Li Xe
Li Xe — oʻrta Tang sulolasining xitoy shoiri. U Guicai va Shigui sifatida ham tanilgan.
U tirishqoq shoir bo‘lib, kunduzi sayrga chiqqanda bir misra she’r kelsa, uni qog‘ozga tushirar, kechki payt uyga yetib kelganida she’rlarini oxiriga yetkazib qo'yar edi. U o'zining hayoliy, g'ayritabiiy va fantastik mavzudagi she'rlari bilan mashhur.
Uning o'ziga xos she'riyat uslubi Qing sulolasi davrida Xitoyda tez-tez tanqid qilingan. Bu davrda uning she'riyatdagi mashhurligi adabiy didning o'zgarishi bilan bog'liq bo'lib, uning asarlari "Uch yuz tang she'rlari" dan chiqarib tashlangan. XX asrga kelib unga qiziqish uyg'ongan. U Mao Zedunni hayratga solgan Tang shoirlaridan biri edi.
Keyingi avlod shoiri Li Shangyin ham Li Xening qisqacha tarjimai holini yozgan. Du Mu 831 - yilda Lining toʻplangan sheʼrlariga soʻzboshi yozgan.
Biografiya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Uning oilasi qirollik naslidan edi . Ikkala Tang davlati tarixida ham uni "Chjen Vangning avlodi" deb atashgan.
U 790- yoki 791-yillarda tug‘ilgan. Shoir Ot yilida dunyoga kelgan, chunki uning 23 ta she’rlarida shoirning timsoli sifatida ot ishlatilgan. Fuchang okrugida tugʻilgan . U 7 yoshida sheʼr yozishni boshlagan.
Kasallik va o'lim[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
U kasaldek ko'rinishga ega deb ta'riflanadi. Shoir go'yoki juda ozg'in bo'lgan. Li Xe past martabali va kambag'al amaldor sifatida tahminan 816- yoki 817- yillarda, 26 yoki 27 yoshida vafot etgan . Li Xening qisqacha tarjimai holi vafoti vaqtidadir. Uning oldiga qip-qizil rangdagi bir kishi kelib, Shangdi uni she'r yozish uchun jannatga chaqirganini aytdi.
She'riyat[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Adabiyot tarixida Li, odatda, VIII asr oxiri va IX asr boshlarini qamrab olgan O'rta Tang davri shoiri hisoblanadi. Uning sheʼriy to'plari orasida yoshi kattaroq zamondoshi Men Jiao va Xan Yu bor edi.
Uning 240 ga yaqin she'rlari saqlanib qolgan. Tangning yangi kitobi uning gʻalatiligi va Lining erta vafot etgani tufayli bor yo'g'i bir nechta sheʼrlari saqlanib qolgani haqida xabar beradi.
Uning she'rlarining 2 ta antologiyasi saqlanib qolgan: to'plam qo'shiqlari va Li Xe she'rlari .
Uning she'riyati o'ziga xos bo'lib, hayoliy va g'ayrioddiy tasvirlar bilan to'la bo'lib, u "Guicai" laqabini shu yerda oladi. Uning saqlanib qolgan she'rlarining deyarli hech biri tartibga solinmagan.
Yuan sulolasining ko'plab shi shoirlari Lining she'riy uslubiga taqlid qilganlar.
Adabiyotlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Arai, Ken. Chūgoku Shijin Senshū 14: Ri Ga (ja). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1959.
- Arai, Ken. Shinshū Chūgoku Shijin Senshū 5: Ri Ga, Ri Shōin (ja). Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, 1984.
- "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). Britannica Kokusai Dai-Hyakkajiten. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.. 2014. https://kotobank.jp/word/李賀-148407#E3.83.96.E3.83.AA.E3.82.BF.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.E5.9B.BD.E9.9A.9B.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E5.B0.8F.E9.A0.85.E7.9B.AE.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8. Qaraldi: 2017-01-28.
- Bryant, Daniel „Chapter 22: Poetry of the Eighteenth to Early Twentieth Centuries“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). Daijirin. Sanseidō. 2006. https://kotobank.jp/word/李賀-148407#E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.9E.97.20.E7.AC.AC.E4.B8.89.E7.89.88. Qaraldi: 2017-01-30.
- "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). Daijisen. Shogakukan. 1998. https://kotobank.jp/word/李賀-148407#E3.83.87.E3.82.B8.E3.82.BF.E3.83.AB.E5.A4.A7.E8.BE.9E.E6.B3.89. Qaraldi: 2017-01-30.
- Endō, Seiki (15 April 2005). "Gafu Bungaku Shijō ni okeru Ri Ga no Ichi: "Fuzan Takashi" ni motozuku kōsatsu" (ja). Tōkyō Daigaku Chūgokugo Chūgoku Bungaku Kenkyūshitsu Kiyō (University of Tokyo) 8 (1): 1–24. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202063620/http://repository.dl.itc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2261/6578/1/cc008001.pdf. Qaraldi: 2017-01-30.Li Xe]]
- Frodsham, J. D.. The Poems of Li He (790-816) (en). San Francisco: North Point Press, 1983. ISBN 0-86547-084-7.
- Fukazawa, Kazuyuki (2013). "Chūgoku Bunkashi Daijiten". in Ozaki (ja). Chūgoku Bunkashi Daijiten. 1. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. 1219–1220 b. ISBN 978-4469012842.
- (Thesis).
{{cite thesis}}: Missing or empty|title=(yordam) - Graham, A. C. (1971). "A New Translation of a Chinese Poet: Li Ho 李 賀". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies (University of London) 34 (3): 560–570. doi:10.1017/s0041977x0012854x.
- Graham, A. C.. Penguin Classics: Poems of the Late Tang (en). Penguin Group, 1977.
- Hinton, David. Classical Chinese Poetry: An Anthology (en). New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2014. ISBN 978-1-46687-322-3.
- Huntington, Rania „Chapter 6: The Supernatural“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- Jullien, François. Detour and Access: Strategies of Meaning in China and Greece (en), 2004. ISBN 1-890951-11-0.
- Kai, Katsuji; Higashi, Hidetoshi (2010). ""Bantō Godai no Bungaku Hihyō, Shoron" Yakuchū (jō)" (ja). Fukuoka Daigaku Jinbun Ronsō (Fukuoka University) 42 (3): 821–842. https://fukuoka-u.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=repository_action_common_download&item_id=1088&item_no=1&attribute_id=22&file_no=1. Qaraldi: 2017-01-30.Li Xe]]
- Kroll, Paul W. „Chapter 14: Poetry of the T'ang Dynasty“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- Lynn, Richard John „Chapter 18: Mongol-Yüan Classical Verse (Shih)“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- Morise, Toshizō „Ri Ga (791–817): Shin Tō Sho kan 203“,. Tōdai no Shijin: Sono Denki Ogawa: . Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, 1975 — 477–484 bet.
- "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). Mypaedia. Hitachi. 1996. https://kotobank.jp/word/李賀-148407#E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.E3.83.9E.E3.82.A4.E3.83.9A.E3.83.87.E3.82.A3.E3.82.A2.
- Noguchi, Kazuo (1994). "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). Encyclopedia Nipponica. Shogakukan. https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B3%80-148407#E6.97.A5.E6.9C.AC.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E5.85.A8.E6.9B.B8.28.E3.83.8B.E3.83.83.E3.83.9D.E3.83.8B.E3.82.AB.29. Qaraldi: 2017-01-29.
- Sargent, Stuart „Chapter 15: Tz'u“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- (Thesis).
{{cite thesis}}: Missing or empty|title=(yordam) - (Thesis).
{{cite thesis}}: Missing or empty|title=(yordam) - Ueki, Hisayuki; Uno, Naoto; Matsubara, Akira (1999). "Kanshi no Jiten". in Matsuura, Tomohisa (ja). Kanshi no Jiten. 1. Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten. 110–113 b. OCLC 41025662.
- Wada, Hidenobu (28 April 2001). "Ri Ga to iu shijin-zō: Ri Shōin "Ri Ga Shō Den" to Ri Ga no monogatari" (ja). Ochanomizu Joshi Daigaku Daigaku Chūgoku Bungaku Kaihō (Ochanomizu University) 20 (1): 50–68. Archived from the original on 2017-09-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20170917123550/http://teapot.lib.ocha.ac.jp/ocha/handle/10083/1061. Qaraldi: 2017-09-17.Li Xe]]
- Wixted, John Timothy „Chapter 19: Poetry of the Fourteenth Century“,. The Columbia History of Chinese Literature Mair: . New York: Columbia University Press, 2001. ISBN 0-231-10984-9.
- "Li He (Ri Ga in Japanese)" (ja). World Encyclopedia. Heibonsha. 1998. https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%9D%8E%E8%B3%80-148407#E4.B8.96.E7.95.8C.E5.A4.A7.E7.99.BE.E7.A7.91.E4.BA.8B.E5.85.B8.20.E7.AC.AC.EF.BC.92.E7.89.88. Qaraldi: 2017-01-29.
- Wu, Fusheng „Chapter 3 (note 8)“,. The Poetics of Decadence: Chinese Poetry of the Southern Dynasties and Late Tang Periods (en). Albany: SUNY Press, 1998 — 228 bet. ISBN 9780791437513.
- Xia, Gang (December 2001). "Nihon Reihō Nyūmon no chūkaku to chūkū: Nitchū no reihō, kannen no hikaku no ichidanmen (3)" (ja). Ritsumeikan Kokusai Kenkyū (Ritsumeikan University) 14 (3): 71–87. Archived from the original on 2017-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20170202054356/http://www.ritsumei.ac.jp/acd/cg/ir/college/bulletin/vol14-3/14-3-04ka.pdf. Qaraldi: 2017-01-29.Li Xe]]
- Zeitlin, Judith T. „The Ghost's Voice“,. The Phantom Heroine: Ghosts and Gender in Seventheenth-century Chinese Literature (en). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2007. ISBN 9780824830915.
Qo'shimcha o'qish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]
- Mc Craw, David (1996). "Hanging by a Thread: Li He's Deviant Closures". Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (University of Wisconsin) 18: 23–44. doi:10.2307/495624. https://archive.org/details/sim_chinese-literature-essays-articles-reviews_1996-12_18/page/23.
- Noguchi, Kazuo (29 March 1980). "Ri Ga to Shin Ashi" (ja). Hokkaidō Daigaku Bungakubu Kiyō (Hokkaido University) 28 (2): 107–169. http://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/33440/1/28-46_PR107-169.pdf.
- Tu, Kuo-ch'ing. Li Ho. Boston: Twayne, 1979.
