Dabka

Dabka (arabcha: دبكة, shuningdek dabke, dabki, dubki, dabkeh deb ham talaffuz qilinadi; koʻplikda dabkaat^[1]) – Levant xalq raqsi boʻlib, ayniqsa Livan, Iordaniya, Falastin va Suriya xalqlari orasida keng tarqalgan^[2]^[3]^[4]. Dabka aylana va saf tortilgan holda raqsga tushiladi hamda toʻylar va boshqa quvonchli marosimlarda faol ijro etiladi. Raqs safi oʻngdan chapga qarab tiziladi va dabka sardori safboshi boʻlib, goh tomoshabinlarga, goh boshqa raqqoslarga yuzlanib turadi.

Etimologiyasi

"Dabke" soʻzining etimologiyasi noaniq, ammo u Levant arabchasidagi „dabaka“ (arabcha: دبكة) soʻzidan kelib chiqqan deb taxmin qilinadi. Bu soʻz „oyoqlarni yerga urish“ yoki „shovqin chiqarish“ maʼnolarini anglatadi^[5]^[6]^[7].

Tarixi

Kiprda finikiyaliklarning doira shaklida raqsga tushishini aks ettiruvchi tasvirlar topilgan bo‘lib, ularda qo‘sh nayli aerofon va doira kabi cholg‘ular ham tasvirlangan^[8].

Livanlik tarixchi, jurnalist va siyosatchi Yusuf Ibrohim Yazbek taʼkidlashicha, dabka raqsi ming yillar avvalgi Finikiya raqslaridan kelib chiqqan^[9]^[10]. Falastinlik folklorshunoslar Abdul-Latif Bargutiy va Avvad Saʼud al-Avvadning fikriga koʻra esa, dabka qadimgi Kanʼon xalqlarining dehqonchilik bilan bogʻliq hosildorlik marosimlarida paydo boʻlgan boʻlib, ular yovuz ruhlarni haydash va yosh ekinlarni himoya qilish maqsadida ijro etilgan boʻlishi mumkin^[11].

Tanlovlar va chiqishlar

Dabka musobaqalari yoki shoulari koʻpincha turli madaniy raqslar va dabka ijro etuvchi turli truppalardan iborat boʻladi.

Koʻplab universitetlarda „Arab kechasi“ yoki shunga oʻxshash nomli tadbirlar oʻtkaziladi. Bunday tomoshalar paytida dabka raqsi sahnada (xona ichida yoki tashqarida), zal polida yoki ochiq havoda ijro etiladi. Dabka raqsini ijro qilish bir necha turli qadamlardan tashkil topgan: belbel, inzel, shemmel va taxi. Bu qadamlarning har birining uygʻunligi, shuningdek, vaqti-vaqti bilan sakrash va aylanishlar raqsni toʻliq koʻrinishga keltiradi.

Jahon rekordi

2011-yil avgust oyida Livanning Dour El Choueir qishlogʻida yangi jahon rekordi oʻrnatildi. Dour El Choueir yozgi festivali doirasida 5050 kishidan iborat inson dabkani ijro qildi va bu hozirda jahon rekordi hisoblanadi. Bu tadbir Monrealdagi Livan talabalar federatsiyasi „Tollab“ tomonidan oʻrnatilgan rekordni yangiladi. Tollab „La Troupe Folklorique Les Chevaliers du Liban“ jamoasi bilan hamkorlikda Monrealdagi Marselin Uilson bogʻida 4475 kishidan iborat odam ishtirokida besh daqiqadan ortiq vaqt davomida uzluksiz dabka raqsini ijro etgan. Tollab oʻzi bu bilan Isroilning Akka shahrida isroillik arablar guruhi tomonidan oʻrnatilgan 2743 kishilik rekordni yangilagan edi. Undan oldinroq esa Torontoda 1700 kishilik rekord oʻrnatilgandi.

Manbalar

↑ „Stomps. Stciks . Spins : ARAB FOLK DANCE with KARIM NAGI : Dabke . Saidi . Sufi“. Karimnagi.com. 2019-yil 7-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 7-yanvar.
↑
*Veal, Michael E.; Kim, E. Tammy. Punk Ethnography: Artists & Scholars Listen to Sublime Frequencies (en). Wesleyan University Press, 2016. ISBN 9780819576545.
- Kabir, Nahid. Young American Muslims: Dynamics of Identity (en). Edinburgh University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780748669967.
- York, Museum of the City of New. A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City (en). Syracuse University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780815607397.
- Stanton, Andrea L.. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia (en). SAGE, 2012. ISBN 9781412981767.
- Peoples of Western Asia (en). Marshall Cavendish, 2006 — 282-bet. ISBN 9780761476771.
- „Dabke“. Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba. 2018-yil 12-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-iyun.
↑ Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth. Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice (en). University of Chicago Press, 2006-01-16. ISBN 978-0-226-11298-5.
↑ Kassis, Reem. We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition. Studio Press, 2023. ISBN 978-1800783287.
↑ Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth. Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice (en). University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 9780226112985.
↑ „Dabke“ (en). Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba. 2018-yil 12-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-iyun.
↑ The Arab World, Volume 8. Arab Information Center, 1962. „But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.“
↑ „The Dance: Historic Illustrations of Dancing from 3300 B.C. to 1911 A.D.“. www.gutenberg.org. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 30-may.
↑ Volk, Lucia. Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon (en). Indiana University Press, 2010-10-21. ISBN 978-0-253-00492-5.
↑ The Arab World, Volume 8. Arab Information Center, 1962. „But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.“
↑ Kaschl, Elke. Dance and Authenticity in Israel and Palestine: Performing the Nation. Brill, 2003 — 82-bet. ISBN 9789004132382.

[1] „Stomps. Stciks . Spins : ARAB FOLK DANCE with KARIM NAGI : Dabke . Saidi . Sufi“. Karimnagi.com. 2019-yil 7-martda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 7-yanvar.

[2] *Veal, Michael E.; Kim, E. Tammy. Punk Ethnography: Artists & Scholars Listen to Sublime Frequencies (en). Wesleyan University Press, 2016. ISBN 9780819576545.
Kabir, Nahid. Young American Muslims: Dynamics of Identity (en). Edinburgh University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780748669967.

York, Museum of the City of New. A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City (en). Syracuse University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780815607397.

Stanton, Andrea L.. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia (en). SAGE, 2012. ISBN 9781412981767.

Peoples of Western Asia (en). Marshall Cavendish, 2006 — 282-bet. ISBN 9780761476771.

„Dabke“. Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba. 2018-yil 12-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-iyun.

[3] Kabir, Nahid. Young American Muslims: Dynamics of Identity (en). Edinburgh University Press, 2012. ISBN 9780748669967.

[4] York, Museum of the City of New. A Community of Many Worlds: Arab Americans in New York City (en). Syracuse University Press, 2002. ISBN 9780815607397.

[5] Stanton, Andrea L.. Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia (en). SAGE, 2012. ISBN 9781412981767.

[6] Peoples of Western Asia (en). Marshall Cavendish, 2006 — 282-bet. ISBN 9780761476771.

[7] „Dabke“. Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba. 2018-yil 12-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-iyun.

[3] Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth. Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice (en). University of Chicago Press, 2006-01-16. ISBN 978-0-226-11298-5.

[4] Kassis, Reem. We Are Palestinian: A Celebration of Culture and Tradition. Studio Press, 2023. ISBN 978-1800783287.

[5] Cohen, Dalia; Katz, Ruth. Palestinian Arab Music: A Maqam Tradition in Practice (en). University of Chicago Press, 2006. ISBN 9780226112985.

[6] „Dabke“ (en). Canadian Palestinian Association in Manitoba. 2018-yil 12-iyunda asl nusxadan arxivlangan. Qaraldi: 2017-yil 29-iyun.

[Dabke_Origin-7] The Arab World, Volume 8. Arab Information Center, 1962. „But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.“

[8] „The Dance: Historic Illustrations of Dancing from 3300 B.C. to 1911 A.D.“. www.gutenberg.org. Qaraldi: 2023-yil 30-may.

[9] Volk, Lucia. Memorials and Martyrs in Modern Lebanon (en). Indiana University Press, 2010-10-21. ISBN 978-0-253-00492-5.

[Dabke_Origin2-10] The Arab World, Volume 8. Arab Information Center, 1962. „But what is dabke and to which period can it be traced? According to Lebanese historian Youssef Ibrahim Yazbec, who is working on a book on folklore, the dabke comes from the Arabic dabaka meaning to make a noise. ... His theory is that the Phoenicians were the first teachers of the dance in the world, and the dabke is a representative descendant of the Phoenician dances left to us.“

[Canaanite_Origin2-11] Kaschl, Elke. Dance and Authenticity in Israel and Palestine: Performing the Nation. Brill, 2003 — 82-bet. ISBN 9789004132382.

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