Fil (shaxmat)
Oq fil
Qora fil
Fil (♗, ♝) – shaxmatdagi donalardan biri. U faqat diagonal yoʻnalishda harakatlanadi va shu yoʻnalishda raqib figurasini urishi mumkin. Fil boshqa sipohlar ustidan sakrab oʻtolmaydi. Har bir oʻyinchi oʻyinni ikkita fil bilan boshlaydi. Oq fillarning boshlangʻich joylari – c1 va f1, qora fillar esa c8 va f8 kvadratlarida joylashadi.
Joylashuvi va harakatlanishi
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]Shoh tomonidagi fil oq tomon uchun f1 katakka, qora tomon uchun esa f8 katakka joylashtiriladi. Farzin tomoidagi fil esa oqda c1 katakda, qorada esa c8 katakda joylashadi.
Fillarning dastlabki joylashuvi
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Qora fil qora nuqta bilan belgilangan kvadratlarning istalganiga o‘tishi mumkin. Oq fil oq nuqta bilan belgilangan istalgan kvadratga o‘tishi yoki d7 dagi piyodani yutib olishi mumkin.
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Nomlarning tarjimalari
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]| Tillar | ||
|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | L Loper | yuguruvchi |
| Albancha | F Fili / Oficeri | fil |
| Arab tili | ف فيل (fīl) | fil |
| Ozarbayjon turkchasi | F Fil | fil |
| Armancha | Փ Փիղ (P῾ił) | fil |
| Bask tili | A Alfila | |
| Belaruscha (Taraškievica) | А афіцэр | ofitser |
| Bengali | H গজ / হাতি (gôj / hāti) | Fil |
| Bolgarcha | О офицер | ofitser |
| Katalancha | A alfil | |
| Xitoycha | B 象 (xiàng) | fil |
| Chex tili | S střelec | mergan |
| Dan tili | L løber | yuguruvchi |
| Niderland tili | L loper / raadsheer | yuguruvchi / maslahatchi |
| Inglizcha | B bishop | |
| Esperanto | K kuriero | chopar |
| Estoncha[1] | O oda | nayzador |
| Fincha | L lähetti | chopar |
| Fransuzcha | F fou | masxaraboz |
| Galisiyaliklar tili | B bispo | fil |
| Gruzincha | კ კუ (ku) | toshbaqa |
| Nemischa[2] | L Läufer | yuguruvchi |
| Yunoncha | Α αξιωματικός (axiomatikós) | ofitser |
| hindcha | O ऊँट (ūṁṭ) | tuya |
| Ivritcha | ר רץ (Ratz) | yuguruvchi |
| Xausa | G giwa | fil |
| Vengercha | F futó | chopar |
| Islandcha | B biskup | fil |
| Ido | E episkopo | fil |
| Indonez tili | G gajah | fil |
| Slavyanlararo tili | L lovec | ovchi |
| Irlandcha | E easpag | fil |
| Italyancha | A alfiere | bayroqdor |
| Yaponcha | B ビショップ (bishoppu) | |
| Java tili | M mentri | vazir |
| Kannada tili | ರ ರಥ (ratha) | izvosh |
| Qozoqcha | П піл (pıl) | fil |
| Koreyscha | B 비숍 (bi syob) | |
| Lotin tili | A signifer / cursor / stultus / alphinus | bayroqdor / xabarchi / ahmoq |
| Latishcha | L laidnis | |
| Litva tili | R rikis | Litva harbiy qo‘mondoni |
| Luxembourgish | L Leefer | yuguruvchi |
| Makedoncha | L ловец | ovchi |
| Malayalam | B ആന (aana) | fil |
| Marathi | O उंट (Unṭ) | tuya |
| Mongol tili | Т тэмээ (temee) | tuya |
| Norvegcha Bokmål | L løper | yuguruvchi |
| Norvegcha Nynorsk | L løpar | yuguruvchi |
| Oriya | B ହାତୀ (hati) | fil |
| Oromo | ||
| Forscha | ف فیل | fil |
| Polyakcha | G goniec / laufer | chopar |
| Portugalcha | B bispo | fil |
| Rumincha | N nebun | ahmoq |
| Ruscha | С слон (slon) | fil |
| Gel tili | E easbaig | yepiskop |
| Serb-xorvat tili | L lovac / strijelac / laufer (Л ловац / стрелац / лауфер) | ovchi / kamonchi / yuguruvchi |
| Shimoliy Sotho | Mp Mopišopo | |
| Sitsiliancha | A alferu | |
| Slovakcha | S strelec | ovchi |
| Slovencha | L lovec | ovchi |
| Ispancha | A alfil | |
| Shved tili | L löpare | yuguruvchi |
| Tamilcha | B அமைச்சர் / மந்திரி (amaicchar / manthiri) | vazir |
| Telugu | శకటు (śakaţu) | |
| Tay tili | ค โคน (khon) | |
| Turkcha | F fil | fil |
| Ukraincha | C слон (slon) | fil |
| Urdu | فيلہ (fīlah) | |
| Vyetnamcha | T tượng / tịnh / voi | fil |
| Valliycha | E esgob | yepiskop |
Manbalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- ↑ Estonicha shaxmati atamalari Ado Grenzstein tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan..
- ↑ „Handbook“. www.fide.com. — „The pieces bear the names: Koenig, Dame, Turm, Laeufer, Springer, Bauer“. Qaraldi: 2019-yil 22-mart.
Adabiyotlar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Barden, Leonard (1980), Play better chess with Leonard Barden, Octopus Books Limited, p. 10, ISBN 978-0-7134-8769-5
- Brace, Edward R. (1977), An Illustrated Dictionary of Chess, Hamlyn Publishing Group, pp. 34–35, ISBN 1-55521-394-4
- Davidson, Henry (1981), A Short History of Chess (1949), McKay, ISBN 0-679-14550-8
- Fine, Reuben; Benko, Pal (2003), Basic Chess Endings (1941), McKay, ISBN 0-8129-3493-8
- Fiske, Willard (1905), Chess in Iceland and in Icelandic literature, with historical notes on other table games (1905), The Florentine typographical society
- Golombek, Harry (1976), Chess: A History, Putnam, ISBN 0-399-11575-7
- Hooper, David; Whyld, Kenneth (1996) [First pub. 1992], "bishop", The Oxford Companion to Chess (2nd ed.), Oxford University Press, p. 41, ISBN 0-19-280049-3
- Kurzdorfer, Peter (2003), The Everything Chess Basics Book, Adams Media, ISBN 978-1-58062-586-9
- Mednis, Edmar (1990), Practical Bishop Endings, Chess Enterprises, ISBN 0-945470-04-5
- Müller, Karsten; Lamprecht, Frank (2001), Fundamental Chess Endings, Gambit Publications, ISBN 1-901983-53-6
- Murray, H. J. R. (1913), A History of Chess, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-827403-3
- Reinfeld, Fred (1947), Reinfeld on the End-game in Chess, Dover Publications
Havolalar
[tahrir | manbasini tahrirlash]- Piececlopedia: Bishop by Fergus Duniho and Hans Bodlaender, The Chess Variant Pages