svg Pechenegs 860-1091 Khazarfall1.png
Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom 894-1036 Zhangye Guiyi Circuit.png
Coat of arms of Cumania.svg Cuman–Kipchak confederation[10][11] 900-1220 State of Cuman-Kipchak (13.) en.png
Anatolia composite NASA.png Anatolian Beyliks 11th-16th century Many such as Karaman, Sinop, Adana, Alanya, Kahramanmaraş. Anadolu Beylikleri.png
Ahmadilis 1122-1209 Maragha East-Hem 1200ad.jpg
Eldiguzids ca.1135-1225 Nakhchivan (city) and Hamadan
Salghurids 1148-1282 Fars Province
Ottoman flag.svg Ottoman Empire Also known as the Turkish Empire, Ottoman Turkey or Turkey, was an empire founded in 1299 by Oghuz Turks under Osman I in northwestern Anatolia 1299-1923 Söğüt 1299-1335, Bursa 1335-1413, Edirne 1413-1453, Istanbul 1453-1922 OttomanEmpireIn1683.png
Kara Koyunlu Kara Koyunlu was an Turkmen tribal federation.[12] 1375-1468 Tabriz Qara Qoyunlu Turcomans 1407–1468.png
Emirate of Kasgharia A short lived emirate in Kashgar region.[13] 1865-1877 Kashgar

Yevropa[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Capital Map
Khazar Empire The Khazars were a semi-nomadic Turkic people, who created what for its duration was the most powerful polity to emerge from the break-up of the Western Turkic Kaganate.[14] 6th-11th century Balanjar 650-720 ca., Samandar (city) 720s-750, Atil 750-ca.965-969 Chasaren.jpg
The Monogram of Kubrat.png Great Bulgaria 632-668 Phanagoria 632-665 Pontic steppe region around 650 AD.png
Khans Dulo of Bulgaria.jpg First Bulgarian Empire Tengrist Turkic pre-Christianization;[15] became Slavic post-Christianization 681-1018 Pliska 681-893, Preslav 893-972, Skopje 972-992, Ohrid 992-1018 First Bulgarian Empire Xc.png
Volga Bulgaria 7th century-1240s Bolghar, Bilär
Terter dynasty 1280-1323 Bulgaria-Theodore Svetoslav.png

Yaqin Sharq va Shimoliy Afrika[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Capital Map
Tulunids The Tulunids were a dynasty of Turkic origin[16] and were the first independent dynasty to rule Islamic Egypt, as well as much of Syria. 868-905 al-Qatta'i Tulunid Emirate 868 - 905 (AD).PNG
Ikhshidid Dynasty Founded by a Turkic[17][18][19] slave soldier, was appointed governor by the Abbasid Caliph.[20] 935-969 Ikhshidid Dynasty 935 - 969 (AD).PNG
Burid Dynasty 1104-1154 Damascus Map Crusader states 1135-en.svg
Zengid Dynasty Dynasty of Oghuz Turk origin.[21] 1127-1250 Aleppo Zengid Dynasty 1127 - 1250 (AD).PNG
Mameluke Flag.svg Bahri dynasty The first half of the Mamluk Sultanate was dominated by the Kipchak Turkic Bahri dynasty, after the Mongol conquest of the Kipchak steppes. 1250-1389 Cairo Mamluks1279.png
Assaf dynasty Controlled region between Beirut and Jbeil 1306-1591 Ghazir

Magʻrib hududi[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Capital Map
Karamanli dynasty The Karamanli dynasty was an independent or quasi-independent,[22] who ruled from 1711 to 1835 in Tripolitania (Tripoli and its surroundings in present-day Libya). At their peak, the Karamanlis' influence reached Cyrenaica and Fezzan, covering most of Libya. The founder of the dynasty was Pasha Ahmed Karamanli, a descendant of the Karamanids. 1711-1835 Tripoli Map of traditional provinces of Libye-en.svg

Hindiston hududi[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Capital Map
Mamluk Dynasty (Delhi) Mamluk Dynasty was directed into Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak, a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia. The Mamluk Dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290.[23][24][25] 1206-1290 Delhi Mamluk dynasty 1206 - 1290 ad.GIF
Qarlughid Dynasty 1224-1266 Ghazna, Binban
Khalji Dynasty 1290-1320 Delhi Delhi Sultanate under Khalji dynasty - based on A Historical Atlas of South Asia.svg
Tughlaq Dynasty 1320-1414 Delhi Tughlaq dynasty 1321 - 1398 ad.PNG
Ilyas Shahi dynasty 1342-1487 Sonargaon Bengal Sultanate.png
Bahmani Sultanate 1347-1527 Gulbarga (1347-1425)
Bidar (1425-1527) 		Bahamani-sultanate-map.svg
Bengal Sultanate Flag.gif Bengal Sultanate 1342-1538

1555-1576 		Gaur
Pandua
Sonargaon 		Sultanate of Bengal.png
Malwa Sultanate 1392-1562 Dhar and Mandu
Bidar Sultanate 1489-1619 Deccan sultanates 1490 - 1687 ad.png
Adil Shahi dynasty 1490-1686 Bijapur Bijapur-sultanate-map.svg
QutbshahiFlag.PNG Qutb Shahi Dynasty 1518-1687 Golconda / Hyderabad Deccan sultanates 1490 - 1687 ad.png
Alam of the Mughal Empire.svg Boburiylar davlati Founded by Turco-Mongol ruler Babur, adopted the Persian language in later periods.[26][27][28][29] 1526-1857 Agra 1526-1571, Fatehpur Sikri 1571-1585, Lahore 1585-1598, Agra 1598-1648, Shahjahanabad/Delhi 1648-1857 The Mughal Empire.jpg
Tarkhan Dynasty 1554-1591 Sindh
Hyderabad Coat of Arms.jpg Asaf Jahi Dynasty 1724-1948 Hyderabad Hyderabad princely state 1909.svg

Xitoylashgan turkiy sulolalar[tahrir]

The Shatuo Turks founded several sinicized dynasties in northern China during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. The official language of these dynasties was Chinese and they used Chinese titles and names.

Nomi Notes Yil Poytaxt Xarita
Great Yan General An Lushan rebelled against Tang Dynasty 756-763 Luoyang 756-757, Yecheng 757-759, Fanyang 759, Luoyang 759-762
Later Tang 923-936 Daming County 923, Luoyang 923-936 五代后唐（繁）.png
Later Jin[30] The Later Jin founder, Shi Jingtang, claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry. 936-947 Taiyuan 936, Luoyang 937, Kaifeng 937-947 L.LIANG.jpg
Later Han Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.[31] 947-951 Kaifeng
Northern Han Same family as Later Han. Sources conflict as to the origin of the Later Han and Northern Han Emperors; some indicate Shatuo ancestry while another claims that the Emperors claimed patrilineal Han Chinese ancestry.[31] 951-979 Taiyuan

Turk-fors davlatlari[tahrir]

Turk-fors urf-odati boʻyicha tashkil etilgan davlatlar. Koʻplab Turk-Fors davlatlari hozirgi Sharqiy Turkiya, Eron, Iroq, Turkmaniston va Oʻzbekistonda tashkil etilgan.[32]

Nomi Yil Poytaxt Xarita
Gʻaznaviylar imperiyasi Turkiy mamlukdan kelib chiqqan keyinchalik forsiylashgan sulola.[33][34] 962-1186 Gʻazni 977-1163, Lohur 1163-1186 Ghaznavid Empire 975 - 1187 (AD).PNG
Saljuqiylar davlati Oʻgʻuz turklarining[35][36] Qiniq qabilasi boshqargan davlat.[33][37][38][39] 1037-1194 Nishopur 1037-1043, Ray 1043-1051, Isfahon 1051-1118, Hamadon Gʻarbiy poytaxt 1118-1194, Marv Sharqiy poytaxt (1118-1153) Seljuk Empire locator map.svg
Rûm sultonligi Forslashgan Oʻgʻuz turklari[40] 1077-1307 Iznik, Koʻniya Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate.JPG
Xorazmshohlar imperiyasi Ruled by a family of Turkic mamluk origin.[41] 1077-1231/1256 Gurganj 1077-1212, Samarqand 1212-1220, Gʻazna 1220-1221, Tabriz 1225-1231 Khwarezmian Empire 1190 - 1220 (AD).PNG
Oq qoʻyunli Oʻgʻuzlarning Bayandar urugʻidan boʻlgan qabila.[42] 1378-1501 Diyorbakir 1453-1471, Tabriz 1468 — 6-yanvar, 1478 Map Aq Qoyunlu 1478-en.png

Turk-moʻgʻul davlatlari[tahrir]

Nomi Yillar Poytaxt Izohlar Xarita
Chigʻatoy ulusi 1225-1340s Olmaliq, Qarshi ChagataiKhanate1300.png
Golden Horde flag 1339.svg Oltin Oʻrda 1240s-1502 Saroybotu Oltin Oʻrda dastlab moʻgʻullar davlati hisoblangan va keyichalik turkiylashgan. GoldenHorde1300.png
Sufi sulolasi 1361-1379
Timurid.svgTemuriylar davlati 1370-1506 Samarqand 1370-1505, Hirot 1505-1507 Amir Temur asos solgan oʻrta asrlarning buyuk davlati. Das Reich Timur-i Lenks (1365-1405).GIF
Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Buxoro xonligi 1428-1599 Samarqand 1501-1533, Buxoro 1533-1601
Flag of the Kazan Khanate.svg Qozon xonligi 1438-1552 Qozon KazanKhanate1500.png
Gerae-tamga.svg Qrim xonligi 1441-1783 Boqchasaroy Chingizxonning nevarasi Joʻji avlodi boʻlgan Hoji I Girey asos solgan davlat. Crimean Khanate 1600.gif
Nogai flag.svg Noʻgʻay oʻrda 1440s-1634 Saroychiq Chingizxonning avlodi Noʻgʻay xon tomonidan asos solingan davlat. [43] Nogay Horde.svg
Flag of the Kazakh Khanate.svg Qozoq xonligi 1456-1847 Turkiston Joʻjixonning avlodi Kirayxon va Jonibekxonlar asos solgan davlat. Казахское ханство1520.png
Buyuk O'rda 1466-1502 Saroy Wielka Orda.svg
Coat of Arms of Astrakhan.png Astraxan xonligi 1466-1556 Xojitaron Astrakhan Khanate map.svg
Sibir xonligi 1490-1598 1493-yilgacha Tyumen, 1493-yildan Qashliq Siberian Khanate map English revised.svg
Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Buxoro xonligi 1500-1785 Buxoro Bukhara1600.png
Flag of the Khanate of Khiva.svg Xiva xonligi Yadgorlar: 1511-1804[44] Qoʻngʻirotlar 1804-1920 Xiva Хивинское ханство.png
Yorkent xonligi 1514-1705 Yorkent Могулия.png
Argun sulolasi 1520-1554 Bukkur
Kichik Nogʻay oʻrda 1449 yoki 1557-1783 Voli Sarai
Belgorod oʻrdasi XVII-XVIII asrlar Ukraine-Budzhak.png
Flag of the Turkestan (Kokand) Autonomy.svg Qoʻqon xonligi 1709-1876 Qoʻqon Kokand1850.png
Flag of the Emirate of Bukhara.svg Buxoro amirligi 1785-1920 Buxoro Bukhara1850.png

Vassal xonliklar[tahrir]

The following list is only of vassal khanates of Turkic origin, which were ruled by of another descent peoples.

Nomi Notes Yil Poytaxt Xarita
Qasim Khanate Turco-Mongol state 1452-1681 Kasimov Qasim scheme.svg
Kumul Khanate Turco-Mongol state 1696-1930 Hami City China Xinjiang Hami.svg

Sobiq Muvaqqat hukumatlar va respublikalar[tahrir]

Nomi Notes Yil Xarita Poytaxt
Provisional Government of Western Thrace later Independent Government of Western Thrace Republic of Western Thrace was a small, short-lived partially recognized republic established in Western Thrace from August 31 to October 25, 1913. It encompassed the area surrounded by the rivers Maritsa (Evros) in the east, Mesta (Nestos) in the west, the Rhodope Mountains in the north and the Aegean Sea in the south. Its total territory was c. 8.600 km².[45] 1913 Komotini
Crimean People's Republic Crimean Peopleʼs Republic existed from December 1917 to January 1918 in Crimea. Crimean Peopleʼs Republic was the first Turkic and Muslim democratic republic in the history. 1917-1918 Bakhchysarai
Idel-Ural State 1917-1918
Alash Autonomy A provisional autonomous Kazakh-Kyrgyz administration. Later integrated into Soviet Union under Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic umbrella. 1917-1920 Semey
Republic of Aras 1918-1919 Nakhchivan (city)
Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus 1918-1919 Kars
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1918-1920 1ST AZ REP.GIF Ganja, Azerbaijan until Sep 1918, Baku
Government of the Grand National Assembly Government of the Grand National Assembly, also called Ankara Government was a provisional and revolutionary Turkish government based in Ankara during the Turkish War of Independence. It was succeeded by Turkey after the Treaty of Lausanne. 1920-1923 Treaty of Sèvres 1920.svg Ankara
People's Republic of Tannu Tuva 1921-1944 Tuwakarte2.png Kyzyl
First East Turkestan Republic First East Turkestan Republic was a short-lived breakaway would-be Islamic republic founded in 1933. It was centered on the city of Kashgar in what is today the People's Republic of China-administered Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. 1933-1934 First ETR in China.svg Kashgar
Republic of Hatay Hatay State, also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that existed from September 7, 1938, to June 29, 1939, in the territory of the Sanjak of Alexandretta of the French Mandate of Syria. The state was transformed de jure into the Hatay Province of Turkey on July 7, 1939, de facto joining the country on July 23, 1939. 1938-1939 French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon map en.svg Antakya
East Turkistan Republic 1944-1949 Second ETR in China.svg Ghulja
Azerbaijan People's Government Established in Iranian Azerbaijan, the APGʻs capital was the city of Tabriz. Its establishment and demise were a part of the Iran crisis, which was a precursor to the Cold War. 1945-1946 Republic of mahabad and iranian azerbaijan 1945 1946.png Tabriz
Turkish Cypriot General Committee[46] 1963-1967 NCyprus location.svg Nicosia
Provisional Cypriot Turkish Administration[46] 1967-1974 NCyprus location.svg Nicosia
Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration 1974-1975 NCyprus location.svg Nicosia
Turkish Federated State of Cyprus Was declared in 1975 and existing until 1983. It was not recognized by the international community. It was succeeded by the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. 1975-1983 NCyprus location.svg Nicosia

Sovet respublikalari[tahrir]

Nomi Izoh Yil Xarita Poytaxt
Xorazm Xalq Sovet Respublikasi 1920-1924 SovietCentralAsia1922.svg Xiva
Buxoro Xalq Sovet Respublikasi 1920-1924 SovietCentralAsia1922.svg Buxoro
Ozarbayjon SSR 1920-1991 Soviet Union - Azerbaijan SSR.svg Boku
Oʻzbekiston SSR 1924-1991 Soviet Union - Uzbek SSR.svg Samarqand 1924-1930, Toshkent 1930-1991
Turkmaniston SSR 1924-1991 Soviet Union - Turkmen SSR.svg Ashxobod
Qozogʻiston SSR 1936-1991 Soviet Union - Kazakh SSR.svg Olmaota
Qirgʻiziston SSR 1936-1991 Soviet Union - Kirghiz SSR.svg Bishkek

Avtanom Sovet respublikalari[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Map Capital
Turkestan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1918-1924 SovietCentralAsia1922.svg Tashkent
Bashkir ASSR 1919-1990 Ufa
Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic 1920-1925 Orenburg
Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1920-1990 Kazan
Yakut ASSR 1922-1991 Flag-map of Yakut ASSR.svg Yakutsk
Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1921-1924 Map of Mountain ASSR.png Vladikavkaz
Nakhchivan Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1921-1990 265nakhichevan-assr.gif Nakhchivan (city)
Kazak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic 1925-1936 Карта КАССР.png Almaty
Chuvash ASSR 1925-1992 Cheboksary
Karakalpak ASSR 1932-1992 Nukus
Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1936-1991 Russia - Kabardino-Balkar Republic (2008-01).svg Nalchik
Kabardin Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1944-1957
Crimean ASSR 1921-1945 Simferopol
Tuvan ASSR 1961-1992 Tuwakarte2.png
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 1990-1992 Map of Russia - Altai Republic (2008-03).svg Gorno-Altaysk

Sovet Ittifoqining avtonom viloyatlari[tahrir]

Name Notes Years Map Capital
Chuvash Autonomous Oblast 1920-1925 Cheboksary
Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast 1921-1936 Nalchik
Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast 1922-1926 Cherkessk
Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast 1922-1991
Kara-Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast 1924-1936 Bishkek
Karakalpak Autonomous Oblast 1925-1932 To‘rtko‘l
Karachay Autonomous Oblast 1926-1957 Karachay.JPG Mikoyan Shakhar
Khakassian Autonomous Oblast 1930-1992
Tuvan Autonomous Oblast 1944-1961 Uryankhay-Tuva AO.png Kyzyl

Shuningdek qarang[tahrir]

Manbalar[tahrir]

  1. ↑ [1]
  2. ↑ Demographics of Kazakhstan.
  3. ↑ Demographics of Kyrgyzstan
  4. ↑ Demographics of Turkmenistan
  5. ↑ Demographics of Uzbekistan
  6. ↑ Recognized only by Turkey and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, see Cyprus dispute.
  7. ↑ Gagauzia
  8. ↑ Der Fischer Weltalmanach 2011, Artikel „Karakalpakstan“, S. 496
  9. ↑ http://pop-stat.mashke.org/azerbaijan-ethnic2009.htm
  10. ↑ Encyclopedia of European peoples, Vol.1, Ed. Carl Waldman, Catherine Mason, (Infobase Publishing Inc., 2006), 475; „The Kipchaks were a loose tribal confederation of Turkics…“.
  11. ↑ Vásáry, István, Cumans and Tatars: Oriental military in the pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185-1365, (Cambridge University Press, 2005), 6; „..two Turkic confederacies, the Kipchaks and the Cumans, had merged by the twelfth century.“.
  12. ↑ [2] Kara Koyunlu, also spelled Qara Qoyunlu, Turkish Karakoyunlular, English Black Sheep, Turkmen tribal federation that ruled Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.
  13. ↑ [3]
  14. ↑ Sneath 2007, s. 25.
  15. ↑ (2011) Empires of Faith: The Fall of Rome to the Rise of Islam, 500–700, 308. 
  16. ↑ The Emergence of Muslim Rule in India: Some Historical Disconnects and Missing Links, Tanvir Anjum, Islamic Studies, Vol. 46, No. 2 (Summer 2007), 233.
  17. ↑ (2011) The Mediterranean in History, 170. 
  18. ↑ (2012) The Tragedy of the Templars: The Rise and Fall of the Crusader States. 
  19. ↑ (2006) Medieval Islamic Civilization: A-K, index, 382. 
  20. ↑ C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 62.
  21. ↑ C.E. Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties, (Columbia University Press, 1996), 191.
  22. ↑ (2006) World and Its Peoples, 1213. 
  23. ↑ Walsh, pp. 68-70
  24. ↑ Anzalone, p. 100
  25. ↑ Sen, Sailendra (2013). A Textbook of Medieval Indian History. Primus Books, 72–80. ISBN 978-9-38060-734-4. 
  26. ↑ Thackston 1996
  27. ↑ Findley 2005
  28. ↑ Saunders 1970, p.177
  29. ↑ The Islamic World to 1600: The Mongol Invasions (The Tamarind Empire). Ucalgary.ca. Asl nusxadan arxivlandi (2009-08-16). 2011-07-06.; The Islamic World to 1600: Rise of the Great Islamic Empires (The Mughal Empire). Ucalgary.ca. Asl nusxadan arxivlandi (2011-09-27). 2011-07-06.
  30. ↑ Wudai Shi, ch. 75. Considering the father was originally called Nieliji without a surname, the fact that his patrilineal ancestors all had Chinese names here indicates that these names were probably all created posthumously after Shi Jingtang became a „Chinese“ emperor. Shi Jingtang actually claimed to be a descendant of Chinese historical figures Shi Que and Shi Fen, and insisted that his ancestors went westwards towards non-Han Chinese area during the political chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty in the early 3rd century.
  31. ↑ 31,0 31,1 According to Old History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 99, and New History of the Five Dynasties, vol. 10. Liu Zhiyuan was of Shatuo origin. According to Wudai Huiyao, vol. 1 Liu Zhiyuanʼs great-great-grandfather Liu Tuan (劉湍) (titled as Emperor Mingyuan posthumously, granted the temple name of Wenzu) descended from Liu Bing (劉昞), Prince of Huaiyang, a son of Emperor Ming of Han
  32. ↑ Lewis, Bernard. „Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire“, p29. Published 1963, University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1060-0.
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2007-03-11 at the Wayback Machine.): "… here one might bear in mind that non-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Saljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints …"
  34. ↑ Muhammad Qāsim Hindū Šāh Astarābādī Firištah, "History Of The Mohamedan Power In India", Chapter I, "Sultān Mahmūd-e Ghaznavī", p.27: "… „Sabuktegin, the son of Jūkān, the son of Kuzil-Hukum, the son of Kuzil-Arslan, the son of Fīrūz, the son of Yezdijird, king of Persia. …“
  35. ↑ Jonathan Dewald, „Europe 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World“, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 2004, p. 24
  36. ↑ Jackson, P. (2002). "Review: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens: The History of the Seljuq Turkmens". Journal of Islamic Studies (Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies) 13 (1): 75–76. doi:10.1093/jis/13.1.75. 
  37. ↑ K.A. Luther, „Alp Arslān“ in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK): "… Saljuq activity must always be viewed both in terms of the wishes of the sultan and his Khorasanian, Sunni advisors, especially Nezām-al-molk …"
  38. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (LINK): "… Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship …"
  39. ↑ O.Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries", Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, (LINK Archived 2012-01-22 at the Wayback Machine.)
  40. ↑ 1.Bernard Lewis, Istanbul and the Civilization of the Ottoman Empire, 29; „Even when the land of Rum became politically independent, it remained a colonial extension of Turco-Persian culture which had its centers in Iran and Central Asia“, „The literature of Seljuk Anatolia was almost entirely in Persian…“.
  41. ↑ M. Ismail Marcinkowski, Persian Historiography and Geography: Bertold Spuler on Major Works Produced in Iran, the Caucasus, Central Asia, India and Early Ottoman Turkey, with a foreword by Professor Clifford Edmund Bosworth, member of the British Academy, Singapore: Pustaka Nasional, 2003, ISBN 9971-77-488-7.
  42. ↑ C.E. Bosworth and R. Bulliet, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual , Columbia University Press, 1996, ISBN 0-231-10714-5, p. 275.
  43. ↑ Khodarkovsky, Russiaʼs Steppe Frontier p. 9
  44. ↑ Compiled after Y. Bregel, ed. (1999), Firdaws al-iqbal; History of Khorezm. Leiden: Brill.
  45. ↑ Panayotis D. Cangelaris – The Western Thrace Autonomous Government "Muhtariyet" Issue (1913) Philatelic Exhibit. Cangelaris.com. 2016-09-25.
  46. ↑ 46,0 46,1 [4] KIBRIS’TA ESKİ YÖNETİMLER

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