Meditatsiya

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Meditatsiyaning turli xil tasvirlari (yuqori chapdan soat yo'nalishi bo'yicha): hindu Svami Vivekananda, buddist rohib Xsuan Xua, daoist Baduanjin Qigong, nasroniy Avliyo Frensis, zikrdagi musulmon so'fiylar va ijtimoiy islohotchi Narayana Guru

</link> Meditatsiya - bu odam diqqat va ongni o'rgatish, aqliy jihatdan aniq va hissiy jihatdan xotirjam va barqaror holatga erishish uchun ongni aniq bir narsaga, fikrga yoki faoliyatga qaratish kabi texnikadan foydalanadigan amaliyotdir[1] [2] [3] [4].

Meditatsiya ko'plab diniy an'analarda qo'llaniladi. Meditatsiya ( dhyana ) haqidagi eng qadimgi yozuvlar Upanishadlarda topilgan va meditatsiya hinduizm, jaynizm va buddizmning tafakkur repertuarida muhim rol o'ynaydi[5]. 19-asrdan boshlab Osiyo meditatsiya usullari boshqa madaniyatlarga tarqaldi va ular biznes va sog'liq kabi ma'naviy bo'lmagan kontekstlarda ham qo'llanildi.

Meditatsiya stress, tashvish, depressiya va og'riqni sezilarli darajada kamaytirishi mumkin[6] va tinchlik, idrok etish,[7] o'z-o'zini anglash va farovonlikni oshirishi mumkin[8] [9] [10]. Meditatsiyaning salomatlik ( psixologik, nevrologik va yurak-qon tomir ) va boshqa sohalarga ta'sirini yaxshiroq tushunish uchun tadqiqotlar davom etmoqda.

Meditatsiya an'analari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Bog'da meditatsiya qilayotgan odam (19-asr)

Kelib chiqishi[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Meditatsiya tarixi u amalga oshirilgan diniy kontekst bilan chambarchas bog'liq[11]. Rossano meditatsiyaning ko'plab usullarining elementi bo'lgan diqqatni jamlash qobiliyatining paydo bo'lishi inson biologik evolyutsiyasining so'nggi bosqichlariga hissa qo'shgan bo'lishi mumkinligini aytdi. [12] Meditatsiya haqidagi eng qadimgi havolalar, shuningdek, proto-Samkhya Hindistonning Upanishadlarida uchraydi[13] [14]. Meditatsiyaga oid eng aniq havolalar oʻrtadagi Upanishadlar va Mahabharatada (jumladan, Bhagavad Gitada ) uchraydi[15] [16].

  1. Walsh & Shapiro 2006.
  2. Cahn & Polich 2006.
  3. Jevning, Wallace & Beidebach 1992.
  4. Goleman 1988.
  5. Dhavamony, Mariasusai. Classical Hinduism (en). Università Gregoriana Editrice, 1982 — 243 bet. ISBN 978-88-7652-482-0. 2020-yil 27-oktyabrda qaraldi. 
  6. Hölzel, Britta K.; Lazar, Sara W.; Gard, Tim; Schuman-Olivier, Zev; Vago, David R.; Ott, Ulrich (November 2011). "How Does Mindfulness Meditation Work? Proposing Mechanisms of Action From a Conceptual and Neural Perspective". Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science 6 (6): 537–559. doi:10.1177/1745691611419671. ISSN 1745-6916. PMID 26168376. Archived from the original on 2020-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20201002203058/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26168376/. Qaraldi: 2020-09-30. Meditatsiya]]
  7. „The Dalai Lama explains how to practice meditation properly“ (2017-yil 3-may). 2021-yil 15-aprelda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 8-may.
  8. „Meditation: In Depth“. NCCIH. 2018-yil 4-iyulda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2018-yil 1-may.
  9. Goyal, M.; Singh, S.; Sibinga, E. M.; Gould, N. F.; Rowland-Seymour, A.; Sharma, R.; Berger, Z.; Sleicher, D. et al. (2014). "Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-being: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine 174 (3): 357–368. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.13018. PMID 24395196. PMC 4142584. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4142584. 
  10. Shaner, Lynne; Kelly, Lisa; Rockwell, Donna; Curtis, Devorah (2016). "Calm Abiding". Journal of Humanistic Psychology 57: 98. doi:10.1177/0022167815594556. 
  11. Everly & Lating 2002.
  12. Rossano, Matt J. (February 2007). "Did Meditating Make Us Human?". Cambridge Archaeological Journal 17 (1): 47–58. doi:10.1017/S0959774307000054. 
  13. Dhavamony, Mariasusai. Classical Hinduism (en). Università Gregoriana Editrice, 1982 — 243–244 bet. ISBN 978-88-7652-482-0. 2020-yil 27-oktyabrda qaraldi. 
  14. Lusthaus 2018.
  15. Alexander Wynne, The Origin of Buddhist Meditation. Routledge 2007, p. 51. The earliest reference is actually in the Mokshadharma, which dates to the early Buddhist period.
  16. The Katha Upanishad describes yoga, including meditation. On meditation in this and other post-Buddhist Hindu literature, see Collins, Randall. The Sociology of Philosophies: A Global Theory of Intellectual Change. Harvard University Press, 2000 — 199 bet.