Murray Gell-Mann

Murray Gell-Mann (1929.15.9, Nyu-York) — amerikalik nazariyotchi-fizik. Ilmiy ishlari maydonning kvant nazariyasi, elementar zarralar fizikasi, yadro fizikasiga oid. Fanga ajiblik tushunchasini kiritgan va uning saqlanish qonunini ochgan (yapon fizigi K. Nishijimadan mustaqil holda, 1953). Elementar zarralar sistemasini (1961), kvarklar gipotezasini (1964) taklif qilgan. Nobel mukofoti laureati (1969).^[1]

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↑ "GELLMAN (Gell Mann) Marri" OʻzME. G-harfi Birinchi jild. Toshkent, 2000-yil

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k m t Fizika boʻyicha Nobel mukofoti laureatlari

1901–1925	1901 Wilhelm Röntgen 1902 Hendrik Lorentz / Pieter Zeeman 1903 Henri Becquerel / Pierre Curie / Marie Curie 1904 John William Strutt 1905 Philipp Lenard 1906 J. J. Thomson 1907 Albert A. Michelson 1908 Gabriel Lippmann 1909 Guglielmo Marconi / Karl Ferdinand Braun 1910 Johannes Diderik van der Waals 1911 Wilhelm Wien 1912 Gustaf Dalén 1913 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes 1914 Max von Laue 1915 William Lawrence Bragg / William Henry Bragg 1916 1917 Charles Glover Barkla 1918 Max Planck 1919 Johannes Stark 1920 Charles Édouard Guillaume 1921 Albert Einstein 1922 Niels Bohr 1923 Robert Andrews Millikan 1924 Manne Siegbahn 1925 James Franck / Gustav Ludwig Hertz

1926–1950	1926 Jean Baptiste Perrin 1927 Arthur Compton / Charles Thomson Rees Wilson 1928 Owen Willans Richardson 1929 Louis de Broglie 1930 C. V. Raman 1931 1932 Werner Heisenberg 1933 Erwin Schrödinger / Paul Dirac 1934 1935 James Chadwick 1936 Victor Francis Hess / Carl David Anderson 1937 Clinton Davisson / George Paget Thomson 1938 Enrico Fermi 1939 Ernest Lawrence 1940 1941 1942 1943 Otto Stern 1944 Isidor Isaac Rabi 1945 Wolfgang Pauli 1946 Percy Williams Bridgman 1947 Edward Victor Appleton 1948 Patrick Blackett 1949 Hideki Yukawa 1950 C. F. Powell

1951–1975	1951 John Cockcroft / Ernest Walton 1952 Felix Bloch / Edward Mills Purcell 1953 Frits Zernike 1954 Max Born / Walther Bothe 1955 Willis Lamb / Polykarp Kusch 1956 William Shockley / John Bardeen / Walter Houser Brattain 1957 Chen-Ning Yang / Tsung-Dao Lee 1958 Pavel Cherenkov / Ilya Frank / Igor Tamm 1959 Emilio Segrè / Owen Chamberlain 1960 Donald A. Glaser 1961 Robert Hofstadter / Rudolf Mössbauer 1962 Lev Landau 1963 Eugene Wigner / Maria Goeppert-Mayer / J. Hans D. Jensen 1964 Charles H. Townes / Nikolay Basov / Aleksandr Proxorov 1965 Shin'ichirō Tomonaga / Julian Schwinger / Richard Feynman 1966 Alfred Kastler 1967 Hans Bethe 1968 Luis Walter Alvarez 1969 Murray Gell-Mann 1970 Hannes Alfvén / Louis Néel 1971 Dennis Gabor 1972 John Bardeen / Leon Cooper / John Robert Schrieffer 1973 Leo Esaki / Ivar Giaever / Brian Josephson 1974 Martin Ryle / Antony Hewish 1975 Aage Bohr / Ben Roy Mottelson / James Rainwater

1976–2000	1976 Burton Richter / Samuel C. C. Ting 1977 Philip Warren Anderson / Nevill Francis Mott / John Hasbrouck Van Vleck 1978 Pyotr Kapitsa / Arno Allan Penzias / Robert Woodrow Wilson 1979 Sheldon Lee Glashow / Abdus Salam / Steven Weinberg 1980 James Cronin / Val Logsdon Fitch 1981 Nicolaas Bloembergen / Arthur Leonard Schawlow / Kai Siegbahn 1982 Kenneth G. Wilson 1983 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar / William Alfred Fowler 1984 Carlo Rubbia / Simon van der Meer 1985 Klaus von Klitzing 1986 Ernst Ruska / Gerd Binnig / Heinrich Rohrer 1987 Georg Bednorz / Karl Aleksander Myuller 1988 Leon M. Lederman / Melvin Schwartz / Jack Steinberger 1989 Norman Foster Ramsey Jr. / Hans Georg Dehmelt / Wolfgang Paul 1990 Jerome Isaac Friedman / Henry Way Kendall / Richard E. Taylor 1991 Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1992 Georges Charpak 1993 Russell Alan Hulse / Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr. 1994 Bertram Brockhouse / Clifford Shull 1995 Martin Lewis Perl / Frederick Reines 1996 David Lee / Douglas Osheroff / Robert Coleman Richardson 1997 Steven Chu / Claude Cohen-Tannoudji / William Daniel Phillips 1998 Robert B. Laughlin / Horst Ludwig Störmer / Daniel C. Tsui 1999 Gerard 't Hooft / Martinus J. G. Veltman 2000 Jores Alferov / Herbert Kroemer / Jack Kilby

2001– yildan	2001 Eric Allin Cornell / Wolfgang Ketterle / Carl Wieman 2002 Raymond Davis Jr. / Masatoshi Koshiba / Riccardo Giacconi 2003 Aleksey Abrikosov / Vitaliy Ginzburg / Anthony James Leggett 2004 David Gross / Hugh David Politzer / Frank Wilczek 2005 Roy J. Glauber / John L. Hall / Theodor W. Hänsch 2006 John C. Mather / George Smoot 2007 Albert Fert / Peter Grünberg 2008 Yoichiro Nambu / Kobayashi / Toshihide Maskawa 2009 Charles K. Kao / Willard Boyle / George E. Smith 2010 Andre Geim / Konstantin Novoselov 2011 Saul Perlmutter / Adam Riess / Brian Schmidt 2012 David J. Wineland / Serge Haroche 2013 François Englert / Peter Higgs 2014 Isamu Akasaki / Hiroshi Amano / Shuji Nakamura 2015 Takaaki Kajita / Arthur B. McDonald 2016 David J. Thouless / Duncan Haldane / J. Michael Kosterlitz 2017 Rainer Weiss / Barry Barish / Kip Thorne 2018 Arthur Ashkin / Gérard Mourou / Donna Strickland 2019 Jim Peebles / Michel Mayor / Didier Queloz

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