Gomphrena globosa

Gomphrena globosa
	Gullari
Ilmiy tasniflash
	Oʻsimliklar
	Yuksak oʻsimliklar
	Gulli oʻsimliklar
	Ikki urugʻpallalilar
	Caryophyllales
	Amaranthaceae
	Gomphrena
	G. globosa
Binar nomi
	Gomphrena globosa; ; L.

Gomphrena globosa, odatda globus amaranth sifatida tanilgan, gultojixoʻrozdoshlar oilasiga mansub oʻsimlik. Dumaloq shakldagi gul toʻpgullari koʻzga aniq tashlanib turadi. Toʻq qizil, binafsha, qizil, toʻq sariq, oq, pushti va nilufar rangli navlari yaratilgan. Gul boshlari ichida joylashgan haqiqiy gullar kichik va koʻzga tashlanmaydi^[1].

Gomphrena globosaning vatani Markaziy Amerika, Panama va Gvatemala mintaqalari, ammo hozir butun dunyoda oʻstiriladi^[2]. G. globosa tropik bir yillik oʻsimlik sifatida yoz va kuzning boshida gullaydi. U issiqlikka va qurgʻoqchilikka chidamli, ammo toʻliq quyoshda va muntazam namlikda yaxshi oʻsadi^[3]^[4]. Yetuklik davrida gul boshlari taxminan 4 sm va oʻsimlik balandligi 24 dyuymgacha yetadi^[1].

Gomphrena globosa - kapalaklar, asalarilar va boshqa hasharotlar tomonidan changlanadi. Gul tarqatadigan uchuvchi moddalar changlatuvchilarni jalb qiladi^[1].

Foydalanish[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Oʻsimlik quritgandan keyin shakli va rangini saqlab qoladi.

Nepalda gul odatda makhamali ful nomi bilan tanilgan va Tihar festivalining oxirgi kuni Bhai Tika paytida gulchambar yasash uchun ishlatiladi. Gulchambarni singil akaning boʻyniga osib qoʻyadi. Gulning asta-sekin soʻnishi birodar uchun uzoq umrni anglatadi. Gul 1855-yilda Jung Bahodur Rana tomonidan Britaniyaga yuborilgan. Bu gul sanskrit tilida Rakta Mallika nomi bilan tanilgan^[5].

Bu oʻsimlik oʻzining yorqin ranglari uchun qadrlanadi.

G. globosa oʻsimlik tibbiyotida ishlatilgan^[3]^[6]^[7]^[8].

G. globosa gullari oziq-ovqat sanoati, kosmetika va chorva ozuqalarida qoʻshimchalar sifatida keng qoʻllaniladigan betasiyaninlarga boy^[9].

Kimyoviy xossalari[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Fitokimyoviy moddalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

G. globosada kamida yigirma yettita fitokimyoviy moddalar, jumladan, oltita fenolik kislota hosilalari va oʻn beshta oʻziga xos flavonoidlar aniqlangan. Mavjud eng koʻp fenolik birikmalar flavonoidlardir^[10]. Gomfrenol hosilalari ham fenolik tarkibga hissa qoʻshadi. Boshqa flavanollarga quercetin, kempferol va izorhamnetin hosilalari kiradi^[3].

Betasiyaninlar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

Globus amarantida aniqlangan asosiy betasiyaninlar gomfrenin, izogomfrenin II va izogomfrenin III hisoblanadi^[11]. Bu birikmalar oʻsimlikdagi vakuolalarda saqlanadi^[12].

Galereya[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

G. globosa gullari

Manbalar[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]

↑ ^1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Jiang, Yifan; Zhao, Nan; Wang, Fei; Chen, Feng (1–yanvar 2011–yil). „Emission and Regulation of Volatile Chemicals from Globe Amaranth Flowers“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (inglizcha). 136-jild, № 1. 16–22-bet. doi:10.21273/JASHS.136.1.16. ISSN 0003-1062.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
↑ Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.
↑ ^3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Silva, Luís R.; Valentão, Patrícia; Faria, Joana; Ferreres, Federico; Sousa, Carla; Gil-Izquierdo, Angel; Pinho, Brígida R.; Andrade, Paula B. (2012). „Phytochemical investigations and biological potential screening with cellular and non-cellular models of globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosaL.) inflorescences“. Food Chemistry (inglizcha). 135-jild, № 2. 756–763-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.015. PMID 22868155.
↑ Herold, A.; Lewis, D. H.; Walker, D. A. (1–may 1976–yil). „Sequestration of Cytoplasmic Orthophosphate by Mannose and Its Differential Effect on Photosynthetic Starch Synthesis in C3 and C4 Species“. New Phytologist (inglizcha). 76-jild, № 3. 397–407-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb01475.x. ISSN 1469-8137.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
↑ संवाददाता. „मखमली फूलको सांस्कृतिक महत्व“ (Nepali). www.safalkhabar.com. Qaraldi: 22-iyun 2022-yil.
↑ Mendes, John. Cote ce Cote la: Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary, Arima, Trinidad, 1986 — 7 bet.
↑ Lans, Cheryl (15–mart 2007–yil). „Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems“. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 3-jild. 13-bet. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-3-13. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 1838898. PMID 17362507.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()
↑ S., Bajaj, Y. P.. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. ISBN 9783662303719. OCLC 840292441.
↑ Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Prieto, M.A.; Morales, Patricia; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2017). „Floral parts of Gomphrena globosa L. as a novel alternative source of betacyanins: Optimization of the extraction using response surface methodology“ (PDF). Food Chemistry (inglizcha). 229-jild. 223–234-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.073. PMID 28372168.
↑ Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.
↑ Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). "Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds" (PDF). Food Research International. 62: 684–693. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036. hdl:10198/10145.
↑ Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Sasaki, Nobuhiro; Ohmiya, Akemi (1–may 2008–yil). „Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids“. The Plant Journal (inglizcha). 54-jild, № 4. 733–749-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x. ISSN 1365-313X. PMID 18476875.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

[:0-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Jiang, Yifan; Zhao, Nan; Wang, Fei; Chen, Feng (1–yanvar 2011–yil). „Emission and Regulation of Volatile Chemicals from Globe Amaranth Flowers“. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science (inglizcha). 136-jild, № 1. 16–22-bet. doi:10.21273/JASHS.136.1.16. ISSN 0003-1062.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

[2] Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.

[:2-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Silva, Luís R.; Valentão, Patrícia; Faria, Joana; Ferreres, Federico; Sousa, Carla; Gil-Izquierdo, Angel; Pinho, Brígida R.; Andrade, Paula B. (2012). „Phytochemical investigations and biological potential screening with cellular and non-cellular models of globe amaranth (Gomphrena globosaL.) inflorescences“. Food Chemistry (inglizcha). 135-jild, № 2. 756–763-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.05.015. PMID 22868155.

[4] Herold, A.; Lewis, D. H.; Walker, D. A. (1–may 1976–yil). „Sequestration of Cytoplasmic Orthophosphate by Mannose and Its Differential Effect on Photosynthetic Starch Synthesis in C3 and C4 Species“. New Phytologist (inglizcha). 76-jild, № 3. 397–407-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1976.tb01475.x. ISSN 1469-8137.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

[5] संवाददाता. „मखमली फूलको सांस्कृतिक महत्व“ (Nepali). www.safalkhabar.com. Qaraldi: 22-iyun 2022-yil.

[6] Mendes, John. Cote ce Cote la: Trinidad & Tobago Dictionary, Arima, Trinidad, 1986 — 7 bet.

[7] Lans, Cheryl (15–mart 2007–yil). „Ethnomedicines used in Trinidad and Tobago for reproductive problems“. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 3-jild. 13-bet. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-3-13. ISSN 1746-4269. PMC 1838898. PMID 17362507.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

[8] S., Bajaj, Y. P.. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. ISBN 9783662303719. OCLC 840292441.

[:3-9] Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Prieto, M.A.; Morales, Patricia; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2017). „Floral parts of Gomphrena globosa L. as a novel alternative source of betacyanins: Optimization of the extraction using response surface methodology“ (PDF). Food Chemistry (inglizcha). 229-jild. 223–234-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.073. PMID 28372168.

[:1-10] Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.

[11] Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). „Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds“ (PDF). Food Research International (inglizcha). 62-jild. 684–693-bet. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036.Roriz, Custódio Lobo; Barros, Lillian; Carvalho, Ana Maria; Santos-Buelga, Celestino; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R. (2014). "Pterospartum tridentatum, Gomphrena globosa and Cymbopogon citratus: A phytochemical study focused on antioxidant compounds" (PDF). Food Research International. 62: 684–693. doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2014.04.036. hdl:10198/10145.

[12] Tanaka, Yoshikazu; Sasaki, Nobuhiro; Ohmiya, Akemi (1–may 2008–yil). „Biosynthesis of plant pigments: anthocyanins, betalains and carotenoids“. The Plant Journal (inglizcha). 54-jild, № 4. 733–749-bet. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2008.03447.x. ISSN 1365-313X. PMID 18476875.{{cite magazine}}: CS1 maint: date format ()

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