Sichuan qalampiri

Vikipediya, ochiq ensiklopediya

 

Sichuan qalampiri ( xitoycha: 花椒 ), shuningdek, Szechuan qalampiri, Shexvan qalampiri, xitoy tikanli kuli, xitoy qalampiri, Timut qalampiri va mala qalampiri [1] sifatida ham tanilgan ziravorlar Sichuan oshxonasida keng qo'llaniladi. Nomiga qaramay, Sichuan qalampiri qora qalampir yoki chili qalampiri bilan chambarchas bog'liq emas. U sitrus va rue o'z ichiga olgan Rutaceae oilasidagi Zanthoxylum jinsi o'simliklaridan tayyorlanadi.

Sichuan qalampiri iste'mol qilinganda, gidroksi-alfa sanshool mavjudligi sababli uyqusizlik ta'sirini keltirib chiqaradi. Ziravorlar birgalikda yoki ko'p o'tmay tatib ko'rilgan boshqa lazzatlarni o'zgartirish ta'siriga ega. U mapo dufu va Chongqing qaynatgichi kabi Sichuan taomlarida ishlatiladi va ko'pincha mala deb nomlanuvchi lazzat yaratish uchun chili qalampiri bilan qo'shiladi ( xitoycha: 麻辣  ; "achchiq-achchiqlik").

Turlari va navlari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Yangi yig'ib olingan Sichuan qalampiri (mahalliy tilda dà hóng páo huā jiāo [2] nomi bilan tanilgan) quyoshda quritilishi uchun qoldirilgan, Linxia okrugi, Gansu provinsiyasi, Xitoy shimoli-g'arbiy qismida.
Bir hovuch yashil Sichuan qalampir no'xati

Sichuan qalampiri Xitoyda asrlar davomida pazandalik va dorivor maqsadlarda ishlatilgan va ko'p sonli Zanthoxylum turlari huājiāo (lit. "gul qalampiri") deb ataladi. Xitoyda keng tarqalgan sichuan qalampiriga honghuājiao ( xitoycha: 红花椒 ) yoki Zanthoxylum bungeanum va qīnghuājiāo ( xitoycha: 青花椒 ) yoki májiāo ( xitoycha: 麻椒 armatumdan yig'ib olingan yashil Sichuan qalampir no'xati deb nom berilgan. Qizil Sichuan qalampiri odatda kuchliroq ta'mga ega, yashil Sichuan qalampiri esa yumshoqroq, ammo xushbo'yroq va kuchliroq hissizlantiruvchi ta'sirga ega. [3] [4] Yillar davomida xitoylik fermerlar ushbu ikki navning bir nechta navlarini yetishtirishdi. [5] Zanthoxylum simulans, Xitoy-qalampir yoki yassi tikanli kul sifatida tanilgan, boshqa qizil Sichuan qalampirining manbai. [6]

Zanthoxylum armatum Himoloy tog'lari bo'ylab, Kashmirdan Butangacha, shuningdek, Tayvan, Nepal, Xitoy, Filippin, Malayziya, Yaponiya va Pokistonda joylashgan [7] va turli mintaqaviy nomlar bilan tanilgan, jumladan, timur ( टिमुर ) Nepal va Hindko tillarida, [8] yer ma གཡེར་མ ) Tibetda [9] va Butanda thingye . [10]

Boshqa Zanthoxylum ziravorlari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Zanthoxylum turlari bir qator madaniy va oshxona an'analarida ziravorlar va mavsumiy ishlab chiqarish uchun yig'ib olinadi. Bu ziravorlar orasida andaliman, chopi, sancho, sansho, teppal va tirfal bor .

Pazandachilikda foydalanish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Sichuan qalampiri Himoloy tog'larining Xitoy, Nepal, Kashmir, Tibet va Butan oshxonalarida muhim ziravor hisoblanadi. Sichuan qalampiri sitrusga o'xshash ta'mga ega va gidroksi-alfa sanshool mavjudligi sababli og'izda 50 gerts tebranishiga o'xshash [11] karıncalanmani keltirib chiqaradi.

Dorivor maqsadlarda foydalanish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

An'anaviy xitoy tabobatida Zanthoxylum bungeanum o'simlik dori sifatida ishlatilgan, Xitoy Xalq Respublikasi Farmakopeyasida sanab o'tilgan va qorin og'rig'i, tish og'rig'i va ekzema kabi turli xil kasalliklar uchun buyurilgan. Biroq, Szechuan qalampirining dalillarga asoslangan tibbiyotda foydalanish uchun ko'rsatmalari yoki qabul qilingan holatlari yo'q. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko'rsatdiki, Z. bungeanum model hayvonlar va hujayra madaniyatlarida analjezik, yallig'lanishga qarshi, antibakterial va antioksidant ta'sirga ega bo'lishi mumkin. [12] Quyonlarda Z. armatumning oshqozon-ichak, nafas olish va yurak-qon tomir kasalliklarini davolashda potentsial qo'llanilishi eksperimental ravishda o'rganildi. [13]

  1. ↑ Wei. „Sichuan Pepper: Your Questions Answered“. redhousespice.com (15-dekabr 2019-yil). Qaraldi: 6-oktabr 2020-yil.
  2. ↑ 临夏县概况 (Linxia County overview)
  3. ↑ „花椒，藤椒，麻椒，如何区分及不同的使用方法！-美食频道-手机搜狐“. Sohu.
  4. ↑ „Sichuan Peppercorn | China Sichuan Food“ (22-aprel 2015-yil).
  5. ↑ Xiang, Li; Liu, Yue (April 2016). "The Chemical and Genetic Characteristics of Szechuan Pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum) Cultivars and Their Suitable Habitat". Frontiers in Plant Science 7: 467. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00467. PMID 27148298. PMC 4835500. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4835500. 
  6. ↑ „Xanthoxylum Simulans - North Carolina State University fact sheet“. 18-noyabr 2013-yilda asl nusxadan arxivlandi. Qaraldi: 13-dekabr 2022-yil.
  7. ↑ Kanwal, Rabia; Arshad, Muhammed (22 February 2015). "Evaluation of Ethnopharmacological and Antioxidant Potential of Zanthoxylum armatum DC.". Journal of Chemistry 2015: 1–8. doi:10.1155/2015/925654. 
  8. ↑ Kala, Chandra Prakash; Farooquee, Nehal A; Dhar, Uppeandra (2005). "Traditional Uses and Conservation of Timur (Zanthoxylum armatum DC.) through Social Institutions in Uttaranchal Himalaya, India". Conservation and Society 3 (1): 224–230. http://www.conservationandsociety.org/article.asp?issn=0972-4923;year=2005;volume=3;issue=1;spage=224;epage=230;aulast=Kala. Qaraldi: 15 October 2020. Sichuan qalampiri]]
  9. ↑ „Some Spices and Ingredients“. simplytibetan.com (16-dekabr 2011-yil). Qaraldi: 15-oktabr 2020-yil.
  10. ↑ Tshering Dema. „Kingdom Essences: An Essential Oil Brand Which Harnesses Natural Ingredients From Rural Bhutan“. DailyBhutan.com. Qaraldi: 15-oktabr 2020-yil.
  11. ↑ Hagura, Nobuhiro; Barber, Harry; Haggard, Patrick (2013-11-07). "Food vibrations: Asian spice sets lips trembling". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280 (1770): 20131680. doi:10.1098/rspb.2013.1680. PMID 24026819. PMC 3779329. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3779329. 
  12. ↑ Zhang, Mengmeng; Wang, Jiaolong (October 2017). "Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. (Rutaceae): A Systematic Review of Its Traditional Uses, Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, and Toxicology". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18 (10): 2172. doi:10.3390/ijms18102172. PMID 29057808. PMC 5666853. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5666853. 
  13. ↑ Khan, Arif; Gilani, Anwar-ul Hassan (January 2009). "Pharmacological Basis for the Medicinal Use of Zanthoxylum armatum in Gut, Airways and Cardiovascular Disorders". Phytotherapy Research 24 (4): 553–8. doi:10.1002/ptr.2979. PMID 20041426. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/40813176. Qaraldi: 16 October 2020. Sichuan qalampiri]] 
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