Lishayniklar: Versiyalar orasidagi farq

Lishayniklar
Biologik klassifikatsiya
Olam:	Nabotot;
Tip:	Lichenes;

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15-Iyun 2011, 19:21 dagi koʻrinishi

Lishayniklar (lotincha: Lichenes) zamburugʻlar va suvoʻtlari va/yoki sianobakteriyalarning simbiotik majmualari boʻlmish organizmlardir.^[1] Biroq lishayniklar morfologiyasi, fiziologiyasi va biokimyosi zamburugʻ va suvoʻtlarnikidan farq qiladi. Lishayniklar tarqalish areali nihoyatda xilma-xil, ularni sovuq, nam iqlimda ham, issiq, choʻl sharoitida ham uchratish mumkin,^[2] shu bilan birga ular atrof-muhit oʻzgarishiga sezgirdir.^[3] ^[4] ^[5] Lishayniklardan boʻyoq, atir-upa ishlab chiqarishda hamda tabobatda foydalaniladi.

Manbalar

↑ F.S. Dobson (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., Slough, UK
↑ Morris J, Purvis W.. Lichens (Life). London: The Natural History Museum, 2007 — 19 bet. ISBN 0-565-09153-0.
↑ Ferry, B.W., Baddeley, M.S. & Hawkworth, D. L. (Editors) (1973) Air Pollution and Lichens. Athlone Press, London.
↑ Rose C.I., Hawksworth D.L. (1981) Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air. Nature
↑ D.L. Hawksworth and F. Rose(1976) Lichens as pollution monitors. Edward Arnold, Institute of Biology Series, No. 66. 60pp. ISBN 0713125543: 0713125551(pbk.)

Tashqi ishoratlar

Ushbu maqola chaladir. Siz uni boyitib, Vikipediyaga yordam berishingiz mumkin.
Bu andozani aniqrogʻiga almashtirish kerak.

Andoza:Link GA Andoza:Link FA Andoza:Link FA

[dobson-1] F.S. Dobson (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., Slough, UK

[Morris2007-2] Morris J, Purvis W.. Lichens (Life). London: The Natural History Museum, 2007 — 19 bet. ISBN 0-565-09153-0.

[ferry-3] Ferry, B.W., Baddeley, M.S. & Hawkworth, D. L. (Editors) (1973) Air Pollution and Lichens. Athlone Press, London.

[rosehawksworth-4] Rose C.I., Hawksworth D.L. (1981) Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air. Nature

[Hawksworthrose1976-5] D.L. Hawksworth and F. Rose(1976) Lichens as pollution monitors. Edward Arnold, Institute of Biology Series, No. 66. 60pp. ISBN 0713125543: 0713125551(pbk.)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

@@ Qator 14: / Qator 14: @@
 | trinomial =
 | trinomial_authority =
-}}'''Lishayniklar''' ({{lang-la|Lichenes}}) [[zamburugʻlar]] va [[suvoʻtlari]] va/yoki [[sianobakteriyalar]]ning [[simbioz|simbiotik]] majmualari boʻlmish [[organizm]]lardir.<ref name=dobson/> Biroq lishayniklar morfologiyasi, fiziologiyasi va biokimyosi zamburugʻ va suvoʻtlarnikidan farq qiladi. Lishayniklar tarqalish areali nihoyatda xilma-xil, ularni sovuq, nam iqlimda ham, issiq, choʻl sharoitida ham uchratish mumkin,<ref name="Morris2007"/> shu bilan birga ular atrof-muhit oʻzgarishiga sezgirdir.<ref name=ferry/><ref name=rosehawksworth/><ref name=Hawksworthrose1976/> Lishayniklardan boʻyoq, atir-upa ishlab chiqarishda hamda tabobatda foydalaniladi.
+}}'''Lishayniklar''' ({{lang-la|Lichenes}}) [[zamburugʻlar]] va [[suvoʻtlari]] va/yoki [[sianobakteriyalar]]ning [[simbioz|simbiotik]] majmualari boʻlmish [[organizm]]lardir.<ref name=dobson>F.S. Dobson (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., Slough, UK</ref> Biroq lishayniklar morfologiyasi, fiziologiyasi va biokimyosi zamburugʻ va suvoʻtlarnikidan farq qiladi. Lishayniklar tarqalish areali nihoyatda xilma-xil, ularni sovuq, nam iqlimda ham, issiq, choʻl sharoitida ham uchratish mumkin,<ref name="Morris2007">{{cite book |author=Morris J, Purvis W. |title=Lichens (Life) |publisher=The Natural History Museum |location=London |year=2007 |page=19 |isbn=0-565-09153-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref> shu bilan birga ular atrof-muhit oʻzgarishiga sezgirdir.<ref name=ferry>Ferry, B.W., Baddeley, M.S. & Hawkworth, D. L. (Editors) (1973) Air Pollution and Lichens. Athlone Press, London.</ref>
+<ref name=rosehawksworth>Rose C.I., Hawksworth D.L. (1981) Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air. Nature</ref>
+<ref name=Hawksworthrose1976>D.L. Hawksworth and F. Rose(1976) Lichens as pollution monitors. Edward Arnold, Institute of Biology Series, No. 66. 60pp. ISBN 0713125543:  0713125551(pbk.)</ref> Lishayniklardan boʻyoq, atir-upa ishlab chiqarishda hamda tabobatda foydalaniladi.
 ==Manbalar==
-<ref name=dobson>F.S. Dobson (2000) Lichens, an illustrated guide to the British and Irish species. Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd., Slough, UK</ref>
-<ref name="Morris2007">{{cite book |author=Morris J, Purvis W. |title=Lichens (Life) |publisher=The Natural History Museum |location=London |year=2007 |page=19 |isbn=0-565-09153-0 |oclc= |doi= |accessdate=}}</ref>
-<ref name=ferry>Ferry, B.W., Baddeley, M.S. & Hawkworth, D. L. (Editors) (1973) Air Pollution and Lichens. Athlone Press, London.</ref>
-<ref name=rosehawksworth>Rose C.I., Hawksworth D.L. (1981) Lichen recolonization in London's cleaner air. Nature</ref>
-<ref name=Hawksworthrose1976>D.L. Hawksworth and F. Rose(1976) Lichens as pollution monitors. Edward Arnold, Institute of Biology Series, No. 66. 60pp. ISBN 0713125543:  0713125551(pbk.)</ref>
 {{reflist}}
+== Tashqi ishoratlar ==
+{{Commonscat|Lichens|Lishayniklar}}
+* [http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/Plant_Interactions/Lichen/lichenBiology.shtml University of Sydney lichen biology]
+* [http://www.nlnature.com Memorial University's NL Nature project, focusing primarily on lichens]
+* [http://www.esa.int/esaHS/SEMUJM638FE_index_0.html ESA article on lichen survivability in low earth orbit]
+* [http://www.theBLS.org.uk The British Lichen Society]
+* [http://www.lichen.com/ Lichens of North America]
+* [http://www.blackturtle.us/DV_PLANTS/LICHEN/ Lichen Information and Pictures at blackturtle.us]
+* [http://pnwfungi.org/ Pacific Northwest Fungi Online Journal, includes articles on lichens]
+* [http://www.naturlink.pt/canais/Artigo.asp?iArtigo=2977&iLingua=2 Fungi that discovered agriculture]
+* [http://www.tropicallichens.net Pictures of Tropical Lichens]
+* [http://share.gigapan.org/viewGigapan.php?id=20100 High Resolution 1.5 Gigapixel Image of a Lichen Covered Rock]
+* [http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130_d.gif Good example of a Lichen]
+* [http://liaslight.lias.net/ LIAS light: an online interactive identification key for the lichen species of the World]
+{{stub}}
+{{Link GA|es}}
+{{Link FA|cs}}
+{{Link FA|de}}
+[[ar:أشنيات]]
+[[az:Şibyələr]]
+[[be:Лішайнікі]]
+[[be-x-old:Лішайнікі]]
+[[ca:Liquen]]
+[[cs:Lišejník]]
+[[da:Lav (symbiotisk organisme)]]
+[[de:Flechte]]
+[[et:Samblikud]]
+[[el:Λειχήνα]]
+[[en:Lichen]]
+[[es:Liquen]]
+[[eo:Likeno]]
+[[eu:Liken]]
+[[fa:گلسنگ]]
+[[fr:Lichen]]
+[[ga:Léicean]]
+[[gl:Lique]]
+[[ko:지의류]]
+[[hi:लाइकेन]]
+[[hr:Lišajevi]]
+[[io:Likeno]]
+[[id:Lumut kerak]]
+[[is:Flétta]]
+[[it:Lichene]]
+[[he:חזזית]]
+[[kn:ಕಲ್ಲುಹೂವು (ಲೈಕನ್‌ಗಳು)]]
+[[ka:ლიქენები]]
+[[ky:Эңилчектер]]
+[[la:Lichen]]
+[[lv:Ķērpji]]
+[[lb:Flecht]]
+[[lt:Kerpės]]
+[[hu:Zuzmó]]
+[[mk:Лишаи]]
+[[nl:Korstmos]]
+[[ja:地衣類]]
+[[no:Lav]]
+[[nn:Lav]]
+[[oc:Liquèn]]
+[[pl:Porosty]]
+[[pt:Líquen]]
+[[ro:Lichen]]
+[[qu:Kusma qara]]
+[[ru:Лишайники]]
+[[sco:Crottle]]
+[[sq:Likenet]]
+[[simple:Lichen]]
+[[sk:Lišajník]]
+[[sl:Lišaj]]
+[[sr:Лишај]]
+[[sh:Lišaj]]
+[[fi:Jäkälät]]
+[[sv:Lav]]
+[[tt:Лишайниклар]]
+[[te:లైకెన్]]
+[[th:ไลเคน]]
+[[tr:Likenler]]
+[[uk:Лишайники]]
+[[vi:Địa y]]
+[[wa:Liken]]
+[[zh:地衣]]